Nanotechnology, Science and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Smart Materials and Structures: State of the Art and Applications","authors":"N. Ghareeb, M. Farhat","doi":"10.21767/2471-9838.100034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2471-9838.100034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The world of materials is an exciting and challenging field of research since it has always played a dominant role in the evolution of human civilization. The demands from aerospace, defence, automotive and industrial branches on more advanced and innovative materials has led to the development of a new generation of materials with much better performance and capabilities than the existing conventional structural and functional materials. As a result, the era of smart materials has started. \u0000Smart materials can change their physical properties in response to a specific stimulus input. However, there is still a blurry image over the types and potential applications of smart materials. The objective of this paper is to define the field of smart materials and structures, together with its current status and potential benefits. However, more focus will be devoted to piezoelectric materials and results are presented and discussed. Finally, and in order to demonstrate the characteristics of one class of smart materials, two numerical examples are proposed and results are presented.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76725659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Bonding Character of Love Herbal Medicine: A Prominent Medicine Candidate for Preventing HIV Virus","authors":"Arend L. Mapanawang, Hendry. I. Elim","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-oxidant with a very high concentration of IC50 = 6.54 ng/ml extracted from zingiberaceae fruit (Halmahera Golobe) had made this local fruit a very good candidate for improving human health. Based on this finding, a medicine named as love herbal had been fabricated with a multitasking healing in human body problems. In order to analyze the physical working system of this medicine, one investigated the optical properties of it by using chemical bonding spectroscopy method. We obtain that such medicine has optical uniqueness behaviors contributed by 4 main types of chemical bonds named as N-H (Bending) at 1562 cm-1, C=C at 1697 cm-1, C C at 2070 cm-1, and C-H at 3013 cm-1 which might be closely in conjunction with multitasking healing of human body problems, for example in improving antibody protection of human body from cancer deceases, viruses problems, and the health of heart and liver. Such finding was then tested for handling HIV virus as a result with a new discovery that such virus can be reduced dramatically from ~8 million virus to be just about ~8000 virus as the concentration of the medicine increased.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73309247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, Characterization and In-Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice","authors":"Hadiza Am, Taura Dw, B. Muhammad","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were synthesized and assayed for antiplasmodial activity in vivo. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel process and characterized using SEM, FTIR AND UV-VIS spectral study to confirm the formation and size of the nanoparticles. 20% of LD50 value was used to formulate a graded dose of 300, 200 and 100mg/kg. Then 30 mice were group into 5 containing six mice each and were inoculated with 0.2ml of ANKA strain of plasmodium berghei intraperitoneally and were left for the next 7 days before treatment with the graded doses based on their body weight.20/120mg/kg standard dose of Artemether lumefantrine was use as positive control while negative control were given no treatment at all. Data were analyses using mean percentage parasite clearance rate, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference test. MgO nanoparticles showed a remarkable clearance rate of 98.8% just after 24hours of administration and at the end of the four day curative model all the parasites were cleared from the blood. There was statistically significant difference between groups as determine by oneway ANOVA F (3,16) =24.30,p=3.36E-06. This clearly showed that MgO nanoparticles are superior in the clearance of the ANKA strain of plasmodium berghei in infected mice.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72417447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of the SLS-machine for PEEK","authors":"A. Nazarov, I. Skornyakov, I. Shishkovsky","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of an additive setup for the selective laser sintering (SLS) of high-temperature polymeric materials, which is distinguished by an original control system for aligning the device for depositing layers of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) powder. The kinematic and laser-optical schemes are given. The main cooling circuits are described. The proposed technical and design solutions enable conducting the SLS process in different types of high-temperature polymer powders. The principles of the device adjustment for depositing powder layers based on an integral thermal analysis are disclosed. The PEEK sinterability was shown on the designed installation. The physic-mechanical properties of the tested 3D parts were evaluated in comparison with the known data and showed an acceptable quality.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers and their Application in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems (DDS)","authors":"I. Š. Jerbić","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1007","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and synthetic polymers have been used in pharmaceutical industry for many years and have important role in the development of the conventional dosage forms or for manufacturing of various drug packaging materials. In recent years, their important application resides in the development of the most sophisticated drug delivery systems where polymers are used as a drug carrier. Biodegradable polymers are particularly attractive for application in drug delivery systems since, once introduced into the human body, they do not require removal or additional manipulation. Their degradation products are normal metabolites of the body or products that can be metabolized and easily cleared from the body. Among that, synthetic polymers offer a wide variety of compositions with adjustable properties. These materials open the possibility of developing new drug delivery systems with specific properties (chemical, interfacial, mechanical and biological) for a given application, simply by changing the building blocks or the preparation technique. Such designed complex drug delivery systems where polymers are used as functional excipients have numerous advantages such as localized delivery of drug, sustained delivery of drug, stabilization of the drug, prevention of drug’s adverse side-effects, reduction of dosing frequency, minimization of drug concentration fluctuations in plasma level, improved drug utilization and patient compliance. There are range of differently designed drug delivery systems and their description and mechanism of action will be presented in this paper together with the prominent role of the polymers for each particular system. Additionally, most commonly used synthetic biodegradable polymers in drug delivery systems will be presented together with their degradation mechanism.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72621860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Alkaline Pre-Treatment on the Surface Modification of Napier Grass Fibres for the Properties of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)","authors":"A. Bono, Roselyn Gubal","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1005","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) fibres which hold 59.19% cellulose, 21.35% hemicellulose and 7.26% lignin were comprehensively characterized to evaluate their potential as building material for medium density fibreboard (MDF). The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of sodium hydroxide solution as an alkali pre-treatment in determining the best condition for lignin removal in Napier fibres. The treatments were conducted using NaOH concentrations of 0.5, 3.0, 5.5, 8.0, 10.0 and 10.5 wt. %. The morphology of the fibres was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its chemical compositional changes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The study showed that the morphological observation demonstrated that the best concentration for the removal of lignin in Napier fibre was 10.5 wt. % NaOH solutions. It has been found that as the alkali concentration increased, the surface of the fibre becomes rougher which reduced the void content in the fibres. The fibres that were alkali-treated using NaOH solutions of various concentrations as well as the untreated one were subjected to single fibre testing. From the results of the single fibre testing, it is revealed that the 10.5% alkali-treated Napier grass fibres yielded the maximum and highest strength. This further signifies that alkali pre-treatment has significant impact on the production of MDF board from the non-wood fibres biomass such as Napier fibre.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83123591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Structural Integration of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers with Multi-layer Graphene Patches","authors":"Alieze A.B., B. Dreyer, J. Aprojanz, C. Tegenkamp, F. Renz, R. Sindelar","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Among the carbon based nanostructured materials, Carbon Nanofibers (CNF) have got unique prominence since past decade due to excellent mechanical and electrical properties combined by their cheap and easy fabrication process. CNF with graphene layered structure were developed by electrospinning of PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) and subsequent post treatments under specialized conditions. The assembly of graphene layers in the form of patches on the CNF surface was examined by Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Structural changes of CNF under different temperatures from 800°C 1500°C in reducing atmosphere have been investigated. Crystallite size, ID/IG, and FWHM for D and G characteristic bands were evaluated via Raman peak fitting and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Results have shown that CNF carbonized at 1500°C with prior external straining (creep stress) applied during the oxidative stabilization process showed emergence of a symmetrical sharp 2D peak in Raman spectrum with I2D/IG ratio of nearly multi-layer graphene. High temperature heat treatment along with creep stress during the stabilization process results in transforming more of the amorphous carbon into the ordered graphitic domains, leading to assembly of graphene layers on carbon nanofiber surface.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The re-emergence of sodium ion batteries: testing, processing, and manufacturability.","authors":"Samuel Roberts, Emma Kendrick","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S146365","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S146365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the re-emergence of sodium ion batteries (NIBs), we discuss the reasons for the recent interests in this technology and discuss the synergies between lithium ion battery (LIB) and NIB technologies and the potential for NIB as a \"drop-in\" technology for LIB manufacturing. The electrochemical testing of sodium materials in sodium metal anode arrangements is reviewed. The performance, stability, and polarization of the sodium in these test cells lead to alternative testing in three-electrode and alternative anode cell configurations. NIB manufacturability is also discussed, together with the impact that the material stability has upon the electrodes and coating. Finally, full-cell NIB technologies are reviewed, and literature proof-of-concept cells give an idea of some of the key differences in the testing protocols of these batteries. For more commercially relevant formats, safety, passive voltage control through cell balancing and cell formation aspects are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/b5/nsa-11-023.PMC5989704.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36228769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid structures based on gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots for biosensor applications.","authors":"Margarita Kurochkina,&nbsp;Elena Konshina,&nbsp;Aleksandr Oseev,&nbsp;Soeren Hirsch","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S155045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S155045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The luminescence amplification of semiconductor quantum dots (QD) in the presence of self-assembled gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is one of way for creating biosensors with highly efficient transduction.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objective of this study was to fabricate the hybrid structures based on semiconductor CdSe/ZnS QDs and Au NP arrays and to use them as biosensors of protein.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this paper, the hybrid structures based on CdSe/ZnS QDs and Au NP arrays were fabricated using spin coating processes. Au NP arrays deposited on a glass wafer were investigated by optical microscopy and absorption spectroscopy depending on numbers of spin coating layers and their baking temperature. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the target protein analyte in a phosphate buffer. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to study the luminescent properties of Au NP/QD hybrid structures and to test BSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dimensions of Au NP aggregates increased and the space between them decreased with increasing processing temperature. At the same time, a blue shift of the plasmon resonance peak in the absorption spectra of Au NP arrays was observed. The deposition of CdSe/ZnS QDs with a core diameter of 5 nm on the surface of the Au NP arrays caused an increase in absorption and a red shift of the plasmon peak in the spectra. The exciton-plasmon enhancement of the QDs' photoluminescence intensity has been obtained at room temperature for hybrid structures with Au NPs array pretreated at temperatures of 100°C and 150°C. It has been found that an increase in the weight content of BSA increases the photoluminescence intensity of such hybrid structures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ability of the qualitative and quantitative determination of protein content in solution using the Au NP/QD structures as an optical biosensor has been shown experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NSA.S155045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36074738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles from orange waste: effects of distinct biomolecule coatings on size, morphology, and antimicrobial activity.","authors":"Caio Henrique Nasi de Barros,&nbsp;Guilherme Crispim Faria Cruz,&nbsp;Willian Mayrink,&nbsp;Ljubica Tasic","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S156115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S156115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite the numerous reports on biological syntheses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), little is known about the composition of their capping agents, protein corona of plant extract-mediated synthesis, and their influence on the properties of AgNPs. Here, orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) waste was utilized as a source of an extract for AgNP synthesis (the protein corona composition of which was elucidated), and also as a starting material for hesperidin and nanocellulose extraction, which were used for bio-based AgNP synthesis. A comparison of the results using the two methods of synthesis is presented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AgNPs were synthesized using orange (<i>C. sinensis</i>) peel extract (Or-AgNPs) in a biological route, and using hesperidin (Hsd-AgNPs) and nanocellulose (extracted from oranges) in a green chemical route. Characterization of nanoparticles was carried out using zeta potential and hydrodynamic size measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Elucidation of proteins from protein corona was performed via ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer experiments. Antimicrobial activity was assessed via minimum inhibitory concentration assays against <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>citri</i> (<i>Xac</i>), the bacterium that causes citric canker in oranges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Or-AgNPs were not completely uniform in morphology, having a size of 48.1±20.5 nm and a zeta potential of -19.0±0.4 mV. Stabilization was performed mainly by three proteins, which were identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments. Hsd-AgNPs were smaller (25.4±12.5 nm) and had uniform morphology. Nanocellulose provided a strong steric and electrostatic (-28.2±1.0 mV) stabilization to the nanoparticles. Both AgNPs presented roughly the same activity against <i>Xac</i>, with the minimum inhibitory concentration range between 22 and 24 μg mL^-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the fact that different capping biomolecules on AgNPs had an influence on morphology, size, and stability of AgNPs, the antibacterial activity against <i>Xac</i> was not sensitive to this parameter. Moreover, three proteins from the protein corona of Or-AgNPs were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NSA.S156115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}