Mrs Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Laser as a toolbox for wood processing and functionalization.","authors":"Yong Ding, Christopher H Dreimol, Mélanie Rouèche, Armin Stumpp, Ronald Holtz, Chris Zhou, Orlando J Rojas, Ingo Burgert","doi":"10.1557/s43577-026-01063-5","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-026-01063-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wood is a unique natural resource widely utilized for various applications, and its processing has a significant role in enabling its sustainable development. Laser technology has emerged as a powerful and precise tool for the functionalization and processing of wood materials, offering flexibility and sustainability benefits. This article explores the principles of laser-wood interactions, covering photothermal, photochemical, and photomechanical processes. We identified key parameters that influence laser processing efficiency, such as laser pulse, laser wavelength, and wood material composition. It highlights novel applications of laser processing, from enhancing permeability through laser cutting or drilling, to enabling it with new properties or functions via surface laser treatment technologies such as laser-induced graphene. Furthermore, the review discusses future perspectives of laser-assisted wood engineering, highlighting its critical role in driving sustainable practices and innovations in wood materials technology.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Overview of laser-wood interaction categories and applications. LIG, laser-induced graphene.</p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"51 5","pages":"516-531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optically active spins in van der Waals materials and devices.","authors":"Carmem M Gilardoni, Hannah L Stern, Mete Atatüre","doi":"10.1557/s43577-026-01062-6","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-026-01062-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Layered materials offer a singular, versatile platform for the development of quantum communication and sensing applications based on optically addressable spins. Insulating and semiconducting layered materials host optically addressable spins that can be created via top-down and bottom-up approaches, and recent advances with photonic and electronic devices can achieve <i>in situ</i> manipulation of their optical and spin transitions. Combined with the large variety of naturally occurring and artificially synthesized layered materials, van der Waals (vdW) materials provide extensive opportunities, from novel defect engineering to scalable device engineering. However, challenges include identification of the microscopic configuration of the atomic and electronic structures that give rise to optically addressable spins in these materials, as well as achieving the desired level of reproducibility at defect, material, and device levels simultaneously. Here, we present an overview of the recent advances in these areas, including a discussion of the microscopic origin of some of the quantum emitters in vdW materials, as well as strategies toward developing functional devices based on these systems.</p><p><strong>Graphic abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic concepts of grain-boundary structure and phase behavior: From theory and experiments to material properties.","authors":"Shen Dillon, Gerhard Dehm","doi":"10.1557/s43577-025-01040-4","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-025-01040-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Understanding and controlling structure-processing-properties-performance relationships form the central pillar of materials science and engineering. Formation of phases and evolution of material imperfections (defects) provides the two primary features of a system that enables control of these relationships. Although the impact of imperfections such as dislocations or grain boundaries on material properties has been explored quite deeply, little is known about the thermodynamic phases of the defects themselves. In recent decades, a growing appreciation for the occurrence of phase transformations of surfaces and grain boundaries has emerged. This concept of grain-boundary phase transformation and its impact on properties is at the core of this issue and introductory article. The thermodynamic fundamentals will be explained, experimental and theoretical tools to uncover grain-boundary phases and related property changes are discussed and applied to different material systems. In addition, we also want to look beyond and introduce the readers to novel findings on phase transformations of other defects, such as dislocations. In several cases, phase transformations of defects have been demonstrated to dramatically affect their properties and in turn, the overall properties of the bulk materials containing them. The additional ability to control materials properties and performance by tailoring both defect distributions and their thermodynamic phase state motivate ongoing theoretical, computational, and experimental efforts to understand and control defect phase behavior.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Grain boundary with two different phases. Properties like grain growth, conductivity, strength and fracture as well as thermal transport are impacted by grain boundary phases. Schematic created by Pankti Mehta (MPI SusMat) based on a TEM image of Lena Langenohl and atomistic grain boundary structures obtained by atomistic simulations by Tobias Brink (ref.16).</p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"51 2","pages":"138-151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and composition of grain boundaries and their impact on functional properties of energy materials.","authors":"Oana Cojocaru-Mirédin, Elisa Wade, Yuan Yu, Jian Luo","doi":"10.1557/s43577-025-01038-y","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-025-01038-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the impact of grain boundary structures and compositions on the functional properties of various materials for photovoltaics, batteries, and other energy-related applications. Examples of correlative microscopy studies highlight the potential to discover structure-property relationships at grain boundaries, essential for the design of energy devices to achieve superior performance. A grain boundary transition that promotes grain growth and reduces the boundary resistance in solid electrolytes is given as an example. A key focus will be on transport phenomena at grain boundaries, including mass, thermal, electrical, and ionic transport mechanisms. These transport phenomena are directly correlated with the charge defects that lead to a buildup of electric charges and potential barriers at the grain boundaries. In addition, applied electric fields can also induce boundary transitions that can affect grain boundary transport and other properties. Finally, we demonstrate that these potential barrier heights can be tuned by modulating the chemical composition, structure, and carrier concentration of the grain boundaries.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Obtaining grain boundaries (GBs) with superior properties based on the correlation between the structure, composition, and electronic properties at the GB level.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1557/s43577-025-01038-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"51 2","pages":"189-201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-demand biofilm removal by shape-memory triggered local changes in surface topography.","authors":"Wenhan Zhao, Zehui Han, Huan Gu, Dacheng Ren","doi":"10.1557/s43577-025-01024-4","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-025-01024-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract: &lt;/strong&gt;Bacterial pathogens can form biofilms on implanted biomedical devices, causing persistent infections that are highly tolerant to antibiotics. Previously, we reported a strategy of biofilm control based on dynamic topography, which effectively removes biofilms via horizontal contraction of the substrate surface of a shape-memory polymer (SMP) upon triggered shape recovery. This method is effective and species nonspecific; however, alterations in the bulk material profile limit its applications. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that biofilm can be removed by changes in local topography without altering the shape of the bulk material. Acrylate-based SMPs were prepared to obtain transition temperature of 40℃ to trigger shape recovery in aqueous environment within 10 min. Micron-scale square patterns that are about 6-µm tall with varying width and spacing were prepared by hot compression against PDMS with complementary patterns, while maintaining the bulk shape of the material unchanged. The results demonstrated effective on-demand biofilm removal (e.g., 48 h biofilms of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt; and 24 h biofilms of &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; were removed by 71.5% and 70.6%, respectively). In addition, shape recovery triggered topographic changes increased antibiotic susceptibility of attached bacterial cells. Overall, the results from this study demonstrated the feasibility to remove biofilms without changing the shape of the bulk material. These findings are helpful for engineering better antifouling materials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Impact statement: &lt;/strong&gt;Bacterial biofilms are the root cause of persistent infections associated with implanted biomaterials. Conventional treatments with antibiotics are often ineffective and promote the development of bacterial drug resistance. Thus, we are motivated to engineer new biomaterials that are self-defensive against bacterial colonization. Previously, we reported that shape-memory polymers (SMPs) can be programed to change the bulk shape (via horizontal stretch) on-demand and effectively remove bacterial biofilms. In this study, we further developed this strategy to control shape change of surface topography alone. The SMP surfaces programmed with microscale square-shaped features were fabricated, which were able to revert to flat surfaces upon triggering with moderate temperature change and disrupt bacterial biofilms (~70%). The shape recovery was limited to surface topography with the bulk shape unchanged. In addition to biofilm removal, shape recovery also enhanced the antibiotic susceptibility of remaining biofilm cells. Further research could explore various forms of surface topographies and different stimuli to enable more effective and reversible changes. In summary, this study reports a new strategy for biofilm control. With further development, it could help reduce medical device-associated infections and biofouling in industrial settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Graphical a","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"51 2","pages":"128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optically addressable molecular spin qubits.","authors":"Sarah K Mann, Sam L Bayliss","doi":"10.1557/s43577-026-01071-5","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-026-01071-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optically addressable molecular spins are a promising qubit platform, combining the chemical versatility, atomistic tunability, nanoscale modularity, and structural diversity of molecules with the coherence, detection sensitivity, and remote connectivity of optically readable spins. Here, we review progress developing and deploying optically readable molecular spin qubits and the key opportunities they present, with a particular focus on quantum sensing. We survey key criteria for realizing optically addressable spin qubits in molecules; discuss existing and emerging platforms-spanning coordination complexes, organic molecules, and both ground and excited-state spins; and outline emerging applications, open challenges, and opportunities for combining the richness of chemical systems with the power of optically readable spin qubits.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Optically addressable molecular spins as chemically versatile qubits.</p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"51 3","pages":"312-327"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect phases beyond grain boundaries.","authors":"Sandra Korte-Kerzel, Timothy J Rupert, Daniel S Gianola, Stefanie Sandlöbes-Haut, Zhuocheng Xie","doi":"10.1557/s43577-025-01044-0","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-025-01044-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Defects are fundamental to the behavior and performance of structural materials, yet their treatment in alloy design has often been decoupled from thermodynamic considerations of phase stability. The emerging concept of \"defect phases\" - chemically and structurally distinct configurations at lattice defects - offers a unified framework that integrates defect chemistry, thermodynamic stability, and mechanical behavior. While grain-boundary (two-dimensional) defect phases have gained recent attention, this article expands the scope to include defect phases across all dimensionalities, with a particular emphasis on dislocations (one-dimensional) as mobile carriers of plastic deformation and sites of complex phase behavior. We discuss how point, line, and planar defects can host distinct defect phases, how these phases compete for solute atoms, and how their stability can be mapped using defect phase diagrams constructed in chemical potential space. Through selected case studies in metallic solid solutions and ordered intermetallics, including Laves, B2, and µ-phases, we illustrate how dislocation-based defect phases can influence plasticity, strengthen alloys, or even drive local transformations that modify mechanical properties. By bridging defect physics with materials thermodynamics, we advocate for a defect phase-informed design paradigm that connects atomic-scale phenomena to bulk processing and performance.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"51 2","pages":"202-213"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern strategies in classical fields of nanoindentation: Semiconductors, ceramics, and thin films.","authors":"Xufei Fang, André Clausner, Andrea M Hodge, Marco Sebastiani","doi":"10.1557/s43577-025-00923-w","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-025-00923-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past three decades, nanoindentation has continuously evolved and transformed the field of materials mechanical testing. Once highlighted by the groundbreaking Oliver-Pharr method, the utility of nanoindentation has transcended far beyond modulus and hardness measurements. Today, with increasing challenges in developing advanced energy generation and electronics technologies, we face a growing demand for accelerated materials discovery and efficient assessment of mechanical properties that are coupled with modern machine learning-assisted approaches, most of which require robust experimental validation and verification. To this end, nanoindentation finds its unique strength, owing to its small-volume requirement, of fast-probing and providing a mechanistic understanding of various materials. As such, this technique meets the demand for rapid materials assessment, including semiconductors, ceramics, and thin films, which are integral to next-generation energy-efficient and high-power electronic devices. Here, we highlight modern nanoindentation strategies using novel experimental protocols outlined by the use of nanoindentation for characterizing functional structures, dislocation engineering, high-speed nanoindentation mapping, and accelerating materials discovery via thin-film libraries. We demonstrate that nanoindentation can be a powerful tool for probing the fundamental mechanisms of elasticity, plasticity, and fracture over a wide range of microstructures, offering versatile opportunities for the development and transition of functional materials.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Modern strategies for nanoindentation in electronic systems, functional ceramics, heterogeneous structures, and thin films.</p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"50 6","pages":"726-734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing new depths of information with indentation mapping of microstructures.","authors":"Edoardo Rossi, Christophe Tromas, Zhiying Liu, Yu Zou, Jeffrey M Wheeler","doi":"10.1557/s43577-025-00919-6","DOIUrl":"10.1557/s43577-025-00919-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoindentation is crucial in materials science for assessing mechanical properties in submicrometer volumes, and high-speed nanoindentation mapping has evolved it from a localized measurement technique into a scanning-probe-like approach for microstructures, delivering large-area, high-resolution mechanical property maps with more than 200,000 indents in hours. Such mapping enables direct imaging of hardness and modulus variations, phase boundaries, and local deformation behaviors in materials where heterogeneity governs mechanical performance. By correlating these mechanical maps with composition, orientation, and phase data from complementary analytical techniques, deep multidimensional data sets reveal the complex interplay between structure, processing, and properties. Such data sets increasingly demand advanced statistical clustering, machine learning, and deep learning for classification, trend extraction, and phase identification. Moving forward, high-speed nanoindentation is anticipated to operate under <i>operando</i> conditions and advanced mechanical modalities, offering new insights into interfacial deformation, anisotropic behavior, and the broader challenges of materials design and performance.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Schematic representation of high-speed nanoindentation mapping revealing microstructural heterogeneities in mechanical response. The indenter tip rapidly probes the surface, generating property maps sensitive to features such as twinning, recrystallization, segregation, precipitates, and sintered phases. These mechanical maps can be directly correlated with crystallographic and phase information from Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and elemental composition from Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Measurements can be performed operando, i.e., under real-time and service-relevant environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, atmosphere), enabling direct analysis of structure-property-performance relationships at the microstructural scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"50 6","pages":"715-725"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power management technologies for triboelectric nanogenerators.","authors":"Sijun Du, Philippe Basset, Hengyu Guo, Dimitri Galayko, Armine Karami","doi":"10.1557/s43577-025-00860-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-025-00860-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a novel device that utilizes contact electrification and electrostatic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Its characteristics include high energy density and flexibility, enabling self-powering of electronic devices by harvesting mechanical energy from the environment. Its applications include biomedical devices, wearable electronics, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors. Despite these advantages, extracting electrical energy from TENG remains challenging due to its time-varying nature and low internal capacitance. Effective power-management techniques are essential for TENG energy-harvesting systems, yet research on dedicated integrated power-conversion methods is currently limited. Given the growing interest in TENG, a comprehensive exploration of energy-harvesting systems is critically necessary. This article synthesizes and compares current advancements in triboelectric energy-harvesting systems, emphasizing strategies to enhance output power through various power-conversion techniques. Additionally, it explores techniques employed in other energy-harvesting systems to inspire innovative approaches in TENG system design.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":"50 3","pages":"305-314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}