{"title":"The association between difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis and probable sarcopenia.","authors":"Yoshifumi Ohashi, Mochihito Suzuki, Yasumori Sobue, Kenya Terabe, Shuji Asai, Nobunori Takahashi, Shiro Imagama","doi":"10.1093/mr/roae116","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mr/roae116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify factors associated with probable sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Probable sarcopenia was diagnosed using the SARC-F questionnaire. Patients with difficult-to-treat RA (D2T-RA) were defined as those with a history of using ≥2 biological/targeted synthetic (b/ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) who had moderate or high disease activity. Among 486 patients, 101 were classified into the probable sarcopenia group (SARC-F ≥4), and 385 were classified into the non-probable sarcopenia group (SARC-F <4). Factors associated with probable sarcopenia were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Additionally, patients were divided into the D2T-RA (n = 38) and non-D2T-RA (n = 448) groups, and the proportion of probable sarcopenia and RA treatment status were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factors associated with probable sarcopenia included age [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.03], body mass index (OR: 1.16), D2T-RA (OR: 3.39), and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (OR: 1.38), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.77). The proportion of probable sarcopenia was significantly higher (60.5% vs. 17.4%), and the rate of methotrexate use was significantly lower (34.2% vs. 64.1%), in the D2T-RA group than in the non-D2T-RA group. Moreover, in the D2T-RA group, most patients used two or three b/tsDMARDs (two: 68.4%, three: 21.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>D2T-RA was associated with probable sarcopenia. Tight control by treatment enhancement may help overcome sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":"410-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshiya Tanaka, Tatsuya Atsumi, Masato Okada, Tomoya Miyamura, Tomonori Ishii, Susumu Nishiyama, Ryutaro Matsumura, Yosuke Morishima, Yoshiyuki Yamaguchi, Gabriel Abreu, Catharina Lindholm, Eric F Morand, Tsutomu Takeuchi
{"title":"Disease activity and glucocorticoid tapering patterns in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with anifrolumab: Post hoc analysis of the Japanese subpopulation of the TULIP-2 study.","authors":"Yoshiya Tanaka, Tatsuya Atsumi, Masato Okada, Tomoya Miyamura, Tomonori Ishii, Susumu Nishiyama, Ryutaro Matsumura, Yosuke Morishima, Yoshiyuki Yamaguchi, Gabriel Abreu, Catharina Lindholm, Eric F Morand, Tsutomu Takeuchi","doi":"10.1093/mr/roae105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mr/roae105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of anifrolumab in disease activity and glucocorticoid (GC) tapering patterns in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed disease activity and GC tapering in the Japanese subpopulation (anifrolumab, n = 24; placebo, n = 19) of the Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway (TULIP-2) trial, which showed the efficacy and safety of anifrolumab in patients with moderate-to-severe active SLE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of patients who achieved a British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment response at Week 52 was greater in the anifrolumab group than in the placebo group [50.0% (12/24) vs 15.8% (3/19); P = .014]. Lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) was achieved at Week 52 by 9/24 (37.5%) and 3/19 (15.8%) patients receiving anifrolumab and placebo, respectively. During the 52-week study period, in the anifrolumab vs placebo groups, 5/24 (20.8%) patients were in LLDAS ≥50% of the observed time vs 0/19 (0.0%), and 14/24 (58.3%) vs 6/19 (31.6%) patients were classified into favourable GC tapering patterns. Anifrolumab had an acceptable tolerability profile, consistent with the overall population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the Japanese subpopulation of the TULIP-2 trial, anifrolumab resulted in improvements in disease activity to those reported for the overall population, suggesting a beneficial effect for disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":"470-477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 2023 revised diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis.","authors":"Masatoshi Kanda, Ken Nagahata, Masafumi Moriyama, Ken-Ichi Takano, Ryuta Kamekura, Hajime Yoshifuji, Hiroto Tsuboi, Motohisa Yamamoto, Hisanori Umehara, Masataka Umeda, Mizuki Sakamoto, Takashi Maehara, Yoshino Inoue, Satoshi Kubo, Tetsuo Himi, Tomoki Origuchi, Yasufumi Masaki, Tsuneyo Mimori, Hiroaki Dobashi, Yoshiya Tanaka, Seiji Nakamura, Hiroki Takahashi","doi":"10.1093/mr/roae096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mr/roae096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>For the diagnosis of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis, either revised comprehensive diagnostic criteria or organ-specific diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis in 2008 were applied; however, the collected knowledge for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis required us to revise the criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The board member of Japanese Study Group for IgG4-related Dacryoadenitis and Sialadenitis revised the diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis. We collected the clinical questions to be revised and performed a review of the literature. When the data were insufficient, additional data collection was performed. After the revision, public comments were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three major points were revised. (1) Asymmetric or under two pairs of dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis were included as IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis. (2) The thresholds of IgG4-positive cell infiltration were adjusted to an IgG4+/IgG+ ratio >0.4 and IgG4+ cells >10 per high power field. (3) The labial salivary gland biopsy was allowed to diagnose IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The revised diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis solved several issues with the previous criteria. It will improve the early diagnosis of IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis, especially in situations without enough resources for a biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":"542-547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomonori Ishii, Hideaki Kunishige, Tamami Kobayashi, Etsuko Hayashi, Masaki Komatsubara, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Jun Tamaoki, Peter Howarth
{"title":"Real-world safety and effectiveness of mepolizumab for patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japan: Long-term observation of the MARS study.","authors":"Tomonori Ishii, Hideaki Kunishige, Tamami Kobayashi, Etsuko Hayashi, Masaki Komatsubara, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Jun Tamaoki, Peter Howarth","doi":"10.1093/mr/roae100","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mr/roae100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide long-term, real-world safety and effectiveness data for mepolizumab treatment in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MARS (NCT04551989) was a real-world, observational study of patients who had previously completed the PMS study [NCT03557060; ≥96 weeks of mepolizumab treatment before study entry (baseline)] and continued receiving four-weekly mepolizumab 300 mg subcutaneously for a further 96 weeks. Safety outcomes were assessed from baseline to Week 96 (observation period); clinical outcomes were assessed pre-mepolizumab initiation (retrospective period) and during the observation period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 118 patients enrolled in the study, 58% (69/118) experienced adverse events and 22% (26/118) experienced serious adverse events over the observation period; none were mepolizumab-related. Over the study (pre-mepolizumab period, baseline, and end of observation period), the proportion of patients with no clinical symptoms increased (from 6% to 27% to 32%, respectively), median oral glucocorticoid dose decreased (from 6.9 to 3.0 to 2.0 mg/day, respectively), and the proportion of oral glucocorticoid-free patients increased (from 8% to 31% to 36%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term MARS study data are consistent with the known safety profile of mepolizumab. Over 192 weeks (pre-mepolizumab observation), mepolizumab was well tolerated, with improvements in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis disease control and reductions in oral glucocorticoid use.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":"505-515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy of anifrolumab in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with serological manifestations: A post hoc analysis of the Japan subgroup of the TULIP-2 trial.","authors":"Yoshiya Tanaka, Tatsuya Atsumi, Masato Okada, Tomoya Miyamura, Tomonori Ishii, Susumu Nishiyama, Ryutaro Matsumura, Nobuya Hayashi, Takahiro Matsumoto, Toshiki Yabe-Wada, Yoshiyuki Yamaguchi, Gabriel Abreu, Catharina Lindholm, Tsutomu Takeuchi","doi":"10.1093/mr/roae111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mr/roae111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the efficacy of anifrolumab versus placebo in Japanese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low complement (C3 or C4) and/or who are positive for anti-double stranded DNA antibodies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive post hoc analysis of Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations in the Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway-2 (TULIP-2) trial who received either anifrolumab or placebo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 43 patients enrolled, 79.2% (19/24) and 73.7% (14/19) had low C3, low C4, and/or were positive for anti-double stranded DNA antibodies at baseline in the anifrolumab and placebo groups, respectively. At Week 52, 52.6% (10/19) and 7.1% (1/14) patients in the anifrolumab and placebo groups, respectively, achieved a British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) response. The proportion of patients who tapered their glucocorticoid (GC) dose throughout the study, without increasing their dose, or who sustained baseline GC doses of ≤7.5 mg/day was numerically higher in the anifrolumab group [78.9% (15/19)] than in the placebo group [50.0% (7/14)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In line with the clinical profile of anifrolumab in the TULIP-2 study, the efficacy of anifrolumab was shown in Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations achieving a BICLA response, and with tapered GC dose or sustained GC doses of ≤7.5 mg/day.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":"458-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Clinical Practice of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Japanese Health Insurance Claims Data (2016-2020).","authors":"Takako Miyamae, Ryoko Sakai, Yuzaburo Inoue, Daigo Kato, Eisuke Inoue, Toru Hirano, Kazushi Izawa, Dai Kishida, Masakazu Matsushita, Kanako Mitsunaga, Masaaki Mori, Hidehiko Narazaki, Ryuta Nishikomori, Masaki Shimizu, Takahiko Sugihara, Shuji Sumitomo, Takayuki Tanaka, Susumi Yamazaki, Ken Yamaji, Naoto Yokogawa, Hajime Yoshifuji, Eiichi Tanaka, Masayoshi Harigai","doi":"10.1093/mr/roaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mr/roaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims investigates real-world data on the demographics, prescribing practices, and healthcare costs of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with polyarthritis or oligoarthritis compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in adolescents and young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) claims database for fiscal years (FY) 2016-2020 were analyzed. JIA and RA were defined as having at least 2 months of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) prescriptions and corresponding ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) codes for each FY. Therapeutic drug prescriptions and direct medical costs were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,064,539 eligible individuals aged 18-29, 202 were identified with JIA and 2,758 with RA. The prescription rate of b/tsDMARDs (biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs) for RA remained stable at approximately 40% between FY 2016 and FY 2020. However, from FY 2018 onward, the rate was significantly higher for JIA, reaching approximately 60% (p < 0.05). In FY 2020, biosimilar prescriptions accounted for 15% in RA but only 3% in JIA. Direct medical costs for JIA were 1.6 times higher than those for RA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with JIA were more frequently prescribed tsDMARDs and less likely to receive biosimilars, contributing to higher healthcare costs compared to RA patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consideration of useful patient-reported outcome measures to identify unmet medical needs of children and adults with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.","authors":"Shuji Sumitomo, Toru Hirano, Akinori Moriichi, Yuzaburo Inoue, Hidehiko Narazaki, Mitsuyo Inoue, Naoto Yokogawa, Naotomo Kambe, Tomoyuki Mukai, Kazushi Izawa, Dai Kishida, Hajime Yoshifuji, Ken Yamaji, Ryuta Nishikomori, Masaaki Mori, Takako Miyamae","doi":"10.1093/mr/roaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mr/roaf036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases experience difficult physical, mental, and social situations and have various unmet medical needs (UMNs). To provide appropriate solutions for these patients, an accurate understanding of their UMNs is necessary. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) reflect the problems of patients and are highly likely to be useful in understanding patient needs. This article reviews established PRO measures from the perspective of determining those appropriate for identifying the UMNs of patients with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. To consider appropriate PRO measures, discussions were held by experts at the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare group meetings. The possibility of developing a method to collect PRO data electronically using information and communication technology was also considered. The experts proposed 28 measures, both disease-specific and non-disease-specific, as candidates. It was confirmed that linguistic validation was important and that measures obtained from adults and children could not be considered together. A migration from paper to digital PRO measures was not conducted due to the need for ensuring accuracy and the shortage of technical and financial support. Appropriate non-disease-specific PRO measures were considered to be the KINDL® and EQ-5D-Y for children and the SF-36v2® and EQ-5D™ for adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Verification of unmet medical needs in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Japan.","authors":"Masaki Shimizu, Eisuke Inoue, Ryoko Sakai, Yuzaburo Inoue, Kanako Mitsunaga, Takahiko Sugihara, Toru Hirano, Kazushi Izawa, Dai Kishida, Masakazu Matsushita, Masaaki Mori, Hidehiko Narazaki, Ryuta Nishikomori, Shuji Sumitomo, Takayuki Tanaka, Susumu Yamazaki, Ken Yamaji, Naoto Yokogawa, Hajime Yoshifuji, Takako Miyamae","doi":"10.1093/mr/roaf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mr/roaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify unmet medical needs (UMNs) of medical practices and investigate the real-world prescribing practices of therapeutic medical treatments and test implementation for patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Possible UMNs were collected from eight pediatric and eight adult rheumatologists. To verify UMNs, the real-world prescribing practices of therapeutic medical treatments and test implementation for patients with JIA were described using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight possible UMNs collected from 16 experts and 35 UMNs were investigated using NDB. The highest priority UMNs was the expansion of indications for subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ sc) and subcutaneous abatacept (ABT sc)-TCZ sc was administered to 12.8% systemic JIA and 5.5% JIA with polyarthritis or oligoarthritis. Comorbidities for systemic JIA and JIA with polyarthritis or oligoarthritis included hypertension (7.1%, 1.3%), osteoporosis (17%, 5.4%), depression (2.3%, 1.3%), diabetes (1.9% systemic JIA), and iritis and/or uveitis (6.5% JIA with polyarthritis or oligoarthritis).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The highest priority UMNs for JIA was the expansion of indications for ABT sc and especially TCZ sc. This study reveals the real-world prescribing practices of therapeutic medical treatments and test implementation for patients with JIA in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association between hydroxychloroquine concentrations and its efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Hiroshi Takei, Masayuki Hashiguchi, Satoshi Takanashi, Hironari Hanaoka, Jun Kikuchi, Keiko Yoshimoto, Tsuyoshi Shiga, Mikiko Shimizu, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Yuko Kaneko","doi":"10.1093/mr/roaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mr/roaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between serum concentrations of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its derivatives and clinical efficacy in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with active RA despite conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were recruited, and HCQ was administered for 24 weeks in addition to the prior treatment. Serum concentrations of HCQ, desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ), desethylchloroquine (DCQ) and bisdesethylchloroquine (BCQ) were measured at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 32. Association between each serum concentration and achievement of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20/50/70 was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine patients whose sera were available were included in the analysis. The serum concentrations of HCQ, DHCQ, DCQ and BCQ reached plateau at week 4 and remained at the stable levels during the 24 weeks. The concentrations of HCQ, DHCQ, DCQ and BCQ at week 24 was higher in patients who achieved ACR20 than in those who did not. Furthermore, higher serum concentrations of DHCQ and BCQ were also associated with the achievement of ACR50 and ACR70, while those of HCQ and DCQ were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum concentrations of HCQ and its derivatives are associated with clinical effectiveness of HCQ in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18705,"journal":{"name":"Modern Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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