The TAC1 Gene in Candida albicans: Structure, Function, and Role in Azole Resistance: A Mini-Review.

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Microbial drug resistance Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-21 DOI:10.1089/mdr.2023.0334

Amir Hossein Mahdizade, Akbar Hoseinnejad, Mona Ghazanfari, Mohammad Javad Boozhmehrani, Seyed Sobhan Bahreiny, Mahdi Abastabar, Roberta Galbo, Letterio Giuffrè, Iman Haghani, Orazio Romeo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by Candida species, with Candida albicans being the most prevalent. Resistance to azole drugs, commonly used to treat Candida infections, poses a significant challenge. Transcriptional activator candidate 1 (TAC1) gene has emerged as a key player in regulating drug resistance in C. albicans. This review explores the structure and function of the TAC1 gene and its role in azole resistance. This gene encodes a transcription factor that controls the expression of genes involved in drug resistance, such as efflux pump genes (CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1) and ERG11. Mutations in TAC1 can increase these genes' expression and confer resistance to azoles. Various TAC1 gene mutations, mostly gain-of-function mutations, have been identified, which upregulate CDR1 and CDR2 expression, resulting in azole resistance. Understanding the mechanisms of azole resistance mediated by the TAC1 gene is crucial for the strategies in the effective antifungal development pipeline.

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白色念珠菌中的 TAC1 基因：结构、功能和在偶氮唑抗性中的作用：微型综述。

念珠菌病是由白色念珠菌引起的常见真菌感染，其中以白色念珠菌最为普遍。对常用于治疗念珠菌感染的唑类药物产生抗药性是一项重大挑战。转录激活剂候选 1（TAC1）基因已成为调控白念珠菌耐药性的关键角色。本综述探讨了 TAC1 基因的结构和功能及其在唑类耐药性中的作用。该基因编码一种转录因子，可控制涉及耐药性的基因（如外排泵基因（CDR1、CDR2 和 MDR1）和 ERG11）的表达。TAC1 基因突变会增加这些基因的表达，从而产生对唑类的抗药性。已发现的各种 TAC1 基因突变（大多为功能增益突变）会上调 CDR1 和 CDR2 的表达，从而导致唑类抗性。了解 TAC1 基因介导的唑类抗性机理，对于制定有效的抗真菌开发战略至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Microbial drug resistance 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

3.80%

发文量

118

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Microbial Drug Resistance (MDR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal that covers the global spread and threat of multi-drug resistant clones of major pathogens that are widely documented in hospitals and the scientific community. The Journal addresses the serious challenges of trying to decipher the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. MDR provides a multidisciplinary forum for peer-reviewed original publications as well as topical reviews and special reports. MDR coverage includes: Molecular biology of resistance mechanisms Virulence genes and disease Molecular epidemiology Drug design Infection control.