Japanese "nameko" mushrooms (Pholiota microspora) produced via sawdust-based cultivation exhibit severe genetic bottleneck associated with a single founder.

IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY
Akira S Hirao, Atsushi Kumata, Toshihito Takagi, Yoshito Sasaki, Takashi Shigihara, Eiichi Kimura, Shingo Kaneko
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Abstract

Pholiota microspora ("nameko" in Japanese) is one of the most common edible mushrooms, especially in Japan, where sawdust-based cultivation is the most dominant method accounting for 99% of the production. The current strains for sawdust cultivation in Japan are considered to have been derived from a single wild strain collected from Fukushima, Japan, implying that commercial nameko mushrooms are derived from a severe genetic bottleneck. We tested this single founder hypothesis by developing 14 microsatellite markers for P. microspora to evaluate the genetic diversity of 50 cultivars and 73 wild strains isolated from across Japan. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated that sawdust-cultivated strains from Japan were significantly less genetically diverse than the wild strains, and the former displayed a significant bottleneck signature. Analyzing the genetic relationships among all genotypes also revealed that the sawdust-cultivated samples clustered into one monophyletic subgroup. Moreover, the sawdust-cultivated samples in Japan were more closely related than full-sibs. These results were consistent with the single founder hypothesis that suggests that all commercial nameko mushrooms produced in Japan are descendants of a single ancestor. Therefore, we conclude that cultivated P. microspora originated from a single domestication event that substantially reduced the diversity of commercial nameko mushrooms in Japan.

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日本“nameko”蘑菇(微孢子菌)通过木屑为基础的栽培表现出严重的遗传瓶颈与单一的创始人。
微孢子菌(日语“nameko”)是最常见的食用菌之一,特别是在日本,以木屑为基础的种植是最主要的方法,占产量的99%。日本目前用于锯末栽培的菌种被认为来自于从日本福岛收集的单一野生菌种,这意味着商业化的nameko蘑菇来源于严重的遗传瓶颈。通过建立14个微卫星标记,对日本50个小孢子虫品种和73个野生菌株的遗传多样性进行了评价,验证了这一单一创始人假设。微卫星分析表明,日本木屑栽培菌株的遗传多样性明显低于野生菌株,前者表现出明显的瓶颈特征。各基因型间的亲缘关系分析也表明,木屑栽培的样品聚为一个单系亚群。此外,在日本种植的木屑样本比全兄妹更接近。这些结果与单一创始人假设一致,即日本生产的所有商业名菇都是单一祖先的后代。因此,我们得出结论,人工培养的小孢子假单胞菌起源于一次驯化事件,该事件大大减少了日本商业蘑菇的多样性。
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来源期刊
Mycoscience
Mycoscience MYCOLOGY-
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
7.10%
发文量
32
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Mycoscience is the official English-language journal of the Mycological Society of Japan and is issued bimonthly. Mycoscience publishes original research articles and reviews on various topics related to fungi including yeasts and other organisms that have traditionally been studied by mycologists. The research areas covered by Mycoscience extend from such purely scientific fields as systematics, evolution, phylogeny, morphology, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology, to agricultural, medical, and industrial applications. New and improved applications of well-established mycological techniques and methods are also covered.
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