Nature Protocols最新文献

Author Correction: Generation of proximal tubule-enhanced kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. 作者更正：从人类多能干细胞生成近端小管增强肾类器官。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01233-w

Jessica M Vanslambrouck, Ker Sin Tan, Sophia Mah, Melissa H Little

引用次数: 0

Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience. 在认知和临床神经科学中使用并发TMS-fMRI的共识指南。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01182-4

Alexandra Woolgar, Eva Feredoes, Moataz Assem, Yasmine Bassil, Til O Bergmann, Lysianne Beynel, Michael Burke, Robin F H Cash, Roch M Comeau, Marta M Correia, Erhan Genc, Gesa Hartwigsen, Jade B Jackson, Matthias Kienle, Patrik Kunz, Olga Leticevscaia, Bruce Luber, Maximilian Lueckel, Claus Mathiesen, Elizabeth Michael, Ole Numssen, Desmond J Oathes, Allyson C Rosen, Teresa Schuhmann, Anna-Lisa Schuler, Catriona L Scrivener, Axel Thielscher, Martin Tik, Yordan Todorov, Maria Vasileiadi, Christian Windischberger, Molly S Hermiller, Alexander T Sack

{"title":"Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.","authors":"Alexandra Woolgar, Eva Feredoes, Moataz Assem, Yasmine Bassil, Til O Bergmann, Lysianne Beynel, Michael Burke, Robin F H Cash, Roch M Comeau, Marta M Correia, Erhan Genc, Gesa Hartwigsen, Jade B Jackson, Matthias Kienle, Patrik Kunz, Olga Leticevscaia, Bruce Luber, Maximilian Lueckel, Claus Mathiesen, Elizabeth Michael, Ole Numssen, Desmond J Oathes, Allyson C Rosen, Teresa Schuhmann, Anna-Lisa Schuler, Catriona L Scrivener, Axel Thielscher, Martin Tik, Yordan Todorov, Maria Vasileiadi, Christian Windischberger, Molly S Hermiller, Alexander T Sack","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01182-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01182-4","url":null,"abstract":"Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (TMS-fMRI) provides a step-change in the toolkit of neuroscience research. TMS enables the noninvasive perturbation of ongoing human brain activity, and when coupled to fMRI for the simultaneous read-out of its effects across the brain, concurrent TMS-fMRI enables studies aimed at determining the causal inference of human brain-behavior relationships, with implications for both fundamental research and clinical application. Many of the technical barriers to TMS-fMRI implementation, such as hardware design and setups, have now been overcome, and the research community in the field is rapidly growing. Here, we present the guidelines set by an international consensus, from researchers at all levels and across the fields of cognitive and applied human neuroscience, for the experimental design and practical considerations of concurrent TMS-fMRI via 12 detailed use cases. These guidelines may facilitate the uptake of this approach and simplify the experimental design and planning stages.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and biomedical applications of single-metal atom catalysts. 单金属原子催化剂的制备及其生物医学应用。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01199-9

Yang Liu, Rui Niu, Yinghui Wang, Hongjie Zhang, Yanli Zhao

{"title":"Preparation and biomedical applications of single-metal atom catalysts.","authors":"Yang Liu, Rui Niu, Yinghui Wang, Hongjie Zhang, Yanli Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01199-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41596-025-01199-9","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocatalysts, including nanozymes, photocatalysts and sonocatalysts, have been investigated to trigger catalytic reactions in vivo to regulate biological microenvironments and stimulate therapeutic effects. Compared with lower metal atom utilization rate and catalytic activity of conventional nanocatalysts, single-metal atom catalysts (SACs) usually possess higher catalytic activity and selectivity owing to their well-defined structures and maximized atom utilization. Their properties are, however, strongly dependent on their composition and the preparation procedure. Here we describe the design, preparation and functionalization of SACs with single-metal atoms positioned within nitrogen-doped carbon supports. The SACs are prepared by pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) or polydopamine-derived materials. Their properties depend on, for example, the metal chosen and atoms available for coordination; four example procedures are described: Cu-N4 from Cu-ZIF-8, Ir-N5 from Ir@ZIF-8 plus melamine, Co-PN3 from triphenylphosphine@Co-ZIF-8 and Cu-SN3 from ZnS@Cu-polydopamine. These SACs need to be functionalized to, for example, reduce aggregation and in vivo corona formation before they can be used in biological applications. In this Protocol, functionalization with the proteins (that is, cholesterol oxidase and pyruvate oxidase) is used as an example. The Protocol provides advice regarding physicochemical and functional characterization, as well as for performing experiments in tumor-bearing mice. The functional experiments were designed with the aim of identifying nanocatalysts with peroxidase-like activity that generate reactive oxygen species within areas of the tumor microenvironment that have increased levels of hydrogen peroxide. SAC synthesis takes 3-4 days, functional modification requires one extra day and the most basic and essential in vitro and in vivo assays require 2-3 months.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of immunogenic commensal antigens using phage display. 利用噬菌体展示技术鉴定免疫原性共生抗原。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01193-1

Sheenam Verma, Samantha Kimmel, Oliver J Harrison

{"title":"Identification of immunogenic commensal antigens using phage display.","authors":"Sheenam Verma, Samantha Kimmel, Oliver J Harrison","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01193-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01193-1","url":null,"abstract":"Humoral immunity plays a major role in the establishment and maintenance of host-microbiota commensalism and immunity to pathogenic microorganisms. However, identification of antigens eliciting adaptive immune responses within barrier and systemic tissues represents a significant hurdle to further understanding this host-microbe dialogue. Here, we provide a protocol to identify immunogenic protein antigens expressed by commensal and pathogenic microbes by using bacteriophage (phage) display-mediated antibody/antigen biopanning. The procedure entails generation of an M13-phagemid library, production of an ORFeome (totality of open reading frames) phage library followed by multiple rounds of affinity-based immunoprecipitation and subsequent antigen validation by ELISA, ELISPOT and/or B cell tetramer generation. The protocol is optimized to identify antigens eliciting both IgA and IgG isotype responses and can use either circulating or intestinal antibodies for antigen identification. Generation and isolation of monoclonal phage encoding putative protein antigens enable simple identification of immunogenic antigens by Sanger sequencing, often providing protein domain-level resolution of epitope-bearing regions. Our protocol can be carried out by a trained molecular biologist and enables antigen identification and validation in the timeframe of weeks.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A modeling approach to quantify ecological dynamics and functional structures of paleocommunities. 量化古群落生态动态和功能结构的建模方法。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01201-4

Yuangeng Huang, Peter D Roopnarine, Zhong-Qiang Chen

{"title":"A modeling approach to quantify ecological dynamics and functional structures of paleocommunities.","authors":"Yuangeng Huang, Peter D Roopnarine, Zhong-Qiang Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01201-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01201-4","url":null,"abstract":"Fossils preserve crucial information about the underlying biological and ecological processes of past ecosystems. Models built on paleontological and paleoecological data can help to elucidate the factors influencing ecosystem health, stability, resilience and function, offering a unique perspective on the long-term ecological impacts of the ongoing human-induced biodiversity crisis and ecosystem degradation. Substantial advances have been made in quantifying the ecological dynamics and functional structures of paleocommunities. However, the effective reconstruction of paleo-food webs and the quantitative evaluation of paleocommunity dynamics are still challenging tasks. Here we present a detailed protocol for reconstructing paleo-food webs using fossil data and for modeling the stability and structures of these paleocommunities using the cascading extinction on graphs model. The procedure includes (1) selecting an appropriate geological time range and geographic scope, collecting fossil data and reconstructing paleocommunities; (2) assigning species to guilds on the basis of shared prey-predator relationships and connecting the guilds that interacted trophically; (3) measuring the functional structures and modeling their dynamics using species-level networks and cascading extinction on graphs models; and (4) analyzing the results to understand the community evolution and identify tipping points that predict ecosystem collapse. Organismal expertise is needed in the reconstruction of paleo-food webs. The resulting comparisons of the paleocommunity stability and structure can help calibrate the timing and patterns of ecological changes during critical intervals in Earth history. This Protocol aims to enhance the utilization of ecological modeling in understanding the evolution of ancient ecosystems. The time required for the protocol is community size dependent - for example, ~5 months for communities containing ~1,000 species.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-throughput multiplex voltage-clamp/current-clamp evaluation of acutely isolated neurons. 急性分离神经元的高通量多重电压箝位/电流箝位评价。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01194-0

Mohammad-Reza Ghovanloo, Sidharth Tyagi, Peng Zhao, Emre Kiziltug, Mark Estacion, Philip R Effraim, Sulayman D Dib-Hajj, Stephen G Waxman

{"title":"High-throughput multiplex voltage-clamp/current-clamp evaluation of acutely isolated neurons.","authors":"Mohammad-Reza Ghovanloo, Sidharth Tyagi, Peng Zhao, Emre Kiziltug, Mark Estacion, Philip R Effraim, Sulayman D Dib-Hajj, Stephen G Waxman","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01194-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01194-0","url":null,"abstract":"The patch-clamp technique remains the gold-standard for the investigation of excitable cells. However, the manual implementation of this technique is slow and low throughput. While recently developed high-throughput robotic patch-clamp methods have proven valuable for drug screening, they have predominantly focused on investigating receptors and channels overexpressed in heterologous cell lines. We recently developed an automated high-throughput patch-clamp approach that enables the simultaneous and unbiased analysis of acutely dissociated neurons in their native state. To analyze and manage the large and complex datasets resulting from this methodology, we have also developed open-source software with an easy-to-use graphical user interface to fit data from each neuron with appropriate biophysical equations to functionally characterize each individual neuron. Here we describe a protocol that provides a streamlined set of procedures, including (1) the dissociation and isolation of neurons from intact tissue; (2) the designing and performing of patch-clamp experiments on the robotic system; and (3) the analysis of data using predetermined, unbiased filtration criteria. This methodology can be used for diverse applications ranging from the assessment of neuronal biophysics to drug development. The protocol requires 6-18 h including cell preparation, experimental execution and analysis of the generated data. Graduate-student-level expertise in animal dissection, electrophysiology and biophysics is required.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-spatial-resolution mass spectrometry imaging of biological tissues using a microfluidic probe. 使用微流体探针的生物组织的高空间分辨率质谱成像。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01188-y

Li-Xue Jiang, Xiangtang Li, Matthias Polack, Detlev Belder, Julia Laskin

{"title":"High-spatial-resolution mass spectrometry imaging of biological tissues using a microfluidic probe.","authors":"Li-Xue Jiang, Xiangtang Li, Matthias Polack, Detlev Belder, Julia Laskin","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01188-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01188-y","url":null,"abstract":"Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) is a liquid extraction-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique that enables quantitative molecular mapping of biological samples in their native state with high spatial resolution. To facilitate the wider adoption of nano-DESI MSI by the scientific community, we have developed a robust and user-friendly microfluidic probe (MFP). The probe has been used to achieve high spatial resolution of 8-10 µm and up to 10-fold improvement in the experimental throughput, enabling imaging of large tissue sections with cellular resolution. Here, we provide detailed instructions for designing, fabricating and operating MFPs. In addition, we describe a complete workflow for nano-DESI MSI, covering every step from probe assembly to data acquisition and analysis. Although the fabrication of MFPs requires expertise in microfluidics and can take a few days, the process can be outsourced to qualified companies for manufacturing. Once the MFP is fabricated, the entire imaging workflow can be completed in several hours, depending on the sample size. For example, a sample with an area of 1 cm² can be analyzed in <10 h at a spatial resolution of 10 µm. The exceptional performance and ease of use of these probes will make high-resolution nano-DESI MSI more accessible to the scientific community.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving accuracy and reproducibility of mass spectrometry characterization of protein coronas on nanoparticles. 提高纳米颗粒上蛋白质冠状体质谱表征的准确性和可重复性。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01204-1

Huan Tang, Jigang Wang, Morteza Mahmoudi

{"title":"Improving accuracy and reproducibility of mass spectrometry characterization of protein coronas on nanoparticles.","authors":"Huan Tang, Jigang Wang, Morteza Mahmoudi","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01204-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01204-1","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate and robust proteomics characterization of the protein corona is crucial for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications of nanomedicine technologies. This Perspective focuses on mass spectrometry-based characterization of the protein corona, emphasizing its role in identifying and quantifying the proteins associated with it. The discussion encompasses three major steps: protein corona formation, protein corona isolation and mass spectrometry-based characterization. Each step presents unique challenges and interdependencies; flaws and a lack of essential process/protocol information in initial steps can lead to erroneous outcomes in proteomics characterization. This Perspective also highlights the importance of standardized protocols, discusses the advantages and shortcomings of current methodologies and proposes strategies to mitigate issues such as protein corona impurities and data reproducibility. By addressing these challenges, both academic and industrial nanomedicine and proteomics communities can enhance the reliability and accuracy of protein corona studies, thereby advancing the fields of nanomedicine and proteomics.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The design, manufacture and LNP formulation of mRNA for research use. 研究用mRNA的设计、制造及LNP配方。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01174-4

Laura J Leighton, Natasha Chaudhary, Hannah T Tompkins, Abhishek Kulkarni, Nissa L Carrodus, Magdalena A Budzinska, Sneha Lakshman Das, Seth W Cheetham, Tim R Mercer

{"title":"The design, manufacture and LNP formulation of mRNA for research use.","authors":"Laura J Leighton, Natasha Chaudhary, Hannah T Tompkins, Abhishek Kulkarni, Nissa L Carrodus, Magdalena A Budzinska, Sneha Lakshman Das, Seth W Cheetham, Tim R Mercer","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01174-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01174-4","url":null,"abstract":"The delivery of mRNA provides a versatile platform to achieve rapid and robust protein expression within cells. mRNA delivery has therefore been widely adopted in research, and mRNA medicines are now being developed to treat a range of diseases. However, high-quality mRNA must be produced to ensure the safety, performance and effectiveness of these medicines. Here, we provide a validated, end-to-end protocol describing the production of mRNA for research and preclinical use. This protocol includes primary sequence design, DNA template production, mRNA synthesis by in vitro transcription, formulation into lipid nanoparticles and transfection into cultured cells. Each step is supported by a range of quality control tests to analyze mRNA integrity and purity and is illustrated with example results to provide information about expected performance. The protocol prioritizes simple production steps that are suitable for small-scale mRNA manufacture, such as PCR preparation of the DNA template, and that can be performed within a laboratory and avoid specialized equipment. The protocol produces high-quality mRNA that can be used for in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, including for vaccine, protein and gene- and cell-therapy applications. Together, this provides a fast and reliable protocol to produce high-quality mRNA suitable for laboratory research and preclinical development.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlled synthesis of noble metal aerogels mediated by salts. 盐介导贵金属气凝胶的受控合成。

IF 13.1 1区生物学

Nature Protocols Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-025-01185-1

Beibei Weng, Xiaoyue Sun, Jialin Li, Shuna Hao, René Hübner, Yunjun Luo, Zhiyuan He, Ran Du

{"title":"Controlled synthesis of noble metal aerogels mediated by salts.","authors":"Beibei Weng, Xiaoyue Sun, Jialin Li, Shuna Hao, René Hübner, Yunjun Luo, Zhiyuan He, Ran Du","doi":"10.1038/s41596-025-01185-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-025-01185-1","url":null,"abstract":"Noble metal aerogels (NMAs) are typically assembled from metal nanoparticles, thus combining the physicochemical properties of nanostructured metals with the self-standing porous architecture of aerogels. NMAs therefore have potential in catalysis, sensing and other applications where the controlled manipulation of their structure and composition facilitates their use in fundamental and applied sciences. However, their preparation remains challenging due to the particular gelation behavior displayed by metal systems. Here we detail the step-by-step instructions for the controlled synthesis of NMAs using salts, including reductive sodium borohydride and common salts such as sodium chloride. This strategy can rapidly synthesize NMAs with customizable ligament sizes (from <5 nm to >100 nm) and element distribution at room temperature (20-25 °C). The key stage of the approach is the control over the anisotropic assembly behavior of metal nanoparticles by tuning their interactions with ions/ligands. The synthesis conditions and procedures are elaborated to ensure reproducibility. We demonstrate the fabrication of seven single-component NMAs and over ten multicomponent NMAs, along with their corresponding characterizations and electrocatalytic applications. The fabrication period of noble metal hydrogels is 7-15 h, which can be shortened to a few minutes by introducing disturbances such as stirring. The subsequent purification time is ~48 h, the solvent exchange time is ~16 h and the drying time is 12-24 h. The total duration is 4-5 d. The procedure is suitable for users with expertise in chemistry, materials science and other related disciplines.","PeriodicalId":18901,"journal":{"name":"Nature Protocols","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0