Microbial drug resistance最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>fosA3</i> Gene in Fosfomycin-Resistant <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) and Characterization of Two Positive Strains.","authors":"Cristina Loras,&nbsp;María Pérez-Vázquez,&nbsp;Andrea González Prieto,&nbsp;Jesús Oteo-Iglesias,&nbsp;Juan-Ignacio Alós","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2022.0269","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2022.0269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmid-mediated resistance to fosfomycin has been seldom described in <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>. We report two strains harboring <i>fosA3</i> gene. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a plasmid that encoded <i>fosA3</i> gene flanked by two insertion sequence (IS)<i>26</i> mobile elements. Both strains also produced the <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-65 gene that was located in the same plasmid. The sequence detected was IS1182-<i>bla</i>_CTX-M-65-orf1-orf2-IS26-IS26-<i>fosA</i>3-orf1-orf2-orf3-IS26. The importance of this transposon lies in its ability to spread in <i>Enterobacterales</i>, therefore, epidemiological surveillance should be carried out.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"444-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9250966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonization of Residents and Staff of an Italian Long-Term Care Facility and an Adjacent Acute Care Hospital Geriatrics Unit by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.","authors":"Maria Teresa Nitti,&nbsp;Ferisa Sleghel,&nbsp;Malgorzata Kaczor,&nbsp;Richard Aschbacher,&nbsp;Elena Moroder,&nbsp;Angela Maria Di Pierro,&nbsp;Francesca Piscopiello,&nbsp;Melissa Spalla,&nbsp;Aurora Piazza,&nbsp;Roberta Migliavacca,&nbsp;Elisabetta Pagani","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2023.0019","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2023.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, we undertook a point prevalence screening study for <i>Enterobacterales</i> with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), high-level AmpC cephalosporinases and carbapenemases, and also methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a long-term care facility (LTCF) and the associated acute-care hospital Geriatrics unit in Bolzano, Northern Italy. Urine samples and rectal, inguinal, oropharyngeal, and nasal swabs were plated on selective agar plates. Metadata of the patients, including demographic data, were collected, and risk factors for colonization were determined. ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemase, and quinolone resistance genes were investigated by the HybriSpot 12 PCR AUTO System. The following colonization percentages by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have been found in LTCF residents: all MDR organisms, 59.5%; ESBL producers, 46.0% (mainly CTX-M-type enzymes); carbapenemase producers, 1.1% (one <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> with KPC-type); MRSA, 4.5%; VRE, 6.7%. Colonization by MDR bacteria was 18.9% for LTCF staff and 45.0% for Geriatrics unit patients. Peripheral vascular disease, the presence of any medical device, cancer, and a Katz Index of 0 were significant risk factors for colonization of LTCF residents by MDR bacteria in univariate and/or multivariate regression analysis. To conclude, the ongoing widespread diffusion of MDR bacteria in the LTCF suggests that efforts should be strengthened on MDR screening, implementation of infection control strategies, and antibiotic stewardship programs targeting the unique aspects of LTCFs. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: 0530250-BZ Reg01 30/08/2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9752705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocides in the Hospital Environment: Application and Tolerance Development.","authors":"Catarina Geraldes,&nbsp;Luís Tavares,&nbsp;Solange Gil,&nbsp;Manuela Oliveira","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2023.0074","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2023.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hospital-acquired infections are a rising problem with consequences for patients, hospitals, and health care workers. Biocides can be employed to prevent these infections, contributing to eliminate or reduce microorganisms' concentrations at the hospital environment. These antimicrobials belong to several groups, each with distinct characteristics that need to be taken into account in their selection for specific applications. Moreover, their activity is influenced by many factors, such as compound concentration and the presence of organic matter. This article aims to review some of the chemical biocides available for hospital infection control, as well as the main factors that influence their efficacy and promote susceptibility decreases, with the purpose to contribute for reducing misusage and consequently for preventing the development of resistance to these antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"456-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in China.","authors":"Zhiwen Cui,&nbsp;Lirui Wang,&nbsp;Min Feng","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2022.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2022.0280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CR-KP) are an important public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with CR-KP. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients with CR-KP infection. A total of 615 patients with CR-KP infection were identified and 135 patients who did not meet the eligibility criteria were excluded. Clinical characteristics, antimicrobial regimens, and patient outcomes were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The overall mortality rate of CR-KP infections was 37.3% and the mortality rate in patients with bloodstream infections was 66.2%. Survival analysis revealed that there were statistically significant differences between patients with bloodstream infections and those with pulmonary and drainage fluid infections. Logistics regression analysis showed that hemopathy, age >60 years, solid tumors, diabetes, septic shock, acute kidney injury, and stroke were independent predictors of 30-day mortality rate. The chi-square test showed that treatment with a combination of carbapenems, tigecycline, and polymyxin B was superior to treatment with carbapenems with polymyxin B, without tigecycline. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CR-KP infections, especially bloodstream infections, have a high mortality rate. The outcome is strongly dependent on patients' clinical conditions. Antimicrobial regimens combining carbapenems, tigecycline, and polymyxin B might be a better choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":"29 9","pages":"401-406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10515162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Analysis of a Linezolid-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus capitis</i> Causing Bacteremia: Report from a University Hospital in Central Italy.","authors":"Lucia Brescini,&nbsp;Simona Fioriti,&nbsp;Sonia N Coccitto,&nbsp;Marzia Cinthi,&nbsp;Marina Mingoia,&nbsp;Oscar Cirioni,&nbsp;Andrea Giacometti,&nbsp;Eleonora Giovanetti,&nbsp;Gianluca Morroni,&nbsp;Andrea Brenciani","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2022.0330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2022.0330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although coagulase negative staphylococci are rarely associated with complicated diseases, in some cases they cause life-threatening infections. Here we described a clinical case of a bacteremia due to a methicillin- and linezolid-resistant <i>Staphylococcus capitis</i> in a patient previously treated with linezolid. Whole genome sequencing revealed the common mutation G2576T in all rDNA 23S alleles and several acquired resistance genes. Moreover, the isolate was epidemiologically distant from the NRCS-A clade, usually responsible for nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units. Our findings further confirm the ability of minor staphylococci to acquire antibiotic resistances and challenge the treatment of these infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":"29 9","pages":"388-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10511472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole Genome Sequencing of an Extensively Drug-Resistant <i>Raoultella planticola</i> Isolate Containing <i>bla</i>_KPC-2, <i>bla</i>_NDM-1, and <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-15.","authors":"Paulo Victor Batista Marini,&nbsp;Eliandro Reis Tavares,&nbsp;Cintia Werner Motter,&nbsp;Letícia Busato Migliorini,&nbsp;Romário Oliveira de Sales,&nbsp;Nayara Helisandra Fedrigo,&nbsp;Danielle Rosani Shinohara,&nbsp;Mariangela Hungria,&nbsp;Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Bronharo Tognim","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2022.0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2022.0229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Raoultella planticola</i> harboring genes that confer resistance to antimicrobials, such as carbapenems, have been associated with severe infections in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we reported the first whole genome sequence of a Brazilian isolate of <i>R. planticola</i> and the genomic context of antibiotic resistance markers. By whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a carbapenem-resistant <i>R. planticola</i> isolate, RpHUM1, we found 23 resistance-encoding genes belonging to 9 classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, macrolides, phenicols, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and diaminopyrimidine derivatives) and 3 plasmids (RpHUM1pEaer-4382s, RpHUM1_pFDAARGOS_440, and RpHUM1pRSF1010). This isolate coharbored the genes <i>bla</i>_KPC-2, which is carried by the plasmid RpHUM1pEaer-4382s, and <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 and <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-15 all located in the accessory genome. In addition, these genes were associated with, at least, one mobile genetic element. This comprehensive knowledge is of great importance for implementation of control measures to prevent the rapid dissemination of this neglected microorganism and their genetic resistance background.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":"29 9","pages":"392-400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Letter from the Editor-in-Chief.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2023.29006.igb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2023.29006.igb","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":"29 9","pages":"387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10513562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Attributes of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilm-Associated in Resistance Against Multidrug and Host Immune System.","authors":"Dushyant Kumar,&nbsp;Awanish Kumar","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2022.0347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2022.0347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the ubiquitous hospital-acquired infections is associated with <i>Candida albicans</i> fungus. Usually, this commensal fungus causes no harm to its human host, as it lives mutually with mucosal/epithelial tissue surface cells. Nevertheless, due to the activity of various immune weakening factors, this commensal starts reinforcing its virulence attributes with filamentation/hyphal growth and building an absolute microcolony composed of yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal cells, which is suspended in an extracellular gel-like polymeric substance (EPS) called biofilms. This polymeric substance is the mixture of the secreted compounds from <i>C. albicans</i> as well as several host cell proteins. Indeed, the presence of these host factors makes their identification and differentiation process difficult by host immune components. The gel-like texture of the EPS makes it sticky, which adsorbs most of the extracolonial compounds traversing through it that aid in penetration hindrance. All these factors further contribute to the multidrug resistance phenotype of <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm that is spotlighted in this article. The mechanisms it employs to escape the host immune system are also addressed effectively. The article focuses on cellular and molecular determinants involved in the resistance of <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm against multidrug and the host immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":"29 9","pages":"423-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> Isolated from Bovine Feces in Italy Shares <i>optrA</i>- and <i>poxtA</i>-Carrying Plasmids with Enterococci from Switzerland.","authors":"Marzia Cinthi,&nbsp;Sonia Nina Coccitto,&nbsp;Serena Simoni,&nbsp;Carla Vignaroli,&nbsp;Andrea Brenciani,&nbsp;Eleonora Giovanetti","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2023.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2023.0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the occurrence of oxazolidinone resistance genes, 18 florfenicol-resistant enterococci were isolated from 66 fecal samples collected from several cattle farms in central Italy. The PCR screening indicated that only a bovine florfenicol-resistant isolate, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> 249031-C, was positive for the presence of <i>optrA</i> and <i>poxtA</i> genes. The strain was tested for its susceptibility to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, linezolid, tedizolid, tetracycline, erythromycin, and vancomycin. Whole Genome Sequencing analysis showed that <i>E. faecium</i> 249031-C, belonging to the ST22 lineage, harbored two plasmids: the <i>optrA</i>-carrying p249031-S (179 kb) and the <i>poxtA</i>-carrying p1818-c (23 kb). p249031-S, containing a new <i>optrA</i>-carrying Tn<i>7695</i> transposon, was closely related to the plasmid pF88_1 of <i>E. faecium</i> F88, whereas p1818-c had already been detected in a human <i>E. faecium</i>, both enterococci were from Switzerland. The linezolid resistance genes were cotransferred to the <i>E. faecium</i> 64/3 recipient. Circular forms from both <i>optrA</i>- and <i>poxtA</i>-carrying genetic contexts were obtained. The occurrence of oxazolidinone resistance genes in a bovine <i>E. faecium</i> isolate and their localization on conjugative and mobilizable plasmids pose a risk for public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":"29 9","pages":"438-442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10156705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Activity of Cefiderocol, Cefepime-Zidebactam, and β-Lactam Combinations Versus Other Antibiotic Classes Against Various Sequence Types of Clinically Isolated Carbapenemase-Producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.","authors":"Phadungkiat Khamnoi, Noppadon Jumroon, Jakkrit Khamphakul, Narong Chaihongsa, Pitak Santanirand","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2023.0070","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2023.0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Aim:</i></b> This study aimed to establish the <i>in vitro</i> efficacy and susceptibility profiles of new β-lactam antibiotics against clinically isolated carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CPKP) strains. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 117 nonduplicated CPKP isolates were tested against cefiderocol, cefepime-zidebactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, tigecycline, and other 20 antibiotics by broth microdilution. The carbapenemase genes were identified using PCR and sequencing, while multilocus sequence typing established the bacterial strains. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Three significant sequence types (STs), including ST147, ST16, and ST11, were shown to be the dominant STs, which occupied ∼90% of the tested population. Three carbapenemase genes, <i>bla</i>_NDM-1, <i>bla</i>_OXA-181, and <i>bla</i>_OXA-232, were detected. The <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 was found in ST147 and ST16 but not in ST11, while the <i>bla</i>_OXA-232 was not detected in ST147. The majority of ST16 isolates contained both <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 and <i>bla</i>_OXA-232, which was not seen in other strains. Cefiderocol, cefepime-zidebactam, and tigecycline were the most active agents against CPKP. Both MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ of these three antibiotics remained within the susceptible categories, while nearly all other antibiotics were in the resistant levels. However, in ST11, which carried only <i>bla</i>_OXA genes without <i>bla</i>_NDM-1, ceftazidime-avibactam was effective with the MIC₉₀ at 2 μg/mL. In addition, amikacin was shown to have good activity in ST11. In contrast, gentamicin was active in only ST16 and ST147. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study is the first report that demonstrates the prevalence of CPKP, distribution of strains, resistant genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in northern Thailand. These data would contribute to appropriate individual treatment and the selection of infection control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":"29 9","pages":"416-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10149788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}