Molecular plant pathology最新文献

{"title":"Soybean MKK2 establishes intricate signalling pathways to regulate soybean response to cyst nematode infection","authors":"Tracy E. Hawk, Sarbottam Piya, Mst Shamira Sultana, Sobhan Bahrami Zadegan, Sarah Shipp, Nicole Coffey, Natalie B. McBride, John H. Rice, Tarek Hewezi","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13461","url":null,"abstract":"Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades play central signalling roles in plant immunity and stress response. The soybean orthologue of MPK kinase2 (GmMKK2) was recently identified as a potential signalling node whose expression is upregulated in the feeding site induced by soybean cyst nematode (SCN, <jats:italic>Heterodera glycines</jats:italic>). To investigate the role of GmMKK2 in soybean–SCN interactions, we overexpressed a catabolically inactive variant referred to as kinase‐dead variant (KD‐GmMKK2) using transgenic hairy roots. <jats:italic>KD‐GmMKK2</jats:italic> overexpression caused significant reduction in soybean susceptibility to SCN, while overexpression of the wild‐type variant (<jats:italic>WT‐GmMKK2</jats:italic>) exhibited no effect on susceptibility. Transcriptome analysis indicated that <jats:italic>KD‐GmMKK2</jats:italic> overexpressing plants are primed for SCN resistance via constitutive activation of defence signalling, particularly those related to chitin, respiratory burst, hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid. Phosphoproteomic profiling of the <jats:italic>WT‐GmMKK2</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>KD‐GmMKK2</jats:italic> root samples upon SCN infection resulted in the identification of 391 potential targets of GmMKK2. These targets are involved in a broad range of biological processes, including defence signalling, vesicle fusion, chromatin remodelling and nuclear organization among others. Furthermore, GmMKK2 mediates phosphorylation of numerous transcriptional and translational regulators, pointing to the presence of signalling shortcuts besides the canonical MAPK cascades to initiate downstream signalling that eventually regulates gene expression and translation initiation. Finally, the functional requirement of specific phosphorylation sites for soybean response to SCN infection was validated by overexpressing phospho‐mimic and phospho‐dead variants of two differentially phosphorylated proteins SUN1 and IDD4. Together, our analyses identify GmMKK2 impacts on signalling modules that regulate soybean response to SCN infection.","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powdery mildew effectors AVRA1 and BEC1016 target the ER J‐domain protein HvERdj3B required for immunity in barley","authors":"Zizhang Li, Valeria Velásquez‐Zapata, J. Mitch Elmore, Xuan Li, Wenjun Xie, Sohini Deb, Xiao Tian, Sagnik Banerjee, Hans J. L. Jørgensen, Carsten Pedersen, Roger P. Wise, Hans Thordal‐Christensen","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13463","url":null,"abstract":"The barley powdery mildew fungus, <jats:italic>Blumeria hordei</jats:italic> (Bh), secretes hundreds of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) to facilitate pathogen infection and colonization. One of these, CSEP0008, is directly recognized by the barley nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich‐repeat (NLR) receptor MLA1 and therefore is designated AVR<jats:sub>A1</jats:sub>. Here, we show that AVR<jats:sub>A1</jats:sub> and the sequence‐unrelated Bh effector BEC1016 (CSEP0491) suppress immunity in barley. We used yeast two‐hybrid next‐generation interaction screens (Y2H‐NGIS), followed by binary Y2H and in planta protein–protein interactions studies, and identified a common barley target of AVR<jats:sub>A1</jats:sub> and BEC1016, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized J‐domain protein <jats:italic>Hv</jats:italic>ERdj3B. Silencing of this ER quality control (ERQC) protein increased Bh penetration. <jats:italic>Hv</jats:italic>ERdj3B is ER luminal, and we showed using split GFP that AVR<jats:sub>A1</jats:sub> and BEC1016 translocate into the ER signal peptide‐independently. Overexpression of the two effectors impeded trafficking of a vacuolar marker through the ER; silencing of <jats:italic>Hv</jats:italic>ERdj3B also exhibited this same cellular phenotype, coinciding with the effectors targeting this ERQC component. Together, these results suggest that the barley innate immunity, preventing Bh entry into epidermal cells, requires ERQC. Here, the J‐domain protein <jats:italic>Hv</jats:italic>ERdj3B appears to be essential and can be regulated by AVR<jats:sub>A1</jats:sub> and BEC1016. Plant disease resistance often occurs upon direct or indirect recognition of pathogen effectors by host NLR receptors. Previous work has shown that AVR<jats:sub>A1</jats:sub> is directly recognized in the cytosol by the immune receptor MLA1. We speculate that the AVR<jats:sub>A1</jats:sub> J‐domain target being inside the ER, where it is inapproachable by NLRs, has forced the plant to evolve this challenging direct recognition.","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AtHVA22a, a plant-specific homologue of Reep/DP1/Yop1 family proteins is involved in turnip mosaic virus propagation.","authors":"Mingshuo Xue, Luc Sofer, Vincent Simon, Nathalie Arvy, Mamoudou Diop, Roxane Lion, Guillaume Beucher, Amandine Bordat, Jens Tilsner, Jean-Luc Gallois, Sylvie German-Retana","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The movement of potyviruses, the largest genus of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses responsible for serious diseases in crops, is very complex. As potyviruses developed strategies to hijack the host secretory pathway and plasmodesmata (PD) for their transport, the goal of this study was to identify membrane and/or PD-proteins that interact with the 6K2 protein, a potyviral protein involved in replication and cell-to-cell movement of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Using split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid assays, we screened an Arabidopsis cDNA library for interactors of ^TuMV6K2. We isolated AtHVA22a (Hordeum vulgare abscisic acid responsive gene 22), which belongs to a multigenic family of transmembrane proteins, homologous to Receptor expression-enhancing protein (Reep)/Deleted in polyposis (DP1)/Yop1 family proteins in animal and yeast. HVA22/DP1/Yop1 family genes are widely distributed in eukaryotes, but the role of HVA22 proteins in plants is still not well known, although proteomics analysis of PD fractions purified from Arabidopsis suspension cells showed that AtHVA22a is highly enriched in a PD proteome. We confirmed the interaction between ^TuMV6K2 and AtHVA22a in yeast, as well as in planta by using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and showed that ^TuMV6K2/AtHVA22a interaction occurs at the level of the viral replication compartment during TuMV infection. Finally, we showed that the propagation of TuMV is increased when AtHVA22a is overexpressed in planta but slowed down upon mutagenesis of AtHVA22a by CRISPR-Cas9. Altogether, our results indicate that AtHVA22a plays an agonistic effect on TuMV propagation and that the C-terminal tail of the protein is important in this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11104427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome comparisons reveal accessory genes crucial for the evolution of apple Glomerella leaf spot pathogenicity in Colletotrichum fungi","authors":"Xiaofei Liang, Wei Yu, Yanan Meng, Shengping Shang, Huanhuan Tian, Zhaohui Zhang, Jeffrey A. Rollins, Rong Zhang, Guangyu Sun","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13454","url":null,"abstract":"Apple Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is an emerging fungal disease caused by <jats:italic>Colletotrichum fructicola</jats:italic> and other <jats:italic>Colletotrichum</jats:italic> species. These species are polyphyletic and it is currently unknown how these pathogens convergently evolved to infect apple. We generated chromosome‐level genome assemblies of a GLS‐adapted isolate and a non‐adapted isolate in <jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic> using long‐read sequencing. Additionally, we resequenced 17 <jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. aenigma</jats:italic> isolates varying in GLS pathogenicity using short‐read sequencing. Genome comparisons revealed a conserved bipartite genome architecture involving minichromosomes (accessory chromosomes) shared by <jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic> and other closely related species within the <jats:italic>C. gloeosporioides</jats:italic> species complex. Moreover, two repeat‐rich genomic regions (1.61 Mb in total) were specifically conserved among GLS‐pathogenic isolates in <jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. aenigma</jats:italic>. Single‐gene deletion of 10 accessory genes within the GLS‐specific regions of <jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic> identified three that were essential for GLS pathogenicity. These genes encoded a putative non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase, a flavin‐binding monooxygenase and a small protein with unknown function. These results highlight the crucial role accessory genes play in the evolution of <jats:italic>Colletotrichum</jats:italic> pathogenicity and imply the significance of an unidentified secondary metabolite in GLS pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorylation of Mad1 at serine 18 by Mps1 is required for the full virulence of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae","authors":"Qiushi Chen, Ya Li, Tianjiao Shen, Rong Wang, Meiling Su, Qiong Luo, Hua Shi, Guodong Lu, Zonghua Wang, Kevin G. Hardwick, Mo Wang","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13456","url":null,"abstract":"The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins are conserved among eukaryotes safeguarding chromosome segregation fidelity during mitosis. However, their biological functions in plant‐pathogenic fungi remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that the SAC protein MoMad1 in rice blast fungus (<jats:italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</jats:italic>) localizes on the nuclear envelope and is dispensable for <jats:italic>M. oryzae</jats:italic> vegetative growth and tolerance to microtubule depolymerizing agent treatment. MoMad1 plays an important role in <jats:italic>M. oryzae</jats:italic> infection‐related development and pathogenicity. The monopolar spindle 1 homologue in <jats:italic>M. oryzae</jats:italic> (MoMps1) interacts with MoMad1 through its N‐terminal domain and phosphorylates MoMad1 at Ser‐18, which is conserved within the extended N termini of Mad1s from fungal plant pathogens. This phosphorylation is required for maintaining MoMad1 protein abundance and <jats:italic>M. oryzae</jats:italic> full virulence. Similar to the deletion of MoMad1, treatment with Mps1‐IN‐1 (an Mps1 inhibitor) caused compromised appressorium formation and decreased <jats:italic>M. oryzae</jats:italic> virulence, and these defects were dependent on its attenuating MoMad1 Ser‐18 phosphorylation. Therefore, our study indicates the function of Mad1 in rice blast fungal pathogenicity and sheds light on the potential of blocking Mad1 phosphorylation by Mps1 to control crop fungal diseases.","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdWRKY71 promotes the susceptibility of apple to Glomerella leaf spot by controlling salicylic acid degradation","authors":"Tingting Pei, Dongshan Niu, Yongxin Ma, Minghui Zhan, Jie Deng, Pengmin Li, Fengwang Ma, Changhai Liu","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13457","url":null,"abstract":"Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), a fungal disease caused by <jats:italic>Colletotrichum fructicola</jats:italic>, severely affects apple (<jats:italic>Malus domestica</jats:italic>) quality and yield. In this study, we found that the transcription factor MdWRKY71 was significantly induced by <jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic> infection in the GLS‐susceptible apple cultivar Royal Gala. The overexpression of <jats:italic>MdWRKY71</jats:italic> in apple leaves resulted in increased susceptibility to <jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic>, whereas RNA interference of <jats:italic>MdWRKY71</jats:italic> in leaves showed the opposite phenotypes. These findings suggest that MdWRKY71 functions as a susceptibility factor for the apple—<jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic> interaction. Furthermore, MdWRKY71 directly bound to the promoter of the salicylic acid (SA) degradation gene <jats:italic>Downy Mildew Resistant 6</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>DMR6</jats:italic>)<jats:italic>‐Like Oxygenase 1</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>DLO1</jats:italic>) and promoted its expression, resulting in a reduced SA level. The sensitivity of 35S:<jats:italic>MdWRKY71</jats:italic> leaves to <jats:italic>C. fructicola</jats:italic> can be effectively alleviated by knocking down <jats:italic>MdDLO1</jats:italic> expression, confirming the critical role of MdWRKY71‐mediated SA degradation via regulating <jats:italic>MdDLO1</jats:italic> expression in GLS susceptibility. In summary, we identified a GLS susceptibility factor, MdWRKY71, that targets the apple SA degradation pathway to promote fungal infection.","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EIN3 transcription factor GmEIL1 improves soybean resistance to Phytophthora sojae","authors":"Xi Chen, Yan Sun, Yu Yang, Yuxin Zhao, Chuanzhong Zhang, Xin Fang, Hong Gao, Ming Zhao, Shengfu He, Bo Song, Shanshan Liu, Junjiang Wu, Pengfei Xu, Shuzhen Zhang","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13452","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean (<jats:italic>Glycine max</jats:italic>), caused by the oomycete <jats:italic>Phytophthora sojae</jats:italic>, is an extremely destructive disease worldwide. In this study, we identified <jats:italic>GmEIL1</jats:italic>, which encodes an ethylene‐insensitive3 (EIN3) transcription factor. <jats:italic>GmEIL1</jats:italic> was significantly induced following <jats:italic>P. sojae</jats:italic> infection of soybean plants. Compared to wild‐type soybean plants, transgenic soybean plants overexpressing <jats:italic>GmEIL1</jats:italic> showed enhanced resistance to <jats:italic>P. sojae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>GmEIL1</jats:italic>‐silenced RNA‐interference lines showed more severe symptoms when infected with <jats:italic>P. sojae</jats:italic>. We screened for target genes of GmEIL1 and confirmed that GmEIL1 bound directly to the <jats:italic>GmERF113</jats:italic> promoter and regulated <jats:italic>GmERF113</jats:italic> expression. Moreover, GmEIL1 positively regulated the expression of the pathogenesis‐related gene <jats:italic>GmPR1</jats:italic>. The GmEIL1‐regulated defence response to <jats:italic>P. sojae</jats:italic> involved both ethylene biosynthesis and the ethylene signalling pathway. These findings suggest that the GmEIL1‐<jats:italic>GmERF113</jats:italic> module plays an important role in <jats:italic>P. sojae</jats:italic> resistance via the ethylene signalling pathway.","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge","authors":"Maël Baudin, Marie Le Naour‐Vernet, Pierre Gladieux, Didier Tharreau, Marc‐Henri Lebrun, Karine Lambou, Marie Leys, Elisabeth Fournier, Stella Césari, Thomas Kroj","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13449","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label /><jats:italic>Pyricularia oryzae</jats:italic> (syn. <jats:italic>Magnaporthe oryzae</jats:italic>), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes a major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well as on a wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have a tremendous impact worldwide particularly on rice and on wheat, where the disease emerged in South America in the 1980s, before spreading to Asia and Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability to molecular and genetic manipulation, have inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding its biology and evolution. In the past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has emerged as a major model in molecular plant–microbe interactions. In this review, we focus on the clarification of the taxonomy and genetic structure of the species and its host range determinants. We also discuss recent molecular studies deciphering its lifecycle.TaxonomyKingdom: <jats:italic>Fungi</jats:italic>, phylum: <jats:italic>Ascomycota</jats:italic>, sub‐phylum: <jats:italic>Pezizomycotina</jats:italic>, class: <jats:italic>Sordariomycetes</jats:italic>, order: <jats:italic>Magnaporthales</jats:italic>, family: <jats:italic>Pyriculariaceae</jats:italic>, genus: <jats:italic>Pyricularia.</jats:italic>Host range<jats:italic>P. oryzae</jats:italic> has the ability to infect a wide range of <jats:italic>Poaceae</jats:italic>. It is structured into different host‐specialized lineages that are each associated with a few host plant genera. The fungus is best known to cause tremendous damage to rice crops, but it can also attack other economically important crops such as wheat, maize, barley, and finger millet.Disease symptoms<jats:italic>P. oryzae</jats:italic> can cause necrotic lesions or bleaching on all aerial parts of its host plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, and inflorescences (panicles, spikes, and seeds). Characteristic symptoms on leaves are diamond‐shaped silver lesions that often have a brown margin and whose appearance is influenced by numerous factors such as the plant genotype and environmental conditions.<jats:label /><jats:table-wrap position=\"anchor\"> <jats:caption>USEFUL WEBSITES</jats:caption> <jats:table frame=\"hsides\"> <jats:col /> <jats:col /> <jats:thead> <jats:tr> <jats:th>Resources</jats:th> <jats:th>URL</jats:th> </jats:tr> </jats:thead> <jats:tbody> <jats:tr> <jats:td>Genomic data repositories</jats:td> <jats:td> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/\">http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/</jats:ext-link> </jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td>Genomic data repositories</jats:td> <jats:td> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http://openriceblast.org/\">http://openriceblast.org/</jats:ext-link> </jats:td> </jats:tr> <jats:tr> <jats:td>Genomic data repositories</jats:td> <jats:td> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modes of action and potential as a peptide‐based biofungicide of a plant defensin MtDef4","authors":"Hui Li, Raviraj Kalunke, Meenakshi Tetorya, Kirk J. Czymmek, Dilip M. Shah","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13458","url":null,"abstract":"Due to rapidly emerging resistance to single‐site fungicides in fungal pathogens of plants, there is a burgeoning need for safe and multisite fungicides. Plant antifungal peptides with multisite modes of action (MoA) have potential as bioinspired fungicides. <jats:italic>Medicago truncatula</jats:italic> defensin MtDef4 was previously reported to exhibit potent antifungal activity against fungal pathogens. Its MoA involves plasma membrane disruption and binding to intracellular targets. However, specific biochemical processes inhibited by this defensin and causing cell death have not been determined. Here, we show that MtDef4 exhibited potent antifungal activity against <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea</jats:italic>. It induced severe plasma membrane and organelle irregularities in the germlings of this pathogen. It bound to fungal ribosomes and inhibited protein translation in vitro. A MtDef4 variant lacking antifungal activity exhibited greatly reduced protein translation inhibitory activity. A cation‐tolerant MtDef4 variant was generated that bound to β‐glucan of the fungal cell wall with higher affinity than MtDef4. It also conferred a greater reduction in the grey mould disease symptoms than MtDef4 when applied exogenously on <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</jats:italic> plants, tomato fruits and rose petals. Our findings revealed inhibition of protein synthesis as a likely target of MtDef4 and the potential of its cation‐tolerant variant as a peptide‐based fungicide.","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptional analysis of Persea americana MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors following Phytophthora cinnamomi infection","authors":"Alicia Fick, Velushka Swart, Aureliano Bombarely, Noëlani van den Berg","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13453","url":null,"abstract":"Plant cells undergo extensive transcriptional reprogramming following pathogen infection, with these reprogramming patterns becoming more complex when pathogens, such as hemibiotrophs, exhibit different lifestyles. These transcriptional changes are often orchestrated by MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs), which modulate both growth and defence‐related gene expression. Transcriptional analysis of defence‐related genes in avocado (<jats:italic>Persea americana</jats:italic>) infected with <jats:italic>Phytophthora cinnamomi</jats:italic> indicated differential immune response activation when comparing a partially resistant and susceptible rootstock. This study identified 226 <jats:italic>MYB</jats:italic>, 82 <jats:italic>WRKY</jats:italic>, and 174 AP2/ERF TF‐encoding genes in avocado, using a genome‐wide approach. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial sequence conservation within TF groups underscoring their functional significance. RNA‐sequencing analysis in a partially resistant and susceptible avocado rootstock infected with <jats:italic>P. cinnamomi</jats:italic> was indicative of an immune response switch occurring in either rootstock after 24 and 6 h post‐inoculation, respectively. Different clusters of co‐expressed <jats:italic>TF</jats:italic> genes were observed at these times, suggesting the activation of necrotroph‐related immune responses at varying intervals between the two rootstocks. This study aids our understanding of avocado immune response activation following <jats:italic>P. cinnamomi</jats:italic> infection, and the role of the TFs therein, elucidating the transcriptional reprogramming disparities between partially resistant and susceptible rootstocks.","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}