Nature Reviews Microbiology最新文献_第4页

Bacterial lipid structural diversity mediates commensalism and pathogenesis 细菌脂质结构多样性介导共栖和发病机制。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01351-6

Stacey L. Heaver, Ruth E. Ley

{"title":"Bacterial lipid structural diversity mediates commensalism and pathogenesis","authors":"Stacey L. Heaver, Ruth E. Ley","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01351-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01351-6","url":null,"abstract":"The human immune system must continuously distinguish between pathogenic bacteria and the numerous symbiotic bacteria that live in and on our bodies. In part, this distinction is driven by host sensing of specific lipid structures that comprise the bacterial membrane. Bacterial lipids from commensal and pathogenic bacteria alike are sensed via lipid recognition receptors, initiating downstream responses in the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, structural variations in the lipids from commensal bacteria tend to enable overall less stimulatory or more immunomodulatory outcomes following host recognition. This contributes to homeostatic immunity in their hosts, supporting normal immune development, proper immune responses and functional gut physiology. Conversely, in some pathogens, similar lipid modifications enable evasion or modulation of the immune system. Here, we review how the detection of pathogenic and commensal lipids via Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4 and CD1 lipid antigen presentation is mediated by bacterial lipid structure, with subsequent outcomes on host physiology. In this Review, Heaver and Ley overview the different lipid structures present in commensal and pathogenic bacteria and their recognition by Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4 and CD1 molecules, highlighting the different effects on host immune responses.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 11","pages":"754-770"},"PeriodicalIF":104.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil microbial conservation cannot rely on above-ground biodiversity. 土壤微生物保护不能依赖于地上的生物多样性。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01358-z

Shuo Liu, Bruce A Hungate, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Richard D Bardgett, Yongfu Li, Ji Chen

引用次数: 0

Infectious diseases in a changing climate 气候变化带来的传染病

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01346-3

引用次数: 0

Mycobacterium tuberculosis outpaces antibiotic treatment 结核分枝杆菌的治疗速度超过抗生素治疗。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01357-0

Andrea Du Toit

引用次数: 0

More resources, less microbial diversity 资源越来越多，微生物多样性却越来越少。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01356-1

Agustina Taglialegna

引用次数: 0

Within-host gene transfer drives tobramycin resistance 宿主内基因转移驱动妥布霉素耐药性。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01355-2

Agustina Taglialegna

引用次数: 0

Impacts of pollution on the soil microbiome. 污染对土壤微生物群的影响。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01350-7

Yong-Guan Zhu, Dong Zhu, Qing-Lin Chen, Matthias C Rillig

{"title":"Impacts of pollution on the soil microbiome.","authors":"Yong-Guan Zhu, Dong Zhu, Qing-Lin Chen, Matthias C Rillig","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01350-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-026-01350-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil microbiomes underpin terrestrial ecosystem functioning and drive nutrient cycling, plant productivity and ecological resilience. However, diverse pollutants, ranging from heavy metals and pesticides to plastics, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and nanomaterials, are reshaping microbial communities in ways that threaten soil health and broader ecological stability. Thus, soils are hotspots of microbial evolution under chemical mixtures. Pollution alters microbial diversity, composition and functional capacity through mechanisms such as direct toxicity, shifts in soil chemistry and selective evolutionary pressures. These disruptions impair nutrient cycling, destabilize plant-microorganism interactions and accelerate the spread of antimicrobial resistance, with cascading effects on food webs and human health under a One Health framework. At the same time, soil microbiomes can serve as indicators of ecosystem stress and as tools for bioremediation and ecological restoration. This Review synthesizes current understanding of terrestrial pollution-microbiome interactions, highlights functional and health implications, and explores how microbiome-informed approaches can guide sustainable soil management and environmental protection under global change, while identifying key knowledge gaps and outlining future research directions for predictive and integrative microbiome-based solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":104.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Host–microbiota–pathogen interactions drive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis 宿主-微生物-病原体相互作用驱动肠沙门氏菌血清型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌发病。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-07-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01348-1

Andrés Vázquez-Torres

{"title":"Host–microbiota–pathogen interactions drive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenesis","authors":"Andrés Vázquez-Torres","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01348-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01348-1","url":null,"abstract":"In immunocompetent hosts, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium typically causes transient intestinal blooms with acute diarrhoea, followed by asymptomatic systemic carriage with intermittent reactivation. Inflammation elicited by bistable expression of type III secretion systems and pathogen-associated signals shapes Salmonella pathogenesis in both the intestine and systemic tissues. Inflammation is a two-sided coin that, over time, can either benefit or harm the host, microbiota and Salmonella. The host deploys the inflammasome, hypoxia and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in both intestinal and systemic tissues, but the effectors of these responses are cell-specific and tissue-specific. Salmonella fine-tunes its metabolism and virulence programmes in response to chemical and physical cues derived from the microbiota and from heterogeneous host cells that vary in embryonic origin, architecture and activation states. Similar to its host, Salmonella undergoes coordinated virulence, metabolic, redox and energetic reprogramming with outcomes tailored to specific host cells and tissues. Paradoxically, Salmonella often exploits common signalling and metabolic pathways to support rapid growth in the gut lumen and in the cytosol of enterocytes while sustaining an energy-conserving and metabolic-conserving survival strategy in viscera. In this Review, I discuss current perspectives of how the dynamic interplay between microbial competition, host defences and Salmonella countermeasures determines the outcome of infection ranging from acute gastroenteritis to quiescent chronic infection. In this Review, Vázquez-Torres discusses our current understanding of how the dynamic interplay between microbial competition, host defences and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium countermeasures determines the outcome of infection.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 11","pages":"804-820"},"PeriodicalIF":104.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eggerthella lenta: metabolism, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications 大卵杆菌：代谢、发病机制及治疗意义。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-07-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01344-5

Rachel Rock, Shenwei Zhang, Cecilia Noecker, Peter J. Turnbaugh

{"title":"Eggerthella lenta: metabolism, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications","authors":"Rachel Rock, Shenwei Zhang, Cecilia Noecker, Peter J. Turnbaugh","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01344-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01344-5","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a tremendous body of literature on environmental Actinomycetota, their role in the human gut remains poorly understood. In this Review, we highlight the representative species Eggerthella lenta, which has emerged as a major player in the gut microbiota and is increasingly amenable to mechanistic dissection. We discuss the unique metabolic niche of this asaccharolytic obligate anaerobe, including growth on amino acids and short-chain fatty acids, versatile anaerobic respiratory capacity, and the extensive biotransformation of endogenous, diet-derived and pharmaceutical small molecules. E. lenta is associated with a wide range of chronic diseases in humans and sufficient to exacerbate disease in preclinical models, prompting a renewed consideration of the pathogenic potential of this common member of the gut microbiota. Further mechanistic dissection coupled with the development of microbiome-editing tools is essential to understand E. lenta and its multifaceted contributions to gut microbial ecology and host pathophysiology. Advancing microbiome research beyond well-studied bacterial species is key to understanding the full functional diversity and potential of the human gut microbiome. In this Review, Turnbaugh and colleagues explore the unique metabolism and pathogenic potential of Eggerthella lenta, supporting the feasibility and utility of studying diverse human-associated bacterial species.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 11","pages":"790-803"},"PeriodicalIF":104.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune safeguarding as a conserved principle of antiviral defence 免疫保护作为抗病毒防御的保守原则

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01349-0

David Mayo-Muñoz, Eugene V. Koonin, Rafael Pinilla-Redondo, Leise Riber

引用次数: 0