Minerals Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Hydrothermal acid leaching process with ultra-high efficiency for vanadium from spent catalyst","authors":"Quanxian Hua ,&nbsp;Junyang Ma ,&nbsp;Pin Xu ,&nbsp;Shu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Rong ,&nbsp;Zehao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recovery of vanadium from spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts is a critical challenge. This study explores hydrothermal acid leaching as a novel approach for extracting vanadium, analyzing key parameters such as leaching agent concentration, liquid–solid ratio, reaction temperature, and leaching time. Using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface method, the effects and interactions of these parameters on vanadium leaching efficiency were investigated.<!--> <!-->Mechanistically, sulfuric acid concentration governs vanadium dissolution into VO₂⁺/VO²⁺, while excessive acid or improper liquid–solid ratios induce titanium precipitation (TiOSO₄/Ti(SO₄)₂) that encapsulates particles and captures vanadium ions.<!--> <!-->The results showed that leaching agent concentration optimization significantly enhanced vanadium recovery by suppressing these side reactions. The interaction between liquid–solid ratio and leaching time, as well as liquid–solid ratio and reaction temperature, significantly affected efficacy. Optimal conditions were determined as 2.13 mol · L⁻¹ H₂SO₄, 23.85 mL · g⁻¹, 143 °C, and 89 min, achieving 99.76 % vanadium leaching. XRD and SEM-EDS revealed stable leaching slag structure, indicating its potential for subsequent metal recovery. This study highlights hydrothermal acid leaching as a sustainable method for vanadium recovery, contributing to resource conservation and waste reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuum roasting inhibited the diffusion of aluminum in muscovite impurities into quartz during roasting process","authors":"Songjiang Guo ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Guangying Zhang ,&nbsp;Shicong Yang ,&nbsp;Kuixian Wei ,&nbsp;Wenhui Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing research on removing metal impurities from quartz mainly focuses on enhancing the exposure and the reactivity of mineral impurities. However, the influence of the mineral impurities on the quartz structure during roasting is not considered. In this study, the influence of muscovite impurities on the quartz structure during roasting was studied using theoretical analysis and cell parameter comparison. It was found that aluminum (Al) in muscovite diffused into the quartz during roasting and forming lattice impurities, hindering the purification of quartz. Arrhenius equation and quartz-muscovite diffusion couple experiments were employed to investigate the method of inhibiting diffusion. And it was concluded that reducing the H₂O content in quartz can effectively inhibit the diffusion behavior of Al. Based on the above research, vacuum roasting process was introduced to enhance the removal of H₂O in quartz. The experimental results shown that under the same conditions, vacuum roasting reduced the H₂O content in quartz from 165.9 μg·g⁻¹ to 37.8 μg·g⁻¹. This led to the reduction of the diffusion distance of Al from 15.8 μm to 6.1 μm. Finally, through data analysis, the functional relationship between water concentration and Al diffusion coefficient in roasting process is <span><math><mrow><mtext>D</mtext><mo>=</mo><msub><mtext>D</mtext><mtext>0</mtext></msub><msubsup><mtext>C</mtext><mrow><msub><mtext>H</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></msub><mtext>O</mtext></mrow><mtext>1.310</mtext></msubsup><mtext>exp</mtext><mfenced><mrow><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mtext>H</mtext></mrow><mtext>RT</mtext></mfrac></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>. This study clarifies the influence of mineral impurities on the structure of quartz during roasting, which provides a new solution for the purification of quartz and a reference for optimizing the purification process of quartz and other minerals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource utilization of copper slag: The enhanced sulfidization mechanism of Pb2+/NH4+ system on copper oxide in copper slag and its impact on flotation performance","authors":"Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Bihan Wei ,&nbsp;Qicheng Feng ,&nbsp;Dianwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrophilic nature of the copper oxide phase in copper slag (CS) often results in low recovery using traditional sulfidization flotation methods. This study explored the influence of Pb²⁺/NH₄⁺ on the flotation efficiency and its activation mechanism during the sulfidization flotation of copper oxide. Analytical techniques including microcalorimetry, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the treatment of Pb²⁺/NH₄⁺ enhanced the reaction between sodium sulfide and the copper oxide surface. This modification facilitated the formation of sulfide compounds such as lead–sulfur (Pb–S) and copper–sulfur (Cu–S). The formation of these sulfide products enabled the surface of copper oxide to exhibit more active sites for collector adsorption, thereby enhancing its hydrophobicity and flotation performance. Further confirmation from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and ToF–SIMS analysis revealed that Pb²⁺/NH₄⁺ significantly enhanced the adsorption of collectors on the copper oxide surface, thereby enhancing its hydrophobicity. Micro–flotation experiments demonstrated that the incorporation of Pb²⁺NH₄⁺ enhanced copper oxide recovery from 40 % to 91 %, which validated their effective activation role in copper oxide flotation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109786"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensifying the separation efficiency of rhodochrosite from calcite in NaClO-oxidation flotation system with a dithiocarbamate-hydroxamate collector","authors":"Jing Qi ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Guangyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissolution characteristics of rhodochrosite and calcite results in their similar surface properties, which makes the separation of rhodochrosite from calcite more difficult. Therefore, surface modification was adopted to oxidize the Mn(II) species on rhodochrosite to higher valence states, reducing the solubility of Mn²⁺ and differentiating the surface properties from calcite. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was a suitable oxidant to enhance the floatability of rhodochrosite. Meanwhile, <em>N</em>-[(3-hydroxyamino)-propoxy]-<em>N</em>-hexyl dithiocarbamate (HAHD) was a versatile collector, which can be oxidized into a Gemini molecule of (HAHD)₂ and featured a selective performance in the NaClO-oxidized flotation system of rhodochrosite-calcite artificially mixed minerals. The selectivity index <em>I_Mn</em> of HAHD in the oxidized flotation of mixed minerals reached 32.2, much higher than that of sodium oleate (9.9). Interestingly, UV spectra and XPS analyses indicated that HAHD was oxidized to a Gemini structure (HAHD)₂ in the oxidized flotation system. In HAHD-NaClO-rhodochrosite flotation system, REDOX reaction occurred, that was, the surface Mn(II) of rhodochrosite was first oxidized to Mn(IV) which oxidized HAHD to (HAHD)₂, then some of Mn(IV) species were reduced to Mn(II). A potential mechanism was proposed finally to reveal the essence of the selective flotation of rhodochrosite from the mixture with calcite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating iron contamination in cyanide gold extraction: Ceramic grinding media for enhanced efficiency and reduced cyanide consumption","authors":"Qianfei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuhai Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Gao ,&nbsp;Linlin Tong ,&nbsp;Yuexin Han ,&nbsp;Hongying Yang ,&nbsp;Shuai Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanochemical interactions during regrinding can influence the surface properties of gold concentrates and the surrounding pulp chemistry. This study compares the effects of ceramic and chrome steel grinding media on gold cyanidation performance using chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS). The results showed that ceramic grinding media generated finer particles with smoother surfaces and substantially lower iron contamination. Relative to chrome steel grinding media, ceramic grinding media increased the gold extraction from 93.3% to 95.0%, reduced sodium cyanide consumption by 10.7%, and decreased thiocyanate ion concentration by 6.5% after 24 h of leaching. Additionally, ceramic grinding media helped sustain higher dissolved oxygen levels throughout the leaching process. XPS and ToF–SIMS analyses revealed that ceramic grinding media suppressed the formation of FeOOH, FeO, and Fe–CN species on mineral surfaces, thereby improving cyanide accessibility to gold particles. These findings demonstrate that ceramic grinding media effectively regulate the interfacial chemical environment, enhancing both the efficiency and environmental sustainability of gold cyanidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical metals recovery from titanium dioxide waste acids (TDWA): A brief review","authors":"Bingbing Liu ,&nbsp;Yunyun Chen ,&nbsp;Peidong Yang ,&nbsp;Shengpeng Su ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Wang ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Yang ,&nbsp;Yanfang Huang ,&nbsp;Hu Sun ,&nbsp;Guihong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium dioxide waste acid (TDWA) is an inevitable hazardous by-product in the titanium dioxide (TiO₂) production. The substantial emission volume of TDWA, characterized by high acidity and diverse metal compositions, presents considerable risks of environmental pollution and resource wastage. The metals recovery from TDWA has emerged as a critical challenge for the green sustainable development of TiO₂ industry. After literature analysis, numerous literatures are focused on the separation of a single metal. Therefore, this work systematically reviews the recovery technologies of simplex Fe, Ti, V, and Sc from TDWA, including the chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, liquid membrane separation, and membrane electrolysis. Moreover, the combined technologies for multi-metal separation, including multi-step selective extraction, co-extraction and step stripping, and extraction-precipitation combined technology, are also highlighted. Solvent extraction has good adaptability to multi-metals by using various extractants. Future research should prioritize the development of selective extractants and novel technologies for the separation of metals from the high-acidity and low-concentration systems. The synergistic recovery of critical rare metals such as niobium (Nb) and yttrium (Y) should also be concerned. This review provides guidance for the selection of appropriate methods for metal recovery from TDWA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposing a circular economy for mine tailings: using them as catalysts in the treatment of landfill leachate","authors":"Rodrigo Poblete ,&nbsp;Vicente Salinas ,&nbsp;Manuel I. Maldonado","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mine tailings (MT), a significant by-product of the mining industry, pose environmental risks due to their metal content and social hazards when they are located near urban areas. However, their mineral composition, rich in feldspars, quartz, phyllosilicates, and TiO₂, offers potential for reuse within a circular economy framework. In this context, this study evaluates the catalytic application of MT in a sonophotocatalytic process to treat mature landfill leachate (LL), a recalcitrant effluent with low biodegradability. Using a full factorial design, the effects of catalyst load, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and pH of the solution on the removal of total organic carbon (TOC), Chemical Oxygen Demand and aromatic compounds (Abs254) of the landfill leachate were assessed. Optimal conditions (2000 mg/L MT, 3000 mg/L H₂O₂, pH 3) led to 29.8 % and 50.2 % removal of TOC and aromatic compounds, respectively. Under these optimized physicochemical conditions applied for 3 h of treatment, the removal of TOC, COD, and aromatic compounds was 84.9 %, 69.6 %, and 88.7 %, respectively.</div><div>The biodegradability of treated landfill leachate improved significantly, exceeding 80 % in the Zahn-Wellens test, with no detectable leaching of metals from the catalyst. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of repurposing MT as photocatalysts for landfill leachate treatment, offering a sustainable solution to two pressing waste streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109782"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-Informed hierarchical reasoning (PIHR): A structured framework for generalizable fault diagnosis in industrial thickeners","authors":"Shuangcheng Du ,&nbsp;Hongjiang Wang ,&nbsp;Zechen Sheng ,&nbsp;Mingxu Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the minerals processing industry, ensuring the safe and stable operation of thickeners is a primary objective. However, their complex dynamic characteristics present challenges for conventional monitoring systems in providing early warnings and diagnosing faults, especially under novel operating conditions. Existing diagnostic methods generally lack the generalization capability for unseen faults. They can exhibit limitations in resolving diagnostic ambiguity, identifying concurrent faults, or distinguishing between process anomalies and sensor failures, which can lead to delayed warnings. To address this, this study proposes a Physics-Informed Hierarchical Reasoning (PIHR) framework for thickener diagnostics, centered on a ’Decomposition-Analysis-Synthesis’ workflow. The architecture first decomposes the sensor data stream into distinct features intended to reflect different physical phenomena, such as slowly evolving bed compaction trends versus rapidly changing flocculation chemistry instability. Subsequently, specialized analytical paths, including a Transformer, assess the morphology of these trends to distinguish between, for example, linear and exponential growth, while other paths quantify the system’s degree of instability. Finally, the model performs a dynamic weighted fusion of this evidence based on physics-inspired heuristics (e.g., ’a trend is of greater significance during stable conditions’) to assess the operational risk. PIHR’s performance was evaluated across multiple dimensions. Quantitatively, it achieved a Macro F1-score of 0.885 in zero-shot diagnosis on fault types unseen during training, outperforming the baseline models. It also increased the fault warning lead time by over 12 min on average, while maintaining a True Positive Rate (TPR) above 0.91 and a False Positive Rate (FPR) below 0.015. Qualitatively, case studies illustrated the model’s ability to resolve diagnostic ambiguity, handle concurrent faults, and distinguish between process and sensor failures. Moreover, a physical consistency analysis indicated that the architecture extracts multivariate dynamic signatures from observational data that correlate with different physical states. Finally, its performance was evaluated in a 60-day continuous industrial deployment, where the system delivered 14 valid early warnings with no missed detections and assisted in averting a rake-bogging incident.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109778"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved suspension dewaterability using a novel pelleting flocculation device","authors":"Yuxuan Luo ,&nbsp;Nilanka I.K. Ekanayake ,&nbsp;Negin Amini ,&nbsp;Ellen M. Moon ,&nbsp;Peter J. Scales ,&nbsp;Anthony D. Stickland","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decline in ore grades and increasing clay content in ore bodies present significant dewatering challenges for the mining industry, as finer grinding is required to liberate target minerals. This results in the production of fine mineral gangue, including clay minerals, which are discharged as tailings. Tailings are typically treated with flocculants to aggregate fine particles, improving settling and permeability. However, flocculation forms strong particle networks with reduced compressibility, constraining thickened slurry density and filter cake moisture.</div><div>This study demonstrates a novel vertical screw pelletiser prototype for pelleting flocculation of kaolin suspensions, aimed at improving both compressibility and permeability by forming compact pelletised aggregates. Using an oil-in-water emulsion and a polymer flocculant for adhesion, kaolin particles with a Sauter diameter of 1.4 µm were aggregated and pelletised into centimetre-sized pellets with solids fraction up to 0.15 v/v (0.31 w/w).</div><div>The dewatering properties of the pellets were quantified and modelled using comprehensive dewaterability analysis. Compared to the conventional flocculation methods, which typically improve permeability at the expense of compressibility, pelleting flocculation improved both the compressibility and permeability. The thickener modelling showed that, to achieve an underflow solids concentration of 0.20 v/v (0.40 w/w), systems fed with pelletised aggregates could operate at a solid flux 13 times higher than those using conventional flocculated aggregates. Similarly, to achieve a filter cake solids concentration of 0.40 v/v (0.64 w/w), filters fed with pelletised aggregates required 16 % less filtration area and 18 % shorter filtration time compared to conventional flocculated feeds. This work highlights pelleting flocculation as a promising alternative to conventional flocculation, resulting in significant improvements in the thickener performance and offering a practical solution to the challenges of processing fine and clay-rich tailings in mineral processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109762"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas holdup and flotation rate","authors":"J.E. Nesset ,&nbsp;Y.H. Tan ,&nbsp;J.A. Finch","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper has two parts. In the first, using flotation rate constant vs gas holdup data the suggestion that the high flotation rate in the Jameson^TM cell is due to the high gas holdup in the downcomer (up to 60 %) compared to flotation columns and mechanical cells (ca.15 %) is supported. However, the second part questions the reported gas holdup in mechanical machines arguing that gas holdup in the impeller zone (ε_gi) is the relevant metric. A method of estimating ε_gi exploiting dependence of power on aeration rate is introduced. Values of ε_gi comparable to the downcomer appear to be achieved. New mechanical machines that constrain the impeller zone in a separate chamber appear better able to exploit ε_gi to increase kinetics. An analogy is drawn with the downcomer representing a constrained jet environment. Arguing that the similarity between gas holdup in the downcomer and impeller zone should be reflected in similar bubble size, measurements in a Metso RCS^TM and Jameson^TM cell employing a modified gas superficial velocity did show similar trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109770"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}