MycosciencePub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.001
Shu-Rong Tang, Shu-Yan Liu, Jing Feng
{"title":"The asexual morph and molecular phylogeny of endemic <i>Phyllactinia verruculosa</i> on <i>Indigofera tinctoria</i>.","authors":"Shu-Rong Tang, Shu-Yan Liu, Jing Feng","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phyllactinia verruculosa</i> is a powdery mildew species (<i>Erysiphaceae</i>, tribe <i>Phyllactinieae</i>) so far only known from its type material collected in China on <i>Indigofera scabrida</i> in 1992, which only comprised the sexual morph. Two asexual morph samples were observed, one was collected on <i>I</i>. <i>tinctoria</i> on the campus of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China, and another one, on <i>I. scabrida</i>, was borrowed from Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The anamorphic characters were observed, described and illustrated. The phylogenetic analysis of the combination of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and 28S rDNA sequences showed that <i>Ph. verruculosa</i> is phylogenetically distantly related from other <i>Phyllactinia</i> species. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the asexual morph and first ITS+28S sequences for <i>Ph. verruculosa</i>, and <i>I. tinctoria</i> is a new host record for this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"63 4","pages":"165-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/8b/MYC-63-165.PMC10012347.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phylogeny and taxonomy of <i>Podosphaera filipendulae</i> (<i>Erysiphaceae</i>) revisited.","authors":"Shu-Yan Liu, Danni Jin, Monika Götz, Michael Bradshaw, Miao Liu, Susumu Takamatsu, Uwe Braun","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phylogeny and taxonomy of <i>Podosphaera filipendulae</i> (including <i>P. filipendulensis</i>, syn. nov.) have been examined. Asian, European and North American collections were examined and the nucleotides sequences of their partial rDNA region were determined. In particular, the relationship between <i>P. filipendulae</i> and <i>P. spiraeae</i> was analysed. The results confirmed <i>P. filipendulae</i> and <i>P. spiraeae</i> as two separate, morphologically similar species. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a similar phylogeny to that of the host genera. Although ITS sequences retrieved from Asian, European and North American specimens of <i>P. filipendulae</i> on various <i>Filipendula</i> spp. are identical to sequences from <i>P. macularis</i> on hop, there is consistently one base substitution at the 5'-end of 28S rRNA gene between the species. This result provides evidence that the hop powdery mildew and <i>P. filipendulae</i> are biologically and morphologically clearly distinguished, and should be maintained as two separate species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 6","pages":"390-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/26/MYC-62-390.PMC9721504.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2021-07-20eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.04.001
Mayu Maeda, Jamjan Meeboon, Vasyl P Heluta, Shu-Yan Liu, Shu Rong Tang, Susumu Takamatsu
{"title":"Phylogeny and taxonomy of <i>Phyllactinia</i> species (powdery mildew: <i>Erysiphaceae</i>) occurring on the ash trees (<i>Fraxinus</i> spp.).","authors":"Mayu Maeda, Jamjan Meeboon, Vasyl P Heluta, Shu-Yan Liu, Shu Rong Tang, Susumu Takamatsu","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Fraxinus</i> (<i>Oleaceae</i>), known as ash trees, currently comprises 43 recognized species that are distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Two <i>Phyllactinia</i> species, <i>P. fraxini</i> and <i>P. fraxinicola</i>, have been known on <i>Fraxinus</i> spp. so far. In this study, powdery mildews belonging to <i>Phyllactinia</i> were collected on <i>Fraxinus</i> spp. from different areas of the world to make molecular and morphological analyses. These specimens are divided into four distinct molecular phylogenetic groups, which are distinguishable by their morphology and/or host preference. Two new species, viz. <i>P. japonica</i> occurring on <i>F. sieboldina</i> and <i>F. lanuginosa</i> f<i>. serrata</i>, and <i>P. fraxini-longicuspidis</i> on <i>F. longicuspis</i>, are proposed in this study. An epitype is designated for <i>P. fraxini</i>. This study indicates very high host specificity among the four <i>Phyllactinia</i> species on <i>Fraxinus</i>, suggesting that genetic isolation by host specificity played a more important role than geographic segregation in the speciation events of these <i>Phyllactinia</i> species. Evolutionary timing calculated by molecular clock analysis suggests that these powdery mildews diverged in accordance with host phylogeny after divergence of host plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 4","pages":"268-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/5a/MYC-62-268.PMC9721523.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phylogenetic placements and cultural characteristics of <i>Tuber</i> species isolated from ectomycorrhizas.","authors":"Keisuke Obase, Satoshi Yamanaka, Akihiko Kinoshita, Yutaka Tamai, Takashi Yamanaka","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2020.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2020.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pure cultures of <i>Tuber</i> were isolated from ectomycorrhizal root tips in <i>Abies sachalinensis</i> plantations in Hokkaido, Japan. Their phylogenetic relationships as well as vegetative hyphal characteristics on culture media were reported. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer within ribosomal DNA settled well-supported eight lineages within <i>Puberulum, Latisporum</i>, and <i>Maculatum</i> clades in <i>Tuber</i>. Three and one lineages were grouped with undescribed species of <i>Puberulum</i> clade in Japan and that of the <i>Latisporum</i> group in China, respectively. Two lineages were closely associated to but distinct from an undescribed species of <i>Puberulum</i> clade in Japan. One lineage did not group with any sequences in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database (INSD), proposing a new taxon in the <i>Latisporum</i> group. One lineage was grouped with <i>T. foetidum</i> in <i>Maculatum</i> clade. All strains in each lineage displayed yellowish white, thin, filamentous colonies on Melin-Norkrans agar medium. Various differences in morphological characteristics of hyphae on pure cultures of various strains were noted, but they were frequently uncommon among strains of the same taxa. Isolation from ectomycorrhizal root tips can be among the effective ways to acquire pure cultures of <i>Tuber</i> strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 2","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/9c/MYC-62-124.PMC9157752.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9392027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification, characterization and expression of <i>A</i>-mating type genes in monokaryons and dikaryons of the edible mushroom <i>Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii</i> (Bunaharitake).","authors":"Rini Riffiani, Fu-Chia Chen, Weitong Zhang, Takayuki Wada, Norihiro Shimomura, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Tadanori Aimi","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying the mating-type in <i>Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii</i> is important for enhancing breeding and cultivation of this edible mushroom. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of the bipolar mating system in <i>M. aitchisonii</i>, the homeodomain protein gene 2 (<i>Mahd2</i>) was characterized. A genomic DNA fragment of <i>Mahd2</i> in <i>M. aitchisonii</i> 50005-18 strain was 1,851 bp long and encoded a protein of 614 amino acids. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression of <i>Mahd2</i> was higher in monokaryotic strains that produced clamp cells than in those that did not. The highest relative expression level of <i>Mahd2</i> was observed in monokaryon TUFC 50005-4, which was capable of forming a true clamp. These results suggested that the formation of clamp cells is regulated by <i>A</i>-mating type homeodomain proteins, and the frequency of clamp cell formation might be promoted by high expression of the <i>Mahd2</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 2","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/f9/MYC-62-106.PMC9157748.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2021-01-20eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.007
Alexis Guerin-Laguette
{"title":"Successes and challenges in the sustainable cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi - furthering the dream.","authors":"Alexis Guerin-Laguette","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) has made great progress since the first cultivation of <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> in 1977 but remains in its infancy. Five cultivation steps are required: (1) mycorrhizal synthesis, (2) mycorrhiza development and acclimation, (3) out-planting of mycorrhizal seedlings, (4) onset of fructification, and (5) performing tree orchards. We provide examples of successes and challenges associated with each step, including fruiting of the prestigious chanterelles in Japan recently. We highlight the challenges in establishing performing tree orchards. We report on the monitoring of two orchards established between <i>Lactarius deliciosus</i> (saffron milk cap) and pines in New Zealand. Saffron milk caps yields reached 0.4 and 1100 kg/ha under <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>P. sylvestris</i> 6 and 9 y after planting, respectively. Canopy closure began under <i>P. radiata</i> 7 y after planting, followed by a drastic reduction of yields, while <i>P. sylvestris</i> yields still hovered at 690 to 780 kg/ha after 11 y, without canopy closure. The establishment of full-scale field trials to predict yields is crucial to making the cultivation of EMF a reality in tomorrow's cropping landscape. Sustainable EMF cultivation utilizing trees in non-forested land could contribute to carbon storage, while providing revenue and other ecosystem services.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 1","pages":"10-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/f4/MYC-62-010.PMC9157773.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.03.006
Mohammad Reza Mirzaee, Sebastian Ploch, Marco Thines
{"title":"A new desert-dwelling oomycete, <i>Pustula persica</i> sp. nov., on <i>Gymnarrhena micrantha</i> (<i>Asteraceae</i>) from Iran.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Mirzaee, Sebastian Ploch, Marco Thines","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2021.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The obligate biotrophic oomycete genus <i>Pustula</i> is one of the four major linages of white blister rusts (<i>Albuginaceae</i>) identified so far. Species of the genus <i>Pustula</i> cause white blister rust on numerous genera in the asterids, represented by several phylogenetically distinct genus-specific lineages, most of which still await formal description. Thus, the observation of the species of <i>Pustula</i> on the <i>Asteraceae</i> subfamily <i>Gymnorhenoideae</i> pointed out to the existence of a hitherto undescribed species. By the morphological and molecular phylogenetic investigation conducted in this study it is concluded that the pathogen on <i>Gymnarrhena micrantha</i> from Iran indeed represents a hitherto unknown species and is described as <i>P. persica</i>. This species has apparently adapted to desert condition and is, after <i>Albugo arenosa</i>, the second species of white blister rust from Iranian deserts, highlighting the adaptability of white blister rusts to hot and dry habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 4","pages":"239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/42/MYC-62-239.PMC9721518.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9382400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.10.001
Ayuka Iwakiri, Norihisa Matsushita, Kenji Fukuda
{"title":"Snow mold fungus <i>Racodium therryanum</i> is phylogenetically <i>Herpotrichia juniperi</i>.","authors":"Ayuka Iwakiri, Norihisa Matsushita, Kenji Fukuda","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2021.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Racodium therryanum</i> is a snow mold causing snow blight and seed rot in conifers. The sexual stage of <i>R. therryanum</i> has not been found, however, it has been speculated that <i>Herpotrichia juniperi</i>, which causes brown felt blight, is the sexual stage of <i>R. therryanum</i>. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic analysis using 28S large subunit (LSU) rDNA, 18S small subunit (SSU) rDNA, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>tef1</i>), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<i>rpb2</i>). Four isolates were identified as <i>R. therryanum</i> based on their morphological characteristics; together with two strains of <i>H. juniperi</i>, they composed a clade supported by high bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability values. Therefore, we conclude that the snow mold previously described as <i>R. therryanum</i> is phylogenetically <i>H. juniperi</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 6","pages":"406-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/47/MYC-62-406.PMC9721519.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9392535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycosciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.005
Erkay Özgör, Nevin Keskin
{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> studies on inhibition capability of fungal-sourced bassiatin versus tamoxifen against ERα, EGFR and VEGFR on breast cancer cells.","authors":"Erkay Özgör, Nevin Keskin","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bassiatin which is produced by some fungi, is morpholine-based depsipeptide. Recent studies show that bassiatin inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation with its anti-oestrogenic effect. In this study, bassiatin's inhibition versus Tamoxifen was examined by comparing the effects on epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in addition to oestrogen receptor on breast cells. For this purpose, 15 concentrations of bassiatin, tamoxifen and combination of both were treated in terms of cytotoxicity on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3 and SVCT cell lines. For cell cycle analyses, MCF-7 and SVCT cell lines were incubated with 37.5 μM bassiatin, tamoxifen and combined substance for 24 h and 48 h. After treatment, cell distribution in each phase of the cell cycle was measured with flow cytometer. Furthermore, each interaction related to receptors were investigated with immunoassay ELISA kits. As a result, bassiatin-induced MCF-7 cell cycle arrest was shown in G0/G1 and G2/M phases at the presence of bassiatin. It was also found that bassiatin is more effective at all examined receptors on breast cancer cells than tamoxifen. These results show that bassiatin can be used effectively in breast cancer treatment as a new anticancer agent because of its multiple inhibition effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 2","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/ea/MYC-62-087.PMC9157772.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10622946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovery of teliospores of a Cape jasmine rust fungus, <i>Hemileia gardeniae-floridae</i> (<i>Pucciniales</i>), and its occurrence in Thailand.","authors":"Yoshitaka Ono, Izumi Okane, Jintana Unartngam, Chanjira Ayawong","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2021.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2021.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hemileia gardeniae-floridae</i> is an accepted name for a Cape jasmine (<i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>) rust fungus distributed in East Asia. The fungus name was based on uredinial anamorph collected in Taiwan in 1931. The fungus was rarely collected in Taiwan and southern Japan, and its telial stage remained unknown. Microscopic examination of the type materials of <i>H. gardeniae-floridae</i> and <i>Uredo gardeniae-floridae</i>, which was once proposed to replace <i>H. gardeniae-floridae</i>, resulted in discovery of teliospores on the type of <i>U. gardeniae-floridae</i>. The teliospores are mostly napiform and produced on a sporogenous cell emerging through host stoma. A hemileioid rust fungus, producing both urediniospores and teliospores on Golden gardenia (<i>G. sootepensis</i>), was found in Thailand and morphologically identified to <i>H. gardeniae-floridae.</i> Another <i>Hemileia</i> species on Forest jasmine (<i>G. thunbergia</i>), <i>H. gardeniae-thunbergiae</i>, first found in Angola, Africa, is distinct from <i>H. gardeniae-floridae</i> in producing smaller urediniospores than those of <i>H. gardeniae-floridae.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"62 5","pages":"336-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/43/MYC-62-336.PMC9733717.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9386131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}