Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology最新文献_第3页

Public health policies to prevent alcohol-related liver disease 预防与酒精有关的肝病的公共卫生政策

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01084-6

Richard Parker, Juan P. Arab, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Ramon Bataller, Ashwani K. Singal

{"title":"Public health policies to prevent alcohol-related liver disease","authors":"Richard Parker, Juan P. Arab, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Ramon Bataller, Ashwani K. Singal","doi":"10.1038/s41575-025-01084-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-025-01084-6","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality around the world, with a substantial cost to individuals and to health-care systems. The incidence of ALD is closely associated with alcohol intake, and it is a preventable disease. There is clear evidence that public health measures to reduce alcohol consumption are effective, which in turn can have a positive effect on ALD. Effective policy includes controlling the price of alcohol, limiting or banning alcohol advertising and restricting the availability of alcohol. The strength of public health policy depends on the political willingness to develop robust strategies. However, effective lobbying of policy-makers by the alcohol industry and lack of political will are barriers to the implementation of these measures, resulting in suboptimal national alcohol control policies. Clinicians are well-placed to campaign for effective public health policy regarding alcohol to reduce the prevalence of ALD for the benefit of patients, their families and wider society. In this Perspective, we summarize the evidence for public health policies that affect alcohol consumption and the prevalence of ALD.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The gut microbiome connects nutrition and human health 肠道微生物群将营养和人体健康联系在一起

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01077-5

Yolanda Sanz, John F. Cryan, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Eran Elinav, Rebekka Lambrecht, Patrick Veiga

{"title":"The gut microbiome connects nutrition and human health","authors":"Yolanda Sanz, John F. Cryan, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Eran Elinav, Rebekka Lambrecht, Patrick Veiga","doi":"10.1038/s41575-025-01077-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-025-01077-5","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome has an undeniable role in mediating the health effects of the diet, given its ability to co-digest nutrients and influence nutrient signalling to multiple organ systems. As a suboptimal diet is a major risk factor for and contributor to disease, understanding the multidirectional interactions between the food we eat, the gut microbiome and the different body organ systems is crucial from a public health perspective. Indeed, this research area is leading to the refinement of nutritional concepts and strategies to optimize health through diet. In this Review, we provide an update on how dietary patterns and food intake shape gut microbiome features, the mode of action of diet–microorganism interactions on the immune, nervous and cardiometabolic systems and how this knowledge could explain the heterogeneity of dietary responses, and support food-based dietary guidelines and medical and precision nutrition. Finally, we discuss the knowledge gaps and research efforts needed to progress towards the integration of microbiome science with more precise dietary advice to leverage the role of nutrition in human health.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prioritizing inflammatory bowel disease 优先考虑炎症性肠病

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01078-4

引用次数: 0

Redefining cancer care: the case for an onco-gastroenterology subspecialty 重新定义癌症治疗：肿瘤-胃肠病学亚专科的案例

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01076-6

Rashid Lui, Renu Dhanasekaran, Yu Bin Tan, Claudia Wing-Kwan Wu, Jan Bornschein, Daniel Q. Huang, Arndt Vogel, Shilpa Grover

引用次数: 0

Menopause and gastrointestinal health and disease 更年期与胃肠健康和疾病

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01075-7

Dana Ley, Sumona Saha

{"title":"Menopause and gastrointestinal health and disease","authors":"Dana Ley, Sumona Saha","doi":"10.1038/s41575-025-01075-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-025-01075-7","url":null,"abstract":"Menopause has far-reaching effects on human physiology, including the gastrointestinal tract, and can negatively influence the quality of life of women who are affected. Menopause can have multiple effects on gastrointestinal function, including altering gut motility and changing the composition of the gut microbiota. As a result, some gastrointestinal and hepatic conditions are more common among individuals in peri- and postmenopause, and people with these conditions before menopause might also experience greater symptom severity and worse health-related quality of life during this time. The use of hormone replacement therapy to treat menopausal symptoms might also affect gastrointestinal health and well-being. Individuals in postmenopause are at risk for bone remodelling and osteoporosis due to ageing and loss of sex hormones. However, secondary osteoporosis can also occur due to medications used to treat gastrointestinal conditions (for example, glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive medications) and the conditions themselves (for example, autoimmune disease or coeliac disease). Although all people who menstruate will eventually transition to menopause, there are relatively few studies evaluating the effect of menopause on gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life. This Review aims to summarize available evidence and highlight areas where research is needed.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SSRIs and depression: role of gut–brain communication ssri类药物与抑郁症：肠脑通讯的作用

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01082-8

Lin Y. Hung

{"title":"SSRIs and depression: role of gut–brain communication","authors":"Lin Y. Hung","doi":"10.1038/s41575-025-01082-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-025-01082-8","url":null,"abstract":"The development of antidepressant drugs was largely based on the notion that a deficiency of monoaminergic function, specifically noradrenaline, was thought to contribute to depression. The first-generation antidepressant drugs, tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, were therefore developed to inhibit either monoamine reuptake or its degradation, respectively. Although both drug classes were somewhat effective, they were fraught with adverse effects (such as dizziness, constipation and high toxicity of monoamine oxidase inhibitors), which were largely attributable to their lack of target specificity.In addition to noradrenaline, serotonin (also known as 5-HT) was another monoamine yet to be discovered as a crucial regulator of mood. In 1974, a seminal study described the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine hydrochloride, to exclusively inhibit 5-HT uptake. Using an ex vivo rat brain, Wong et al. showed selective inhibition of 5-HT uptake into synaptosomes of fluoxetine-treated brains (cerebral cortex and brainstem), without affecting the uptake of other monoamines. When compared with another tricyclic antidepressant, chlorimipramine (also known as clomipramine), fluoxetine was notably more effective (56% versus 24%) at inhibiting 5-HT uptake with a sustained inhibitory effect, lasting 24 hours. After identifying that inhibiting 5-HT reuptake could treat depression, the same research group later successfully treated patients with major depression with fluoxetine, while observing minimal adverse effects commonly observed with other antidepressants.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging the gap: increasing MENA representation in MASLD clinical trials 弥合差距：增加MENA在MASLD临床试验中的代表性

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01081-9

Mohamed El-Kassas

引用次数: 0

Hepatic stellate cells: balancing homeostasis, hepatoprotection and fibrogenesis in health and disease 肝星状细胞：健康和疾病中的平衡稳态、肝保护和纤维形成

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01068-6

Robert F. Schwabe, David A. Brenner

{"title":"Hepatic stellate cells: balancing homeostasis, hepatoprotection and fibrogenesis in health and disease","authors":"Robert F. Schwabe, David A. Brenner","doi":"10.1038/s41575-025-01068-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-025-01068-6","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decades, the pathogenic role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the development of liver fibrosis and its complications has been deeply characterized, rendering HSCs a primary target for antifibrotic therapies. By contrast, the beneficial roles of HSCs in liver homeostasis and liver disease are only beginning to emerge, revealing critical regulatory and fibrosis-independent functions in hepatic zonation, metabolism, injury, regeneration and non-parenchymal cell identity. Here, we review how HSC mediators, such as R-spondin 3, hepatocyte growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins, regulate critical and homeostatic liver functions in health and disease via cognate receptors in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and endothelial cells. We highlight how the balance shifts from protective towards fibropathogenic HSC mediators during the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) and the impact of this shifted balance on patient outcomes. Notably, the protective roles of HSCs are not accounted for in current therapeutic concepts for CLD. We discuss the concept that reverting the HSC balance from fibrogenesis towards hepatoprotection might represent a novel holistic treatment approach to inhibit fibrogenesis and restore epithelial health in CLD simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of the enteric nervous system in the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection 肠神经系统在艰难梭菌感染发病机制中的作用

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01071-x

Deiziane V. S. Costa, Beatriz Thomasi, Gerly A. C. Brito, Brian D. Gulbransen, Cirle A. Warren

{"title":"The role of the enteric nervous system in the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection","authors":"Deiziane V. S. Costa, Beatriz Thomasi, Gerly A. C. Brito, Brian D. Gulbransen, Cirle A. Warren","doi":"10.1038/s41575-025-01071-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-025-01071-x","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide. In the USA, C. difficile infection (CDI) is the eighth leading cause for hospital readmission and seventh for mortality among all gastrointestinal disorders. Gastrointestinal dysmotility and/or diarrhoea occurs after the acute phase of CDI, but persistent gastrointestinal dysfunction post-infection supports contributions of neuroplasticity in the enteric nervous system (ENS), which has a key role in regulating intestinal motility and secretion, in the natural course of CDI. Here, our goal is to provide an up-to-date summary of how the ENS and extrinsic innervation of the gut are affected by CDI and how ENS responses contribute to CDI pathogenesis and outcomes. Enteric neurons and glia are targets of C. difficile toxins in humans and in preclinical model, and changes to the ENS and extrinsic innervation contribute to intestinal inflammation, damage and secretory diarrhoea. These findings suggest possible bidirectional interaction between CDI and the ENS. More studies focusing on understanding how various neurotransmitters and mediators released by the ENS and extrinsic neurons modulate immune responses to CDI could provide insight into novel pharmacological approaches to balance the host response, improve the management of CDI and prevent gastrointestinal dysfunction post-infection.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digestive Disease Week 2025 消化疾病周2025

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-025-01083-7

Katrina Ray

{"title":"Digestive Disease Week 2025","authors":"Katrina Ray","doi":"10.1038/s41575-025-01083-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-025-01083-7","url":null,"abstract":"From 3–6 May 2025, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology attended Digestive Disease Week in San Diego, USA. According to the organizers, more than 13,400 people were registered for the conference (in-person and online).As usual, a wide array of sessions was available across basic, translational and clinical science in gastroenterology and hepatology with tantalizing insights into unpublished data from ongoing studies and interim trial results. For basic and translational sciences, cutting-edge talks covered a range of topics, including the small intestinal microbiome, advances in organoid technology and cellular plasticity in metaplasia. Clinical sessions addressed the evolving management of obesity, changes in the global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease, and interventions to reduce disparities and improve care for Native American populations and other minorities. Abstracts featured at the meeting included, among others, an interim analysis from the STENOVA trial, a phase IIa trial of a small molecule inhibitor (AGMB-129, an oral ALK5 inhibitor) for fibrostenotic Crohn’s disease and early insights into the safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamic effects of tolerizing nanoparticles (TPM502) for the treatment of coeliac disease.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0