Minerva dental and oral science最新文献

{"title":"Virtual reality in specialized dentistry: employing virtual reality for the alleviation of pain and anxiety in hereditary angioedema patients.","authors":"Alessio Rosa, Riccardo De Angelis, Alberto M Pujia, Pierluigi Cardelli, Claudio Arcuri","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04961-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04961-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following an episode of hereditary angioedema (HAE), dental anxiety commonly arises, and many patients find it challenging to access proper care. While the use of virtual reality (VR) for pain and anxiety management in dentistry is on the rise, its application in individuals with angioedema remains largely unexplored. In a case series conducted at a specialized dental clinic, three patients with a history of acute angioedema attacks and dental anxiety engaged with 360° VR videos while seated in the dental chair, utilizing a virtual reality device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three patients with hereditary angioedema were treated by subjecting them to virtual immersion using VR glasses. Intraoperative reactions were analyzed using VAS scales in order to report the patients' level of anxiety and pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The outcomes, evaluated through a standard observation tool, surveys, and interviews, encompass the assessment of patient anxiety and pain, responses to VR, and the evaluation of system usability along with its impact on the dental team's workflow Three individuals underwent examination, from which three reliable questionnaires were obtained, demonstrating a success rate of 99.9%. The group included one male and two females, with their ages spanning from 6 to 58 years. The findings revealed an average anxiety score of 1.80 with a standard deviation of 0.6 points, and an average pain score of 1.98 with a standard deviation of 0.3, thus validating full immersion in distraction. Statistical analysis using independent-sample t-tests and ANOVA indicated no significant differences in anxiety levels among the patients based on gender. Both patients wore the VR device throughout the procedure, expressing that it was comfortable, diverting, and held the potential to alleviate anxiety and pain. The dentist noted a positive influence on patient anxiety levels and procedure completion times, expressing an intention to continue employing VR with other angioedema patients and across diverse clinical populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Virtual reality can be an excellent distraction tool in patients with hereditary angioedema who present at least one acute attack per year.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restorative and endodontic clinical strategies during COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: a revision of the literature.","authors":"Manuele Mancini, Flavio Palazzi, Francesco Iacono","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.05012-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.05012-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to analyze clinical strategies supported by validated references during two of the most frequent dental emergencies (i.e. restorative and endodontic treatment) in the COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of an emergency in the health system worldwide and a potentially fatal disease. Person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol and droplets led to extensive preventive measures to contain COVID-19 outbreak. Dental care providers have been exposed to a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body fluids during routine interventions; this can also contribute to a high risk for cross-infection, even though dentist usually cope with those situations in everyday practice. Restorative and endodontic emergencies represented a high proportion of dental emergencies, with prolonged exposure time for dentists/endodontists in contact with suspected or confirmed infected patients. Lack of knowledge and undefined progression controlled the decision-making in clinical dentistry. The dynamicity of the situation determined change of views and recommendations in dental setting. The implementation of strict restorative and endodontics protocols are aimed at preventing circumstances similar to those observed with COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical analysis of anatomy and classification of retromolar canal: an observational CBCT study.","authors":"Dardo Menditti, Pierluigi Mariani, Michele G Di Mare, Vittorio Patanè, Salvatore Cappabianca, Vittorio S Menditti, Antonio De Luca, Marco Menditti, Alfonso Reginelli","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.05011-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.05011-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The retromolar canal (RMC) is an anatomical structure of the mandibular bone located distal to the last molar. The frequency of anatomical variation in human anatomy is approximately 30-35%. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the retromolar canal in a population subjected to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The radiographic images belonged to 200 patients (100 males and 100 females; older than 13 years old) were examined following a strict protocol. Four hundred hemi-mandibles of 100 male and 100 female patients were examined between 2019 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The collected data showed 136 patients presented the RMC, bilateral in 72 cases (68%) and unilateral in the other 64 cases (32%). Gender variation did not yield statistically significant differences, with 76 male (56%) and 60 female (44%) patients affected (P>0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed for side predilection, with unilateral RMC more prevalent on the right side in 24 cases (37.5%) and on the left side in 40 cases (62.5%) (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the results obtained and other anatomical considerations, this study proposes a new classification for RMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and radiographic retrospective examination of data from patients who received endosseous zygomatic dental implants to support maxillary full-arch prostheses.","authors":"Giovanni-Battista Menchini-Fabris, Paolo Toti, Tommaso Grandi, Cesare Paoleschi, Luisa Paoleschi, Ugo Covani, Michele Di Cosola","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.05058-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.05058-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent decades, implant dentistry has evolved to become a highly predictable treatment modality in the rehabilitation of different types of edentulism. The present retrospective analysis aimed to report the middle-term outcome of severely atrophic jaws rehabilitated with extra-maxillary zygomatic implants placed in conjunction with standard implants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one patients were included in the present study with 62 zygomatic implants and 90 standard implants positioned. Outcome measures were prosthetic success/survival, implant success/survival, complications, modified Plaque Index (mPLI), modified Bleeding Index (mBI), mucosal seal efficacy evaluation (MSEE) >4 mm, and zygomatic implants classification level (ZICL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No implant and no prosthesis were lost; one patient had mucositis at one zygomatic implant; implant and prosthetic cumulative success rates at more than 3 years were respectively 98.4% and 87% using implant and patient as units of analysis. Mechanical and biological complications occurred in seven patients; all resolved. Eighty percent of the patients practiced proper hygiene and 77% of patients suffered absent or minor mucosal bleeding. Distribution of the variable \"mucosal seal efficacy evaluation\" led to 81% of sites with values less than 4, and 19% of sites with values higher than 4. In more than 80% of cases, so then, the zygomatic implants clinical level showed a level 1 at the end of the survey.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With 100% survival rates, zygomatic bilateral prosthetic configurations were an effective therapeutic option for individuals with highly reabsorbed maxillae undergoing initial full-arch fixed rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple method to identify implant sites in totally edentulous arches: a pilot study with thermo-printed templates used with cone beam computed tomography.","authors":"Enzo Cumbo, Giuseppe Gallina, Pietro Messina, Giuseppe A Scardina","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04998-2","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04998-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>All dental implants must be placed following radiological, clinical and aesthetic indications in compliance with prosthetic principles avoiding iatrogenic damage to patients. In implantology, among the key choices, to obtain predictable results, it is essential to establish (by cone beam computed tomography [CBCT]) the sites where to insert the implants; these sites must be identified, during the surgical phase, in the oral cavity. Surgical guides represent a valid aid especially in complex cases that require multiple implants. For some clinical conditions, expert operators choose the free hand technique during which identifying the chosen implant sites on CBCT in the oral cavity is more difficult.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study is based on the use of thermo-molded mask as an alternative to surgical guides when the freehand technique is adopted in totally edentulous patients. These innovative masks, containing radiopaque references, are initially worn by patients during the execution of the CBCT, and later during surgery to identify the implant sites in the oral cavity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The procedure described proved to be very useful and able to increase the precision of the freehand technique even if it does not provide information on the inclination of the implants. The metal references help clinical identification of the implant site.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our thermo-molded masks, in particular clinical conditions, could represent a valid and economical alternative to the classic surgical guide. The described procedure does not increase costs for the patient and significantly increases the precision in inserting the implants during free-hand techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro-angiogenic VEGF inhibition by cadaverine and hydrocinnamic acid metabolites: impairment of periodontal regeneration due to periodontal inflammation.","authors":"Pradeep K Yadalam, Raghavendra V Anegundi, Ramya Ramadoss, Deepti Shrivastava, Kumar C Srivastava, Rocco Franco, Giuseppe Minervini, Cesare D'Amico","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04929-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04929-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cadaverine and hydrocinnamic acid are frequent metabolites in inflamed periodontal areas. Their role as a metabolite for plant growth inhibition has been established, but their relevance in humans has yet to be determined. Moreover, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF) is a consistent growth factor in neo-angiogenesis in periodontal regeneration. The aim of the study was to utilize an in-silico approach to investigate the potential interaction between Cadaverine and hydrocinnamic acid, metabolites found in inflamed periodontal areas, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with a focus on understanding their role in periodontal regeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Desmond MD simulation is an efficient technique for analyzing the dynamics of protein-ligand complexes. The system is minimized and equilibrated after the protein-ligand combination has been solvated in a water box. The system is simulated for a desired time, typically 10-100 nanoseconds. The simulation data is examined to reveal the interactions between proteins and ligands, such as binding affinities, contact maps, and hydrogen bonding patterns. VEGF interactome of metabolites was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Docking interactions between hydrocinnamic acid and VEGF with binding energy -5.0 kcal/mol and docking interactions between Cadaverine and VEGF with -3.6 kcal/mol. Fluctuations in RMSD values remain within 2.0 for the simulation duration, which is perfectly fine. Ligand RMSD values fluctuated within 1.0 Angstrom up to 25 ns, flipped in ligand mode, regained equilibrium at 80 ns, and remained steady for the simulation duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current in-silico study suggests that metabolites like Cadaverine and hydrocinnamic acid, which are produced during periodontal inflammation, may have the ability to block pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors. This interference can have notable effects on the healing and regeneration of tissues by preventing the formation of blood vessels and the expression of VEGF.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal implants as a treatment alternative for severely resorbed ridges.","authors":"Fadia Awadalkreem, Kusai Baroudi, Giuseppe Minervini, Yazan Zaineh, Ebrahim Al-Mehdhar","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.05066-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-6329.24.05066-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes of basal implants in patients with severely resorbed ridges, including the survival and success rates, patient complaints, satisfaction, and Quality of Life.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>An extensive electronic search was conducted on the search engines: PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using Boolean Operators (AND, OR, NOT) and the key words (basal implants, Corticobasal implants, Strategic Implants, severely resorbed ridge, severely atrophic ridge, treatment outcome, patient satisfaction) within the last 10 years.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>A total of 21 articles were found, encompassing 9732 basal implants placed in 1219 patients. Thirteen studies had reported a success or survival rate with a range of 90.3-100% for intraoral basal implants and 88.2% and 92.9% for orbital and nasal implants, respectively. Four studies have reported failure rates with a range of 0.3-3.2%, while seven articles documented 0.3-2.4% mobility. The pain was reported in 6 studies (0.3-0.8), marginal bone loss (0.33-7.89 mm), an increase in bone density, and peri-implant bone contact were reported in 3 and 2 studies, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Basal implant-supported prostheses can be a practical treatment modality with high predictable survival or success rates, positive impacts on patient satisfaction, and improved quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boswellic acid exerts anti-tumor effect in oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting PI3K/AKT1 mediated signaling pathway.","authors":"Sathan Raj Natarajan, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghvan, Selvaraj Jayaraman, Maria Maddalena Marrapodi, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Marco Cicciù, Giuseppe Minervini","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04918-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04918-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Boswellic acid (BA) is a bioactive compound derived from Boswellia trees. This study aims to investigate the anti-cancer properties of BA against KB oral squamous cancer cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Escalating doses of BA were administered to KB cells, and various analyses were conducted using bioinformatic tools such as GEO, GEO2R, and STITCH database. MTT and trypan blue assays has been validated to measure the cytotoxicity by treating BA in KB Cells. Flow cytometry assessed cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction, and metabolic alterations. Network analysis identified relevant signaling pathways, while RT-PCR validated mRNA expression changes. Docking studies by Autodock evaluated beta-BA's binding affinity with mTOR-mediated pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BA effectively hindered KB cell progression, inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It also inhibited aerobic glycolysis, a hallmark of oral cancer cells. Network analysis revealed involvement in apoptosis and mTOR targets. RT-PCR confirmed downregulation of genes associated with aerobic glycolysis and apoptosis. Docking studies indicated strong binding between BA and mTOR pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BA shows promise in inhibiting KB oral squamous cancer cell growth. These findings underscore its potential as a treatment for oral cancer. Further research and clinical studies are needed to unlock its full therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conventional periodontal probing versus salivary biomarkers in diagnosis and evaluation of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Bukanakere S Sunila, Ganiga C Shivakumar, Nishath S Abdul, Neha Sudhakar, Rocco Franco, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Marco Cicciù, Giuseppe Minervini","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04867-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04867-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition that affects both the oral health and systemic well-being of individuals, particularly those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accurate diagnosis and evaluation of periodontal status are crucial for effective management of the disease. This narrative review aimed to compare the diagnostic and evaluative capabilities of conventional periodontal probing and salivary biomarkers in chronic periodontitis among individuals with T2DM. The available literature highlights the clinical utility of conventional periodontal probing as the gold standard for periodontal diagnosis and evaluation. It enables the assessment of clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing, providing valuable information about the severity and extent of periodontal disease. However, this approach has limitations, including its invasive nature, potential for examiner bias, and limited ability to detect early stages of periodontitis. In recent years, salivary biomarkers have emerged as promising diagnostic tools for periodontal diseases. Various biomarkers, such as inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and host-derived enzymes, have shown potential in differentiating periodontal health from disease and assessing disease activity. Salivary biomarker analysis offers advantages such as non-invasiveness, ease of collection, and the potential for chair-side testing. However, standardization of collection protocols, biomarker panels, and interpretation criteria remain a challenge. This narrative review provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of conventional periodontal probing and salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis and evaluation of chronic periodontitis in individuals with T2DM. Both approaches have their unique advantages and contribute valuable information in clinical practice. Combining conventional periodontal probing with salivary biomarker analysis holds promise for enhancing the accuracy and precision of periodontal disease diagnosis and monitoring in individuals with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the potential: a historical perspective on the evolution of exfoliative cytology in oral cavity neoplasms.","authors":"Luca Fiorillo, Cesare D'Amico, Francesca Gorassini, Vini Mehta, Giuseppe Minervini, Gabriele Cervino","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04857-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04857-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exfoliative cytology has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the early detection of malignant neoplasms. However, its application in the oral cavity has been met with skepticism and limited investigation due to the perception that clinical examination alone is sufficient for early diagnosis. Nonetheless, recent research efforts have focused on the utility of exfoliative cytology in oral cavity neoplasms, motivated by the high mortality rate associated with oral cancer. This manuscript reviews the historical development of exfoliative cytology in the oral cavity, highlighting key findings and advancements in the field. Early studies demonstrated the presence of neoplastic cells in oral cavity lesions and emphasized the diagnostic potential of cytology. Subsequent research explored different staining methods and observed the differential reaction of oral cavity cells to radiation therapy. The diagnostic accuracy of exfoliative cytology was reported to be as high as 92%, with a significant number of cases diagnosed as carcinomas without any clinical suspicion. The technique also proved valuable in identifying precancerous and dysplastic lesions and obviating the need for unnecessary biopsies. The manuscript delves into the difficulties encountered in sampling techniques and stresses the significance of appropriate specimen collection and handling. Various staining methods, including Papanicolaou and acridine orange, were utilized for cytological analysis. The manuscript emphasizes the extensive use of exfoliative cytology in oral cavity examinations and stresses the importance of recognizing it as a crucial diagnostic tool. Various studies have reported high positivity rates and the detection of clinically unsuspected malignant lesions. The authors recommend extensive use of exfoliative cytology in routine practice and underscore the necessity of proper sampling and evaluation techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}