Molecular Breeding最新文献

{"title":"'Fuhui 631', a novel hybrid rice restorer line with multiple resistance genes, high combining ability, and superior grain quality developed with marker‑assisted breeding.","authors":"Liping Chen, Yongsheng Zhu, Jiahuan Jiang, Linyan Wei, Yingheng Wang, Yanmei Zheng, Qiang Lin, Yanjia Xiao, Yidong Wei, Qiuhua Cai, Fangxi Wu, Huaan Xie, Jianfu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01671-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11032-026-01671-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 6","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild barley cytoplasms reduce grain weight plasticity, with environment-dependent cytonuclear epistasis at the <i>ari-e</i> locus.","authors":"Schewach Bodenheimer, Avital Beery, Shaharit Ziv, Abelina Fuentes, Solar Parry, Jonathan Berlingeri, Lamis Abdelhakim, Klára Panzarová, Christine Diepenbrock, Eyal Fridman","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01673-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11032-026-01673-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although cytoplasmic genetic variation influences agronomic traits, its potential for breeding applications remains unexplored. We validated cytoplasmic effects on grain traits in barley and tested their portability across nuclear backgrounds and environments. The cytonuclear multi-parent population validation panel (CMPPV) and Magal reciprocal validation panel (MRVP) were evaluated in replicated field trials across two thermally contrasting Israeli environments. The wild B1K-50-04 cytoplasm consistently increased thousand grain weight (TGW) by 6-11% and grain width (GW) by 2-3% relative to the corresponding cultivated cytoplasm within each reciprocal comparison, explaining up to 9.5% of TGW, and 8% of GW variance. These effects persisted in segregating populations derived from crosses with the elite cultivar Magal, demonstrating portability across nuclear backgrounds. Three-way analysis of marker × cytoplasm × environment interactions across a targeted set of loci identified a chromosome 5 H cluster of significant marker effects, including genotype × cytoplasm × environment signals near the <i>ari-e</i> locus; the hypothesized segregation of an <i>HvDep1</i> mutant allele was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Near-infrared spectroscopy analysis of grain composition revealed environment-dependent cytonuclear epistasis for the <i>ari-e.GP</i> allele, increasing protein content only in the B1K-50-04 cytoplasmic background at one field site. Image-based high-throughput phenomics under controlled conditions identified morphological and canopy spectral reflectance indices that diverged between cytoplasms and were correlated with final grain dimensions, suggesting that taking cytoplasmic variation into account can reveal novel trait relationships. Findings demonstrate that wild cytoplasms offer portable genetic resources for crop improvement, and that the utility of major nuclear loci in breeding can depend on cytoplasmic context.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01673-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 6","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis and characterization of cathepsin B-like protein in <i>Melanaphis sorghi</i> in response to resistant sorghum.","authors":"Kang Lei, Xiao Sun, Yongbang Li, Zhiqiang Hu, Yating Guo, Mingshu Wei, Yaping Yang, Kunpu Zhang, Huihui Bi, Guangwei Li, Daowen Wang, Di Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01670-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11032-026-01670-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sorghum aphid (<i>Melanaphis sorghi</i>), a phloem-feeding insect, is a major pest affecting sorghum production. Despite advances in understanding plant resistance mechanisms, the molecular responses of aphids to resistant host plants remain poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to elucidate transcriptional changes in sorghum aphids feeding on the resistant sorghum variety HN16 and to identify key aphid regulatory genes involved in host adaptation. RNA-seq analysis identified 1,388 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in aphids feeding on HN16. Expression profiling revealed coordinated regulation of genes involved in apoptosis and detoxification. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), 10 candidate response genes were identified. Notably, knockdown of the DEG <i>MsCathB1</i>, encoding a cathepsin B-like protease, significantly impaired aphid fitness on resistant plants. Functionally, <i>MsCathB1</i> also suppressed cryptogein-induced plant cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. These findings suggest that sorghum aphid responses to host resistance are closely linked to apoptosis-related pathways, and that MsCathB1 may function as a virulence effector modulating both aphid performance and plant immunity. This work provides new insights into aphid-host interactions and supports the development of RNAi-based strategies for aphid control.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01670-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 5","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of β-carotene and anthocyanin rich quality protein maize using marker assisted selection.","authors":"Pratibha Sharma, Vivek Sharma, Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal, Vikrant Tyagi, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01667-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-026-01667-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study reports the successful development of a nutritionally enhanced, anthocyanin-rich Quality Protein Maize (QPM) composite, EU-AQPAN, through marker-assisted back cross breeding (MABB). Two target genes (<i>Pl1</i> and <i>B</i>) of the donor parent and two (<i>o2</i> and <i>crtRB1</i>) of the recipient EU-AQP Composite were pyramided using linked molecular markers. Co-dominant SSR markers viz., <i>umc1066</i>, <i>umc1014</i>, <i>umc1024</i>, and a gene based marker <i>crtRB1</i>, were validated across parental lines and used in successive generations to track trait introgression. The breeding process was initiated in Kharif 2016 and culminated strict in the BC₂F₃ generation in 2024. The foreground selection for pigmentation and nutritional quality using linked molecular markers followed by regular phenotypic selection for background recovery due to the composite nature of the recurrent parent. The resulting EU-AQPAN lines exhibited deep purple kernel pigmentation and were homozygous for target alleles. The biochemical assays confirmed elevated lysine (4.13 g/100 g), tryptophan (2.26 g/100 g), and <i>β</i>-carotene (~ 3.58 mg/100 g), with anthocyanin levels: cyanidin-3-glucoside (206.21 mg/100 g), pelargonidin-3-glucoside (96.37 mg/100 g), and delphinidin-3-glucoside (2.36 mg/100 g) comparable to the conventional purple maize. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the successful pyramiding of quality protein (<i>o2</i>), provitamin A (<i>crtRB1</i>), and anthocyanin regulatory genes (<i>Pl1</i>, <i>B</i>) into an open-pollinated maize composite using marker-assisted selection.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01667-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 5","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QTL mapping and genomic prediction of resistance to apple blotch (<i>Diplocarpon coronariae</i>).","authors":"Michaela Jung, Bettina Hänni, Hélène Muranty, Andrea Patocchi","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01666-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11032-026-01666-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apple blotch (AB) is an emerging disease in apple production, primarily causing premature defoliation. The rise of orchard management practices reducing fungicide use has coincided with an increase in AB incidence in Europe. Breeding for resistance to AB became important for long-term disease management. Depending on the genetic complexity of the trait, breeding can be supported using either marker-assisted or genomic selection. However, no such tools are currently available for AB. To address this issue, we established two biparental mapping populations, 'Topaz' × 'Granny Smith' and 'Topaz' × 'Parkapfel', and a diversity panel of 122 genotypes, all evaluated for their resistance to AB under natural field conditions across three growing seasons. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified five associated loci on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 10, and 11, each explaining a maximum of 12% of phenotypic variance, indicating a polygenic architecture of AB resistance. Strong seasonal effects were observed in disease development, and they were either removed (G model) or explicitly modeled (G + G×E model) using genomic prediction approaches. The average predictive ability reached 0.47 for the G model and 0.38 for the G + G×E model. While the detected QTLs have small individual effects that constrain their use in marker-assisted selection, the moderate predictive ability of genomic prediction models demonstrates the potential of genomic selection for accelerating resistance breeding. These findings provide the first genomic tools to support breeding for resistance to AB and illustrate the utility of genome-wide approaches in managing complex traits.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01666-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 5","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hongyou 789: a moderately compact, sulfonylurea-resistant rapeseed variety for high-density cultivation and mechanized seed production.","authors":"Chengming Sun, Xiaoying Zhou, Chunyun Wang, Feng Chen, Wei Zhang, Qi Peng, Yue Shen, Jianqin Gao, Xiaodong Wang, Maolong Hu, Jiefu Zhang, Jian Wu, Sanxiong Fu","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01668-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-026-01668-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 5","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of loci and candidate genes related to SPAD via SNP- and InDel-GWAS.","authors":"Yajun Zhao, Dezhou Hu, Xiaoyong Li, Lixun Zhu, Zhiri Xu, Wei Zhao, Xu Guan, Deyue Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01662-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-026-01662-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorophyll is an essential component for capturing light energy to drive photosynthesis, and its content is crucial for leaf photosynthetic capacity and crop yield. SPAD, as a chlorophyll content-related parameter, has been widely applied. In this study, GWAS was performed on SPAD at the R2 stage of 219 accessions using 5,410,112 SNPs and 634,106 InDels, identifying 511 SNPs, 67 InDels and a candidate gene <i>GmPMI1</i> associated with SPAD. <i>GmPMI1</i> divided the natural population into three haplotypes, with Hap2 exhibiting higher SPAD values. The SNP in its promoter region (Chr08-3973347) may account for this phenomenon. This gene is regulated by the MYB transcription factor Glyma.05g013000 and functions in the ABA signaling pathway. Its effect on SPAD is likely mediated through the regulation of chloroplast movement rather than chlorophyll content. While most researchers consider \"optimizing photosynthesis by regulating chlorophyll content to improve crop yield\" as a breeding objective, maximizing photosynthetic potential under different environmental conditions by modulating chloroplast movement provides an alternative viable strategy for yield enhancement.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01662-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 5","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From research to application: evaluation of literature-based and newly identified GWAS and GP-derived loci for anthracnose resistance in white lupin, across validation panels and environments.","authors":"András Patyi, Michael Schneider, Christine Arncken, Michał Książkiewicz, Monika M Messmer, Grit Schwertfirm, Mariateresa Lazzaro","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01661-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11032-026-01661-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistance to anthracnose disease, caused by <i>Colletotrichum lupini</i>, in white lupin is polygenic and rare in global germplasm, making breeding for resistance challenging. Several studies have identified genomic regions associated with resistance, but reported QTLs rarely overlap. Overall, anthracnose-associated loci have not yet been appropriately exploited in breeding due to the lack of validation, especially in unrelated material. We assessed three literature-based SNP-markers associated to a previously described QTL, as well as six originating from two published GWAS studies. In addition, by re-analysing two published datasets, we newly (i) identified five SNP-markers through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and (ii) assembled a genomic prediction (GP) model based on a set of 42 SNP-markers. All SNP-markers were transformed to PCR-based assays to facilitate cost-efficient application in breeding and tested in a diversity panel and two breeding panels, phenotyped in field and/or controlled conditions. We validated the association to anthracnose resistance for the previously reported QTL on chromosome <i>Lalb_Chr10</i>, tagging a source of resistance in the resistant cultivar 'Frieda'. Two markers showed significant associations (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with anthracnose resistance in at least two panels, and an additional seven markers were significant in one. The GP model had a prediction accuracy of 0.84 (± 0.13) in the training panel, but is not applicable as such in the unrelated validation panels. However, re-training the GP model with the respective validation panel data showed clear prediction improvement buffering the limitation of environmental context and narrower genepools applied in a breeding programme.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01661-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 5","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marker-assisted introgression of brown planthopper resistance and herbicide tolerance for integrated pest management in direct seeded rice.","authors":"Pritiranjan Sahoo, Motilal Behera, Lambodar Behera, Sushmita Munda, Sutapa Sarkar, Mayabini Jena, Kutubuddin A Molla, Anilkumar Chandrappa, Prakash Chandra Rath, Debajyoti Roy, Nitiprasad N Jambhulkar, Amaresh Kumar Nayak, Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi Govindharaj, Meera Kumari Kar, Mridul Chakraborti","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01650-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-026-01650-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major pest of rice. Growing direct seeded rice (DSR) without constant standing water or intermittent draining reduces its population buildup. However, volunteer, wild and weedy rice create a major hurdle in adoption of DSR as conventional herbicides or manual weeding fail to control them. These invasive weeds from the same genus may attract BPH on the standing crops of resistant rice varieties besides supporting pest overwintering. Forty-eight accessions of 22 <i>Oryza</i> species along with trait-specific checks were screened for BPH-resistance and imazethapyr-tolerance. Only IRGC 88828 (<i>O. schweinfurthiana</i>) was BPH-resistant, and none were tolerant to imazethapyr indicating the scope of harnessing the complementary benefits through introgression of both the traits in a single genotype. Two epistatic BPH-resistance QTLs from a landrace Salkathi and novel <i>Aceto Hydroxy Acid Synthase</i> (<i>AHAS</i>) gene mutation conferring imazethapyr tolerance were separately introgressed in a popular rice variety Naveen. After blind multilocation trials, BPH resistant near isogenic lines (NILs) with <i>qBph4.3</i> + <i>qBph4.4</i> were notified for general cultivation in India. Introgression of <i>AHAS</i> gene through tightly linked marker RM6844 enabled efficient control of the weed complexes of rice through imazethapyr application. However, in comparison to Naveen, significant reduction of grain yield (5.28-15.84%) and head rice recovery (15.68-15.85%) were recorded in the NILs. While combining the two traits, recombinants between <i>AHAS</i> and RM6844 were identified, which circumvented the linkage drags. Cultivation of the dual improved NILs will enable integrated pest management besides reducing cultivation cost, grain admixtures, insecticide use and environmental footprint in rice cultivation.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-026-01650-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 5","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Huayouza 315, a novel rapeseed cultivar with high oleic acid content, superior resistance to clubroot, and high yield.","authors":"Qing Dong, Jingzhen Wang, Yu Duan, Zhihao Bian, Hanzi He, Qiufang Xiong, Yaru Shi, Wenjuan Hu, Zhiping Li, Zhigang Yao, Chuchuan Fan, Chunyu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11032-026-01664-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-026-01664-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18769,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Breeding","volume":"46 5","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}