Minerva dental and oral science最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the validity and consistency of antero-posterior skeletal dysplasia indicators: a comprehensive cephalometric study.","authors":"Varun Shankar, Raghunath Nagasundara Rao, Ganiga C Shivakumar, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Rocco Franco, Marco Cicciù, Giuseppe Minervini","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.23.04900-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.23.04900-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to check the reliability of different antero-posterior skeletal discrepancy indicators and to compare and correlate various craniofacial measurements taken from cephalometric radiographs, to check the reliability of the linear and angular geometric measurements in clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 60 pretreatment lateral cephalographs were taken. Eighteen cephalometric landmarks were marked and considered for the cephalometric measurements; 5 reference planes were considered; 9 linear measurements and 11 angular measurements were taken into consideration to check the reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values were calculated for all the parameters, for all 60 samples. Based on the results of the χ² test, Pi linear, AXD angle, Yen angle and Beta angle were significant at P<0.05. Pearsons correlation analysis yielded that Pi linear was negatively correlated with maxilla-mandibular differential. Yen, Beta, HBN and W angles were positively correlated with each other.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reliable parameters found in this study were Pi linear, YEN angle, Beta angle and AXD angle for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. In conclusion we found that utilization of at least a combination of two or more parameters for the diagnosis and treatment plan should be done in order to be able to yield accurate diagnosis and results.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical behavior of bone regeneration therapy with platelet-rich fibrin in cystic cavities: a systematic review.","authors":"Josmar C García, Henry A Guevara, Salvatore Crimi, Giuseppe Minervini, Carlos Manresa, Maria D Gonzalez, Leonardo Malavé, Marco Cicciù, Carlos F Millan-Golindano","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.04876-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.04876-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cysts are common pathology in the maxillofacial area. The treatment of choice consists of enucleation, regeneration of the created defect and achieving a primary closure. The platelet rich fibrin (PRF), developed by Joseph Choukroun, has been commonly use in the area of oral regeneration, thanks to its biological properties; some literature suggests the application in cystic cavities to not only avoids the collapse of tissue but also help regeneration be achieved in a shorter time, however, changes in the nature of the cells and lack of evidence in the literature continue to be a controversial issue. To analyze the current state of clinical knowledge and the potential of the use of PRF in the regeneration therapy of cystic cavities either alone or as a co-adjuvant of other biomaterials through a systematic review of the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The selection of articles was carried out following the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews protocol, with selection of articles between 2006 to 2022, without discriminating in English or Spanish using a keyword algorithm \"PRF jaw cyst,\" \"Platelet rich fibrin jaw cyst,\" \"platelet rich fibrin oral cyst,\" selected articles such as case reports, series of cases and comparative clinical studies were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 articles were included in this review where 154 cystic cavities were evaluated, mostly radicular cysts, treated with PRF alone or as coadjutant of some biomaterial where a successful regeneration was evidenced in a period of 3-6 months, without any complications presented in post-surgical controls, but the lack of histopathological information was an issue in several articles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although PRF seems to be a good regenerative therapy in oral surgery and no evidence was found that contraindicated its use in this cases, its applications in cystic cavities still needs more evidence in articles with less bias and more evidence such as comparative studies with control groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"282-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of different part-mouth recording methods using a modified tooth wear index.","authors":"Meena Jain, Vishal Jain, Roomani Srivastava, Saurabh Jain, Aparna Aggarwal, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Marco Cicciù, Giuseppe Minervini","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04895-2","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04895-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High prevalence of tooth wear (TW) worldwide makes it important to assess its level in different populations. In developing countries, a shift towards geriatric population makes the evaluation of this condition even more relevant. Most indices for tooth wear are full mouth indices, which make mass population screening challenging. The objective of this study was to establish whether part-mouth recordings using selective teeth can provide similar sensitivity of the modified tooth wear index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was carried out over 40 working days on 400 dentate individuals aged 14-70 years, having at least 16 scorable teeth. Firstly, full mouth tooth wear of study population was recorded and categorized into four groups based on severity and extent of tooth wear. Following this, group wise data extraction was done using the full mouth scores and six different types of part-mouth analyses was done to arrive at the system which provides the best sensitivity. These part-mouth recordings should be specific such that it can differentiate to the same groups of tooth wear in the reduced data as well. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS version 21.0 (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 83%, at least one tooth had the exposed dentine. Part-mouth recording using \"12 anterior teeth\" as index teeth showed a high level of sensitivity (87.8%) than others for measuring tooth wear data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of tooth wear is high and \"the part-mouth recording applied to the 12 anterior teeth\" is a faster and reliable method in large population surveys for measuring tooth wear.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publication rate of endodontic posters presented at the congresses of the College of Italian Dental Professors.","authors":"Giovanni Mergoni, Carlotta Napoli, Benedetta Ghezzi, Andrea Salvaterra Toffoli, Maddalena Manfredi","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.26.05211-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.26.05211-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since 1993, the annual Congress of the College of the Italian Dental Professors (CDUO) has been the most important multidisciplinary event involving all Italian dental schools. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the characteristics and fate of the posters' abstracts presented in the editions from 2015 to 2019 under the category \"Endodontics.\"</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Abstracts presented in the category Endodontics from 2015 and 2019 were retrieved from the conference proceedings and reviewed. The following data were extracted: year, title, authors, affiliation, topic and study design. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to determine if each abstract was subsequently published as a full article in an indexed journal. The publication rate was calculated as well as the independent predictors of publication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>118 endodontic posters from 19 Italian dental schools were assessed. The University of Turin submitted the most, followed by Catania and Rome La Sapienza. \"Mechanical Instrumentation\" was the most common topic, and 82% of the studies were in vitro/ex vivo. Of the 118 abstracts, 42 (35.6%) were published in full in indexed journals. Research collaboration and affiliation with the University of Catania significantly increased likelihood of publication. The published articles (N.=39) received a total of 1093 citations. Most appeared in the Journal of Endodontics and the International Endodontic Journal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over one-third of the endodontic abstracts presented at CDUO congresses progressed to full publication in indexed journals, generating a notable number of citations. These results highlight the solid quality of Italian endodontic research and its increasing visibility within the international scientific community.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"296-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the closure rate of premolar extraction space using nickel titanium spring and elastomeric chain: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Erum Ehsan, Ambreen A Ehsan, Hasnain Sakrani, Sara Altamash, Sadaf Siddiqui, Abhishek Lal, Naseer Ahmed, Artak Heboyan, Luca Fiorillo, Gustavo V O Fernandes","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05196-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05196-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the orthodontic space closure rate between power chains and nickel-titanium coil springs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this interventional, split-mouth quasi-experimental study, the participants were allocated into two groups: Space closure by nickel titanium (NiTi) spring and elastomeric chain. The canine retraction rate was measured to the nearest 0.1mm with a Boley's gauge, using the mesial wing of the premolar bracket and the distal wing of the canine bracket as reference points. Each measurement was taken three times, and the average value was used for analysis to enhance accuracy. Blinded operators conducted measurements. The paired t-test was used to test the hypothesis and evaluate the difference in canine retraction rates between NiTi and Power Chain groups. The p-value was considered to be statistically significant at less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 60 participants (24 females and 36 males). The mean age was 16±2.97 years (12-22 years). The sample consisted of 60 upper first premolar extraction cases on both sides. The mean canine retraction rate over 3-week intervals revealed statistically significant differences between these groups (P=0.026). The rate at 84 days proved to be significantly different (P=0.0001) between the power chain and NiTi group; the rate at 147 days showed a significant difference when the NiTi group was compared with the power chain group (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At all the follow-ups, the canine retraction was higher using NiTi springs than elastomeric chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"273-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of red blood cell parameters for signs of iron deficiency anemia in patients with oral diseases.","authors":"Kavithaa Rajasekaran, Kaviyarasi Renu, Kavitha Sankaran, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Gayathri Rengasamy, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, Marco Cicciù, Giuseppe Minervini","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04907-6","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.24.04907-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A lack of healthy red blood cells such as iron deficiency frequently consequences as anemia. In expectant women, iron deficiency increases the risk of developmental delays in the fetus. It is utilized to regenerate red blood cells (RBC), which determines the storage and transport of oxygen in the body. As for oral symptoms and indications, it has an inclusive of atrophic glossitis, oral mucosa atrophy, and oral mucosa tenderness or a sensation with burning in mouth. The objective is to determine RBC parameters for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) symptoms in oral disease patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Normal and oral disease patients' blood is collected in a 2-mL EDTA vial for the hematology analyzer. With file number SRB/SDC/UG-2155/22/493, the institutional ethical approval committee approved this study: 10 controls (without anemia) and 10 patients with oral disease (with anemia).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In oral disease patients with anemia, a decreased hemoglobin level is observed. In this study, nearly all anemic patients have IDA. In IDA, the RBC count decreases, the MCV decreases, the MCH decreases, and the RDW rises. We have analyzed various iron deficiency anemia indices. Ricercari and Eshani demonstrate a significant change in it.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In predicting iron deficiency anemia, our results indicate that oral patients have significant differences in hematological parameters that are individual. It demonstrates that oral disease patients are developing iron deficiency anemia than controls (healthy). Additionally, the discrimination indices reveal that they do not have hemoglobinopathies but rather iron deficiencies. Oral manifestations are more prevalent in Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients than in healthy patients, according to our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc-L-carnosine mouthwash in oral mucositis patients: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial.","authors":"Lucrezia Togni, Scilla Sparabombe, Marco Mascitti, Alberta Barlattani, Gaetano Isola, Lucio Lo Russo, Andrea Santarelli","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05074-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05074-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a zinc-L-carnosine mouthwash (Hepilor^®) in the treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients treated by radiation and/or chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 42 patients, randomly allocated to the Test Group (N.=22) or to the Control Group (N.=20), referred to University Hospital of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy. The oral mucositis and its adverse manifestation were evaluated by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria scales. Hepilor^® (4 rinses/day with 10 mL of pure product, for 3 minutes, for 30 days) was administered to the Test Group. To Control Group was prescribed 2 daily rinses with water and sodium bicarbonate, for one minute, for 30 days. Each evaluation was performed at the time of patient enrolment (t0), after 15 days (t1) and 30 days (t2) from the beginning of the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Test Group, the moderate and severe mucositis (t0: 61%), its related symptoms (t0: 5-59%), and the use of analgesics (t0: 63%) were significantly reduced, both at t1 (28%; 0-14%; 14%; P<0.0001) and at t2 (14%; 0-5%; 0%; P<0.0001). In Control Group, the patients with severe mucositis (t0: 10%) and oral symptoms (t0: 0-56%) notably increased, especially at t2 (35%; 10-75%), as well as analgesic drugs intake (t0: 35%; t2: 75%; P<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data confirm the clinical efficacy of Hepilor^® in the treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients. Together with an adequate oral hygiene, it reduced the severity of oral mucositis and its related symptoms, improving patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"263-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External apical root resorption in endodontically treated versus vital teeth following orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.","authors":"Alfredo DE Rosa, Eleonora Lo Muzio, Mariarosaria Boccellino, Maria E Bizzoca, Angela Tisci, Mario Dioguardi, Caterina Lovece, Francesco Fanelli, Stefania Cantore, Andrea Ballini","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05285-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05285-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent iatrogenic effect of orthodontic tooth movement. Whether endodontically treated teeth (ETT) are more prone to EARR than teeth with vital pulp tissue (VPT) remains uncertain and is clinically relevant for interdisciplinary treatment planning. This review aimed to compare the extent of EARR in ETT versus VPT after orthodontic treatment and to identify factors associated with EARR in ETT.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook was conducted. PubMed was searched for observational human studies assessing orthodontic movement in ETT with contralateral VPT as controls. Eligible studies used micro-CT, CBCT, or panoramic radiographs to measure EARR and adopted prospective or retrospective cohort designs. Extracted data included sample characteristics, tooth type, orthodontic mechanics, imaging methods, and EARR outcomes. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Six studies met the inclusion criteria and involved both adolescent and adult patients. Overall, the evidence indicated that orthodontic treatment does not increase EARR in ETT compared with VPT. Four studies reported significantly less EARR in ETT, while two found no significant differences. Three-dimensional imaging generally demonstrated smaller resorption volumes or surface changes in ETT. Extraction-based mechanics tended to correlate with greater EARR in vital teeth, whereas unresolved periapical pathosis in ETT was associated with increased resorption. Findings regarding age, sex, treatment duration, and tooth type were inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current evidence suggests that orthodontic movement of ETT is at least as safe - and often less associated with EARR - than movement of teeth with vital pulp. Orthodontic loading should be delayed in ETT presenting with untreated periapical lesions. Further high-quality studies using standardized 3D assessments are needed to guide interdisciplinary protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"214-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic aspects of 3D printing in restorative dentistry: a scoping review.","authors":"Maria G Packaeser, Amanda M DE Oliveira Dal Piva, Cornelis J Kleverlaan, João P Mendes Tribst","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05258-1","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05258-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The literature lacks a comprehensive evaluation of 3D printing in restorative dentistry, particularly regarding its cost-efficiency, material waste, production time, and environmental impact compared to traditional methods. This scoping review aims to systematically map current literature on the economic, environmental aspects, and clinical outcomes of traditional manufacturing compared to additive 3D printing methods for dental prosthesis materials.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a literature search was conducted in March 2025 across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Studies investigating the costs of materials, labor, equipment, and production times of milled, pressed techniques, and 3D printing for crowns, bridges, and dentures were included. Data were independently extracted and analyzed, emphasizing cost-effectiveness, material waste, environmental impact, and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Out of 185 identified studies, 9 met the inclusion criteria, comprising in vitro, clinical trials, retrospective clinical studies, and comparative economic analyses. Evidence suggests that 3D printing exhibits lower material costs, lower initial investments, and less waste compared to the milling manufacturing method. While milling provides higher accuracy and faster production for single-unit restorations, 3D printing demonstrates superior cost-effectiveness, especially in high-volume scenarios, with notable reductions in material waste and environmental impact. Clinical performance between methods appears comparable in terms of patient satisfaction, retention, and performance, though milling achieves marginally higher precision. Furthermore, willingness to pay analysis favors milled prosthesis when it comes to patient preferences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite milling being favored for cases demanding high precision and mechanical strength, 3D printing is advantageous for cost-efficiency and sustainability, particularly for large-scale or provisional restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"200-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147365797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of endodontic irrigating solutions: balancing efficacy, biocompatibility, and clinical relevance.","authors":"Manuele Mancini","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05201-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6329.25.05201-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endodontic irrigation is an indispensable component of successful root canal treatment, serving as a critical adjunct to mechanical instrumentation in achieving disinfection, smear layer removal, and debris dissolution. This comprehensive review delves into the contemporary landscape of endodontic irrigating solutions, meticulously evaluating their efficacy in achieving these objectives while considering their biocompatibility and clinical applicability. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains the cornerstone of irrigation protocols due to its potent antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving properties, yet its inherent cytotoxicity necessitates judicious application. Alternative irrigants, including chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and emerging agents like QMix and MTAD, offer varying degrees of efficacy and biocompatibility. This review meticulously examines the mechanisms of action, advantages, and limitations of these solutions, underscoring the significance of understanding their interactions and the imperative for ongoing research to refine irrigation protocols for enhanced clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the review explores the impact of irrigation techniques, delivery systems, and the role of novel technologies in optimizing the effectiveness of irrigating solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18709,"journal":{"name":"Minerva dental and oral science","volume":" ","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}