Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology最新文献_第3页

Gut microbiome: a biomedical revolution 肠道微生物组：一场生物医学革命

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01001-3

Maria Carmen Collado, Suzanne Devkota, Tarini Shankar Ghosh

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Intestinal tuft cells can act as injury-resistant stem cells 肠簇细胞可作为抗损伤干细胞

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01016-w

Caroline Barranco

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Bitter taste receptors as sensors of gut luminal contents 作为肠腔内容物传感器的苦味感受器

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01005-z

Catia Sternini, Enrique Rozengurt

{"title":"Bitter taste receptors as sensors of gut luminal contents","authors":"Catia Sternini, Enrique Rozengurt","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-01005-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-01005-z","url":null,"abstract":"Taste is important in the selection of food and is orchestrated by a group of distinct receptors, the taste G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Taste 1 receptors (Tas1rs in mice and TAS1Rs in humans; also known as T1Rs) detect sweet and umami tastes, and taste 2 receptors (Tas2rs in mice and TAS2Rs in humans; also known as T2Rs) detect bitterness. These receptors are also expressed in extraoral sites, including the gastrointestinal mucosa. Tas2rs/TAS2Rs have gained interest as potential targets to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. These bitter taste receptors are expressed in functionally distinct types of gastrointestinal mucosal cells, including enteroendocrine cells, which, upon stimulation, increase intracellular Ca2+ and release signalling molecules that regulate gut chemosensory processes critical for digestion and absorption of nutrients, for neutralization and expulsion of harmful substances, and for metabolic regulation. Expression of Tas2rs/TAS2Rs in gut mucosa is upregulated by high-fat diets, and intraluminal bitter ‘tastants’ affect gastrointestinal functions and ingestive behaviour through local and gut–brain axis signalling. Tas2rs/TAS2Rs are also found in Paneth and goblet cells, which release antimicrobial peptides and glycoproteins, and in tuft cells, which trigger type 2 immune response against parasites, thus providing a direct line of defence against pathogens. This Review will focus on gut Tas2r/TAS2R distribution, signalling and regulation in enteroendocrine cells, supporting their role as chemosensors of luminal content that serve distinct functions as regulators of body homeostasis and immune response.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 庆祝《自然》杂志《胃肠病学与肝病学》创刊 20 周年

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01002-2

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Alcohol-free and low-strength drinks: friend or foe? 无酒精和低浓度饮料：朋友还是敌人？

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01006-y

Thomas Marjot, Ashwin Dhanda

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Bile acid transport inhibitors in paediatric hepatology: more than just an itch 胆汁酸转运抑制剂在儿科肝病中的应用：不仅仅是瘙痒

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01008-w

Tamir Diamond, Binita M. Kamath

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Host–pathobiont interactions in Crohn’s disease 克罗恩病中宿主与病原体之间的相互作用

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00997-y

Roberta Caruso, Bernard C. Lo, Grace Y. Chen, Gabriel Núñez

{"title":"Host–pathobiont interactions in Crohn’s disease","authors":"Roberta Caruso, Bernard C. Lo, Grace Y. Chen, Gabriel Núñez","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00997-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00997-y","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that are collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. The majority of symbionts have co-evolved with their host in a mutualistic relationship that benefits both. Under certain conditions, such as in Crohn’s disease, a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, some symbionts bloom to cause disease in genetically susceptible hosts. Although the identity and function of disease-causing microorganisms or pathobionts in Crohn’s disease remain largely unknown, mounting evidence from animal models suggests that pathobionts triggering Crohn’s disease-like colitis inhabit certain niches and penetrate the intestinal tissue to trigger inflammation. In this Review, we discuss the distinct niches occupied by intestinal symbionts and the evidence that pathobionts triggering Crohn’s disease live in the mucus layer or near the intestinal epithelium. We also discuss how Crohn’s disease-associated mutations in the host disrupt intestinal homeostasis by promoting the penetration and accumulation of pathobionts in the intestinal tissue. Finally, we discuss the potential role of microbiome-based interventions in precision therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Crohn’s disease.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142488860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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UEG Week 2024 UEG 2024 周

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01013-z

Katrina Ray

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Delving the depths of ‘terra incognita’ in the human intestine — the small intestinal microbiota 探索人类肠道 "未知领域 "的深处--小肠微生物群

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-01000-4

Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Andrew J. Macpherson

{"title":"Delving the depths of ‘terra incognita’ in the human intestine — the small intestinal microbiota","authors":"Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Andrew J. Macpherson","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-01000-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-01000-4","url":null,"abstract":"The small intestinal microbiota has a crucial role in gastrointestinal health, affecting digestion, immune function, bile acid homeostasis and nutrient metabolism. The challenges of accessibility at this site mean that our knowledge of the small intestinal microbiota is less developed than of the colonic or faecal microbiota. Here, we summarize the features and fluctuations of the microbiota along the small intestinal tract, focusing on humans, and discuss physicochemical factors and assessment methods, including the technical challenges of investigating the low microbial biomass of the proximal small bowel. We highlight the essential protective mechanisms of the small intestine, including motility, the paracellular barrier and mucus, and secretory immunity, to show their roles in limiting excessive exposure of host tissues to microbial metabolites. We address current knowledge gaps, particularly the variability among individuals, the effects of dysbiosis of the small intestinal microbiota on health and how different taxa in small intestinal microbiota could compensate for each other functionally.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Actions of thyroid hormones and thyromimetics on the liver 甲状腺激素和拟甲状腺激素对肝脏的作用

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00991-4

Rohit A. Sinha, Eveline Bruinstroop, Paul M. Yen

{"title":"Actions of thyroid hormones and thyromimetics on the liver","authors":"Rohit A. Sinha, Eveline Bruinstroop, Paul M. Yen","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00991-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00991-4","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) are pivotal for metabolic balance in the liver and entire body. Dysregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis can contribute to hepatic metabolic disturbances, affecting lipid metabolism, glucose regulation and protein synthesis. In addition, reductions in circulating and intrahepatic thyroid hormone concentrations increase the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by inducing lipotoxicity, inflammation and fibrosis. Amelioration of hepatic metabolic disease by thyroid hormones in preclinical and clinical studies has spurred the development of thyromimetics that target THRB (the predominant thyroid hormone receptor isoform in the liver) and/or the liver itself to provide more selective activation of hepatic thyroid hormone-regulated metabolic pathways while reducing thyrotoxic side effects in tissues that predominantly express THRA such as the heart and bone. Resmetirom, a liver and THRB-selective thyromimetic, recently became the first FDA-approved drug for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Thus, a better understanding of the metabolic actions of thyroid hormones and thyromimetics in the liver is timely and clinically relevant. Here, we describe the roles of thyroid hormones in normal liver function and pathogenesis of MASH, as well as some potential clinical issues that might arise when treating patients with MASH with thyroid hormone supplementation or thyromimetics.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0