Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology最新文献_第3页

Digital twins are integral to personalizing medicine and improving public health 数字双胞胎是个性化医疗和改善公共卫生不可或缺的一部分

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00992-3

Brian Johnson, Kit Curtius

引用次数: 0

Interpreting modern randomized controlled trials of medical therapy in inflammatory bowel disease 解读炎症性肠病医学疗法的现代随机对照试验

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00989-y

Christopher Ma, Vipul Jairath, Brian G. Feagan, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvio Danese, Bruce E. Sands, Remo Panaccione

{"title":"Interpreting modern randomized controlled trials of medical therapy in inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Christopher Ma, Vipul Jairath, Brian G. Feagan, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Silvio Danese, Bruce E. Sands, Remo Panaccione","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00989-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41575-024-00989-y","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment options for the medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have expanded substantially over the past decade. Multiple classes of advanced therapies, including both monoclonal antibodies and novel oral small molecules, are now available for the treatment of moderately-to-severely active Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, highlighted by the approvals of the first IL23p19 antagonists, selective Janus kinase inhibitors and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators. These advances have been accompanied by the identification of novel targets and the rapid growth in both the number and size of IBD clinical trials. Over a dozen landmark randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been completed in the past 5 years, including the first head-to-head biologic trials, the first combination biologic studies, and multiple phase III registrational trials of novel compounds with new co-primary and composite end points that will change the treatment landscape for years to come. Importantly, the methodology of RCTs in IBD has evolved substantially, with new trial designs, evaluation of unique patient populations, and different types of efficacy and safety end points being key innovations. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of how modern RCTs of IBD medical therapies have evolved and the implications for their appraisal that will help guide the application of these data to clinical practice. In this Review, Ma and colleagues discuss the evolution in clinical trial designs for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), their implications for clinical care, and identify future directions for the next generation of IBD studies.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":45.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-024-00989-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classifying compounds as prebiotics — scientific perspectives and recommendations 将化合物分类为益生元--科学视角和建议

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00981-6

Robert Hutkins, Jens Walter, Glenn R. Gibson, Cassandre Bedu-Ferrari, Karen Scott, Daniel J. Tancredi, Anisha Wijeyesekera, Mary Ellen Sanders

{"title":"Classifying compounds as prebiotics — scientific perspectives and recommendations","authors":"Robert Hutkins, Jens Walter, Glenn R. Gibson, Cassandre Bedu-Ferrari, Karen Scott, Daniel J. Tancredi, Anisha Wijeyesekera, Mary Ellen Sanders","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00981-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00981-6","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiomes provide key contributions to health and potentially important therapeutic targets. Conceived nearly 30 years ago, the prebiotic concept posits that targeted modulation of host microbial communities through the provision of selectively utilized growth substrates provides an effective approach to improving health. Although the basic tenets of this concept remain the same, it is timely to address certain challenges pertaining to prebiotics, including establishing that prebiotic-induced microbiota modulation causes the health outcome, determining which members within a complex microbial community directly utilize specific substrates in vivo and when those microbial effects sufficiently satisfy selectivity requirements, and clarification of the scientific principles on which the term ‘prebiotic’ is predicated to inspire proper use. In this Expert Recommendation, we provide a framework for the classification of compounds as prebiotics. We discuss ecological principles by which substrates modulate microbiomes and methodologies useful for characterizing such changes. We then propose statistical approaches that can be used to establish causal links between selective effects on the microbiome and health effects on the host, which can help address existing challenges. We use this information to provide the minimum criteria needed to classify compounds as prebiotics. Furthermore, communications to consumers and regulatory approaches to prebiotics worldwide are discussed.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MASLD: a disease in flux MASLD：变化中的疾病

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00990-5

Alina M. Allen, Juan Pablo Arab, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong

引用次数: 0

Dietary and metabolic effects on intestinal stem cells in health and disease 饮食和新陈代谢对健康和疾病中肠干细胞的影响

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00980-7

Jessica E. S. Shay, Ömer H. Yilmaz

{"title":"Dietary and metabolic effects on intestinal stem cells in health and disease","authors":"Jessica E. S. Shay, Ömer H. Yilmaz","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00980-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00980-7","url":null,"abstract":"Diet and nutritional metabolites exhibit wide-ranging effects on health and disease partly by altering tissue composition and function. With rapidly rising rates of obesity, there is particular interest in how obesogenic diets influence tissue homeostasis and risk of tumorigenesis; epidemiologically, these diets have a positive correlation with various cancers, including colorectal cancer. The gastrointestinal tract is a highly specialized, continuously renewing tissue with a fundamental role in nutrient uptake and is, in turn, influenced by diet composition and host metabolic state. Intestinal stem cells are found at the base of the intestinal crypt and can generate all mature lineages that comprise the intestinal epithelium and are uniquely influenced by host diet, metabolic by-products and energy dynamics. Similarly, tumour growth and metabolism can also be shaped by nutrient availability and host diet. In this Review, we discuss how different diets and metabolic changes influence intestinal stem cells in homeostatic and pathological conditions, as well as tumorigenesis. We also discuss how dietary changes and composition affect the intestinal epithelium and its surrounding microenvironment.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapy affects tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer 治疗会影响胰腺癌的肿瘤微环境

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00999-w

Eleni Kotsiliti

引用次数: 0

Tuft cells in the intestine, immunity and beyond 肠道中的簇细胞、免疫力及其他

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00978-1

Xiaogang Feng, Pascal Flüchter, Jeshua C. De Tenorio, Christoph Schneider

{"title":"Tuft cells in the intestine, immunity and beyond","authors":"Xiaogang Feng, Pascal Flüchter, Jeshua C. De Tenorio, Christoph Schneider","doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00978-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00978-1","url":null,"abstract":"Tuft cells have gained substantial attention over the past 10 years due to numerous reports linking them with type 2 immunity and microorganism-sensing capacity in many mucosal tissues. This heightened interest is fuelled by their unique ability to produce an array of biological effector molecules, including IL-25, allergy-related eicosanoids, and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, enabling downstream responses in diverse cell types. Operating through G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signalling pathways reminiscent of type II taste cells in oral taste buds, tuft cells emerge as chemosensory sentinels that integrate luminal conditions, eliciting appropriate responses in immune, epithelial and neuronal populations. How tuft cells promote tissue alterations and adaptation to the variety of stimuli at mucosal surfaces has been explored in multiple studies in the past few years. Since the initial recognition of the role of tuft cells, the discovery of diverse tuft cell effector functions and associated feedback loops have also revealed the complexity of tuft cell biology. Although earlier work largely focused on extraintestinal tissues, novel genetic tools and recent mechanistic studies on intestinal tuft cells established fundamental concepts of tuft cell activation and functions. This Review is an overview of intestinal tuft cells, providing insights into their development, signalling and interaction modules in immunity and other states.","PeriodicalId":18793,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":65.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Justice, equity, diversity and inclusion in gastroenterology and hepatology 肠胃病学和肝病学的公正、公平、多样性和包容性

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00985-2

引用次数: 0

Disease prevention trials in IBD: feasibility to future outlook. IBD 疾病预防试验：从可行性到未来展望。

IF 65.1 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00984-3

Sailish Honap,Nelly Agrinier,Silvio Danese,Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet

引用次数: 0

A resource for the food microbiome and its links with the human microbiome 有关食物微生物群及其与人类微生物群联系的资源。

IF 45.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &Hepatology Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00993-2

Katrina Ray

引用次数: 0