{"title":"Histone (de)acetylation in epigenetic regulation of Phytophthora pathobiology.","authors":"Yufeng Guan, Joanna Gajewska, Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek, Umesh Kumar Tanwar, Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka, Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13497","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytophthora species are oomycetes that have evolved a broad spectrum of biological processes and improved strategies to cope with host and environmental challenges. A growing body of evidence indicates that the high pathogen plasticity is based on epigenetic regulation of gene expression linked to Phytophthora's rapid adjustment to endogenous cues and various stresses. As 5mC DNA methylation has not yet been identified in Phytophthora, the reversible processes of acetylation/deacetylation of histone proteins seem to play a pivotal role in the epigenetic control of gene expression in oomycetes. To explore this issue, we review the structure, diversity, and phylogeny of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in six plant-damaging Phytophthora species: P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. infestans, P. parasitica, P. ramorum, and P. sojae. To further integrate and improve our understanding of the phylogenetic classification, evolutionary relationship, and functional characteristics, we supplement this review with a comprehensive view of HATs and HDACs using recent genome- and proteome-level databases. Finally, the potential functional role of transcriptional reprogramming mediated by epigenetic changes during Phytophthora species saprophytic and parasitic phases under nitro-oxidative stress is also briefly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 7","pages":"e13497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11261156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiao Liu, Ruhui Long, Chaoxiang Lin, Xinping Bi, Zhibin Liang, Yi Zhen Deng
{"title":"Phosphatidylethanolamines link ferroptosis and autophagy during appressorium formation of rice blast fungus.","authors":"Qiao Liu, Ruhui Long, Chaoxiang Lin, Xinping Bi, Zhibin Liang, Yi Zhen Deng","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13489","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cell death pathway, ferroptosis, occurs in conidial cells and is critical for formation and function of the infection structure, the appressorium, in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In this study, we identified an orthologous lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (Lpaat) acting at upstream of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) biosynthesis and which is required for such fungal ferroptosis and pathogenicity. Two PE species, DOPE and SLPE, that depend on Lpaat function for production were sufficient for induction of lipid peroxidation and the consequent ferroptosis, thus positively regulating fungal pathogenicity. On the other hand, both DOPE and SLPE positively regulated autophagy. Loss of the LPAAT gene led to a decrease in the lipidated form of the autophagy protein Atg8, which is probably responsible for the autophagy defect of the lpaatΔ mutant. GFP-Lpaat was mostly localized on the membrane of lipid droplets (LDs) that were stained by the fluorescent dye monodansylpentane (MDH), suggesting that LDs serve as a source of lipids for membrane PE biosynthesis and probably as a membrane source of autophagosome. Overall, our results reveal novel intracellular membrane-bound organelle dynamics based on Lpaat-mediated lipid metabolism, providing a temporal and spatial link of ferroptosis and autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 7","pages":"e13489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A cyclic di-GMP-binding adaptor protein interacts with a N5-glutamine methyltransferase to regulate the pathogenesis in Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.","authors":"Yu Shi, Tianfang Cheng, Qing Wei Cheang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Zeling Xu, Zhao-Xun Liang, Linghui Xu, Junxia Wang","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13496","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) regulates a wide range of bacterial behaviours through diverse mechanisms and binding receptors. Single-domain PilZ proteins, the most widespread and abundant known c-di-GMP receptors in bacteria, act as trans-acting adaptor proteins that enable c-di-GMP to control signalling pathways with high specificity. This study identifies a single-domain PilZ protein, XAC3402 (renamed N5MapZ), from the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), which modulates Xcc virulence by directly interacting with the methyltransferase HemK. Through yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining, we demonstrated that N5MapZ and HemK interact directly under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, with the strength of the protein-protein interaction decreasing at high c-di-GMP concentrations. This finding distinguishes N5MapZ from other characterized single-domain PilZ proteins, as it was previously known that c-di-GMP enhances the interaction between those single-domain PilZs and their protein partners. This observation is further supported by the fact that the c-di-GMP binding-defective mutant N5MapZ<sup>R10A</sup> can interact with HemK to inhibit the methylation of the class 1 translation termination release factor PrfA. Additionally, we found that HemK plays an important role in Xcc pathogenesis, as the deletion of hemK leads to extensive phenotypic changes, including reduced virulence in citrus plants, decreased motility, production of extracellular enzymes and stress tolerance. Gene expression analysis has revealed that c-di-GMP and the HemK-mediated pathway regulate the expression of multiple virulence effector proteins, uncovering a novel regulatory mechanism through which c-di-GMP regulates Xcc virulence by mediating PrfA methylation via the single-domain PilZ adaptor protein N5MapZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 7","pages":"e13496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to 'Identification of differentially expressed genes in a resistant versus a susceptible blueberry cultivar after infection by Colletotrichum acutatum'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13495","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 7","pages":"e13495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel MAP kinase-interacting protein MoSmi1 regulates development and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae.","authors":"Yu Wang, Xinyue Cui, Junlian Xiao, Xiaoru Kang, Jinmei Hu, Zhicheng Huang, Na Li, Chuyu Yang, Yuemin Pan, Shulin Zhang","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13493","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell wall is the first barrier against external adversity and plays roles in maintaining normal physiological functions of fungi. Previously, we reported a nucleosome assembly protein, MoNap1, in Magnaporthe oryzae that plays a role in cell wall integrity (CWI), stress response, and pathogenicity. Moreover, MoNap1 negatively regulates the expression of MoSMI1 encoded by MGG_03970. Here, we demonstrated that deletion of MoSMI1 resulted in a significant defect in appressorium function, CWI, cell morphology, and pathogenicity. Further investigation revealed that MoSmi1 interacted with MoOsm1 and MoMps1 and affected the phosphorylation levels of MoOsm1, MoMps1, and MoPmk1, suggesting that MoSmi1 regulates biological functions by mediating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in M. oryzae. In addition, transcriptome data revealed that MoSmi1 regulates many infection-related processes in M. oryzae, such as membrane-related pathway and oxidation reduction process. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that MoSmi1 regulates CWI by mediating the MAPK pathway to affect development and pathogenicity of M. oryzae.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 7","pages":"e13493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11260997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting symptom severity in PSTVd-infected tomato plants using the PSTVd genome sequence.","authors":"Jianqiang Sun, Yosuke Matsushita","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13469","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viroids, one of the smallest known infectious agents, induce symptoms of varying severity, ranging from latent to severe, based on the combination of viroid isolates and host plant species. Because viroids are transmissible between plant species, asymptomatic viroid-infected plants may serve as latent sources of infection for other species that could exhibit severe symptoms, occasionally leading to agricultural and economic losses. Therefore, predicting the symptoms induced by viroids in host plants without biological experiments could remarkably enhance control measures against viroid damage. Here, we developed an algorithm using unsupervised machine learning to predict the severity of disease symptoms caused by viroids (e.g., potato spindle tuber viroid; PSTVd) in host plants (e.g., tomato). This algorithm, mimicking the RNA silencing mechanism thought to be linked to viroid pathogenicity, requires only the genome sequences of the viroids and host plants. It involves three steps: alignment of synthetic short sequences of the viroids to the host plant genome, calculation of the alignment coverage, and clustering of the viroids based on coverage using UMAP and DBSCAN. Validation through inoculation experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the algorithm in predicting the severity of disease symptoms induced by viroids. As the algorithm only requires the genome sequence data, it may be applied to any viroid and plant combination. These findings underscore a correlation between viroid pathogenicity and the genome sequences of viroid isolates and host plants, potentially aiding in the prevention of viroid outbreaks and the breeding of viroid-resistant crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 7","pages":"e13469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salomé Soulé, Kaiwei Huang, Karine Mulet, Joffrey Mejias, Jérémie Bazin, Nhat My Truong, Junior Lusu Kika, Stéphanie Jaubert, Pierre Abad, Jianlong Zhao, Bruno Favery, Michaël Quentin
{"title":"The root-knot nematode effector MiEFF12 targets the host ER quality control system to suppress immune responses and allow parasitism.","authors":"Salomé Soulé, Kaiwei Huang, Karine Mulet, Joffrey Mejias, Jérémie Bazin, Nhat My Truong, Junior Lusu Kika, Stéphanie Jaubert, Pierre Abad, Jianlong Zhao, Bruno Favery, Michaël Quentin","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13491","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are microscopic parasitic worms able to infest the roots of thousands of plant species, causing massive crop yield losses worldwide. They evade the plant's immune system and manipulate plant cell physiology and metabolism to transform a few root cells into giant cells, which serve as feeding sites for the nematode. RKN parasitism is facilitated by the secretion in planta of effector molecules, mostly proteins that hijack host cellular processes. We describe here a conserved RKN-specific effector, effector 12 (EFF12), that is synthesized exclusively in the oesophageal glands of the nematode, and we demonstrate its function in parasitism. In the plant, MiEFF12 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A combination of RNA-sequencing analysis and immunity-suppression bioassays revealed the contribution of MiEFF12 to the modulation of host immunity. Yeast two-hybrid, split luciferase and co-immunoprecipitation approaches identified an essential component of the ER quality control system, the Solanum lycopersicum plant bap-like (PBL), and basic leucine zipper 60 (BZIP60) proteins as host targets of MiEFF12. Finally, silencing the PBL genes in Nicotiana benthamiana decreased susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita infection. Our results suggest that EFF12 manipulates PBL function to modify plant immune responses to allow parasitism.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 7","pages":"e13491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria J Armer, Martin Urban, Tom Ashfield, Michael J Deeks, Kim E Hammond-Kosack
{"title":"The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol facilitates cell-to-cell invasion during wheat-tissue colonization by Fusarium graminearum.","authors":"Victoria J Armer, Martin Urban, Tom Ashfield, Michael J Deeks, Kim E Hammond-Kosack","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13485","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium head blight disease on small-grain cereals is primarily caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Infection of floral spike tissues is characterized by the biosynthesis and secretion of potent trichothecene mycotoxins, of which deoxynivalenol (DON) is widely reported due to its negative impacts on grain quality and consumer safety. The TRI5 gene encodes an essential enzyme in the DON biosynthesis pathway and the single gene deletion mutant, ΔTri5, is widely reported to restrict disease progression to the inoculated spikelet. In this study, we present novel bioimaging evidence revealing that DON facilitates the traversal of the cell wall through plasmodesmata, a process essential for successful colonization of host tissue. Chemical complementation of ΔTri5 did not restore macro- or microscopic phenotypes, indicating that DON secretion is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally. A comparative qualitative and quantitative morphological cellular analysis revealed infections had no impact on plant cell wall thickness. Immunolabelling of callose at plasmodesmata during infection indicates that DON can increase deposits when applied exogenously but is reduced when F. graminearum hyphae are present. This study highlights the complexity of the interconnected roles of mycotoxin production, cell wall architecture and plasmodesmata in this highly specialized interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 6","pages":"e13485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11178975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuqiang Zhao, Kun Yang, Yanxin Wang, Xu Li, Chengyao Xia, Yan Huang, Zhoukun Li, Cancan Zhu, Zhongli Cui, Xianfeng Ye
{"title":"A novel xylanase from a myxobacterium triggers a plant immune response in Nicotiana benthamiana.","authors":"Yuqiang Zhao, Kun Yang, Yanxin Wang, Xu Li, Chengyao Xia, Yan Huang, Zhoukun Li, Cancan Zhu, Zhongli Cui, Xianfeng Ye","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13488","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xylanases derived from fungi, including phytopathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi, are commonly known to trigger plant immune responses. However, there is limited research on the ability of bacterial-derived xylanases to trigger plant immunity. Here, a novel xylanase named CcXyn was identified from the myxobacterium Cystobacter sp. 0969, which displays broad-spectrum activity against both phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. CcXyn belongs to the glycoside hydrolases (GH) 11 family and shares a sequence identity of approximately 32.0%-45.0% with fungal xylanases known to trigger plant immune responses. Treatment of Nicotiana benthamiana with purified CcXyn resulted in the induction of hypersensitive response (HR) and defence responses, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulation of defence gene expression, ultimately enhancing the resistance of N. benthamiana to Phytophthora nicotianae. These findings indicated that CcXyn functions as a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) elicitor for plant immune responses, independent of its enzymatic activity. Similar to fungal xylanases, CcXyn was recognized by the NbRXEGL1 receptor on the cell membrane of N. benthamiana. Downstream signalling was shown to be independent of the BAK1 and SOBIR1 co-receptors, indicating the involvement of other co-receptors in signal transduction following CcXyn recognition in N. benthamiana. Moreover, xylanases from other myxobacteria also demonstrated the capacity to trigger plant immune responses in N. benthamiana, indicating that xylanases in myxobacteria are ubiquitous in triggering plant immune functions. This study expands the understanding of xylanases with plant immune response-inducing properties and provides a theoretical basis for potential applications of myxobacteria in biocontrol strategies against phytopathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 6","pages":"e13488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The F-box protein OsFBX156 positively regulates rice defence against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae by mediating ubiquitination-dependent degradation of OsHSP71.1.","authors":"Yudan Zhao, Xionghui Zhong, Guojuan Xu, Xiaoying Zhu, Yanlong Shi, Minghao Liu, Ruyi Wang, Houxiang Kang, Xiaoman You, Yuese Ning, Guo-Liang Wang, Xuli Wang","doi":"10.1111/mpp.13459","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mpp.13459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>F-box protein is a subunit of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which plays a critical role in regulating different pathways in plant immunity. In this study, we identified the rice (Oryza sativa) F-box protein OsFBX156, which targets the heat shock protein 70 (OsHSP71.1) to regulate resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of OsFBX156 or knockout of OsHSP71.1 in rice resulted in the elevation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and an induction burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after flg22 and chitin treatments, thereby enhancing resistance to M. oryzae. Furthermore, OsFBX156 can promote the degradation of OsHSP71.1 through the 26S proteasome pathway. This study sheds lights on a novel mechanism wherein the F-box protein OsFBX156 targets OsHSP71.1 for degradation to promote ROS production and PR gene expression, thereby positively regulating rice innate immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18763,"journal":{"name":"Molecular plant pathology","volume":"25 6","pages":"e13459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}