Minerals Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Li separation by electrodialysis in hydrometallurgical processing of Li-ion batteries: a review of the state-of-art","authors":"Angie Fiorella Mayta-Armas ,&nbsp;Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa ,&nbsp;Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório ,&nbsp;Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has become crucial to mitigate issues related to critical metals extraction and scarcity. The process of separating and purifying Li from LiBs leach solution through electrodialysis (ED) is considered a promising approach for separating monovalent cations from divalent cations and anions but remains challenging due to the complexity of these solutions and process parameters meeting economic and technical requirements. This review highlights advances in ED technology for LIBs recycling. ED is high electricity-consuming when processing high concentration leaching solutions; on the other hand, reduces the amount of chemical consumption in comparison to common techniques such as solvent extraction or precipitation. Monovalent-IEM has demonstrated highly selective for Li ions, while complexing agents (e.g. EDTA or DTPA) can transform in a pH-dependent reaction divalent cation into anions that are highly rejected by cationic ion exchange membranes. Nonetheless, challenges such as membrane fouling and long-term degradation persist. This review aims to provide guidance for future advancements and improve the efficiency of LiBs recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efflorescences associated with acid-saline drainage from a dump of copper-leached ores","authors":"Paulina González ,&nbsp;Ricardo Henríquez ,&nbsp;Claudio Aguilar ,&nbsp;Jesús M. Casas","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reveals the mineralogical complexity of efflorescences in heap-leaching residues dump of the copper mining industry, focusing on their relationship with saline acid drainages, particularly during rainfall events that cause rapid dissolution of the efflorescences. Using Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDS techniques, various secondary minerals of hydrated sulphate and chloride (Cu, Mg, Na, Fe, and Al) were identified, including aubertite, magnesium-aubertite, tamarugite, natrojarosite, pickeringite, gypsum, alunogen, sanderite, and kieserite. These minerals suggest an intrinsic connection with the chemical composition of the dump drainage, as reflected in the results of the mineral wash water, indicating acidic (pH 3.8) and saline drainage (total dissolved solids, TDS &gt; 10,000 mg/L). A distinctive colour sequence was observed in the efflorescences, ranging from bluish and greenish crystals of aubertite-magnesium-aubertite to yellow botryoidal layers of natrojarosite and globular white layers of tamarugite and acicular pickeringite. The saline crusts on the slopes of the dumpsites showed extensive areas of white and brown gypsum, with crystals of aubertite and magnesium-aubertite, covered by simple white sulphate salts of Al and Mg. Furthermore, this study presents a generalized spectral pattern for the aubertite—magnesium-aubertite series, highlighting key vibration modes of sulphate, as well as the potential influence of interstitial chloride ions on the vibration modes of water molecules. This study provides valuable information on mineral variability and environmental conditions in the dump sites, offering a perspective for understanding the formation processes of saline acid drainages in copper mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable process for vanadium recovery from stone coal: efficient enrichment via alkali melting–carbothermal reduction","authors":"Zhentao Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuchen Sun ,&nbsp;Ying Sun ,&nbsp;Ziyan Yang ,&nbsp;Faxin Xiao ,&nbsp;Chengfu Sui ,&nbsp;Kuopei Yu ,&nbsp;Ganfeng Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous growth of vanadium market demand, it has become increasingly urgent to promote research on sustainable and efficient vanadium resource utilization. Stone coal vanadium ore has remained underutilized due to its low grade and complex composition. This study proposes a calcium oxide (CaO)-assisted fusion and carbothermal reduction process for the efficient release and enrichment of vanadium from stone coal. The experiment systematically investigated the effects of reduction temperature, slag composition, reducing agent dosage, and smelting time on vanadium recovery efficiency. Calculation results indicate that vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) begins to decompose at 288 °C, and reduction to elemental vanadium (V) requires a temperature of approximately 1600 °C. Below 1468 °C, iron and vanadium form a continuous solid solution. Above 1538 °C, molten iron exhibits a strong affinity for vanadium, acting as a collector. Under optimized conditions (1600 °C for 2 h, 35 % calcium oxide, 5 % carbon, and 9 % ferric oxide), the vanadium enrichment ratio reaches 97.84 %. The resultant vanadium-iron alloy contains 4.09 % V and 78.35 % total iron (TFe). The chemical composition of the tailings closely resembles that of rock wool raw materials, indicating significant potential for resource utilization. The stability and industrial application prospect of the process were further confirmed by pilot test. This study serves as a technical reference for the sustainable and efficient development of stone coal vanadium ore, as well as the high-value utilization of vanadium resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109710"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the whitening effect and mechanism of alkali-additive-enhanced roasting on low-whiteness barite","authors":"Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yan Xie,&nbsp;Shanshan Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To increase the utilisation and added value of low-whiteness barite, this study developed-for the first time-a whiteness enhancement method based on an alkali additive (Na₂B₄O₇·5H₂O-Na₂CO₃) and optimised the roasting process for removing impurities via single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. Various characterisation techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry and backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy, were employed to analyse and compare the physical and chemical properties of raw barite mineral as well as conventionally roasted and intensively roasted samples. In addition, the influence of the alkali additive on impurity removal during the intensive roasting of barite and the underlying whitening mechanism were investigated. Experimental results showed that roasting at 896 °C for 2.33 h with an alkali additive-raw barite mineral mass ratio (m_Na2B4O7·_5H2O:m_Na2CO3:m_barite) of 0.60:0.60:20 increased barite whiteness from 26.0 % to 95.7 %. The proposed method mainly involved using the alkali additive in the molten state to capture insoluble impurities (e.g. quartz, dolomite, calcite, and kaolinite) in the mineral samples at high temperatures. Furthermore, it generated borates, sodium compounds, and alkaline silica-aluminium salts (which were more easily soluble in sulphuric acid) and finally removed them via acid leaching and washing processes, further enhancing the whiteness of the mineral samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molten salt activation induced porous graphitic carbon/attapulgite composites as superior adsorbent for multiple mycotoxins","authors":"Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayu Liu ,&nbsp;Chunquan Li ,&nbsp;Xinlin Wang ,&nbsp;Qiongli Zhang ,&nbsp;Fang Yuan ,&nbsp;Zhiming Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicate-based composite materials have great potential as adsorbents in the field of mycotoxin removal. In this study, a porous graphitic carbon coated attapulgite (APT/C-ZnCl₂) composite material was successfully prepared using an in-situ thermal reduction method with glucose as the carbon source. This composite material exhibited excellent adsorption performance towards aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol. Experimental results indicated that the adsorption rates of the composite material towards the three mycotoxins reached 93.52 %, 90.58 %, and 92.31 %, respectively, with saturated adsorption capacity of 20.17 mg/g, 82.67 mg/g, and 0.69 mg/g, respectively. The interaction between APT/C-ZnCl₂ material and aflatoxin B1 was mainly attributed to H-bonding interaction, while its interactions with zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were primarily governed by hydrophobic and π-π interactions. Overall, porous silicate-based APT/C-ZnCl₂ adsorbent has the characteristics of ultra-high adsorption capacity, low cost, and adsorption ability for different types of fungal toxins, meeting the requirements of efficient and economical removal of mycotoxins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of niobium, titanium and rare earths from Bayan Obo tailings via silicothermic reduction and targeted crystallization","authors":"Xingli Jia ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongshuai Jia ,&nbsp;Chengjun Liu ,&nbsp;Maofa Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bayan Obo mine in China has abundant reserves of rare earth, niobium, titanium, iron, and other metal elements. However, due to its low-grade, fine-grained, and heterogeneous mineral characteristics, substantial rare metals are lost in tailings during mineral processing. To achieve efficient separation and enrichment of critical metal from the Bayan Obo tailings, this study applied the silicothermic reduction method to tailings treatment, melting ferroniobium and simultaneously targeted crystallization of the reduced tailings. Thermodynamic analysis and high-temperature simulation experiments showed that in Bayan Obo tailings, iron and niobium were reduced prior to titanium via silicothermic reduction, while rare earth elements were difficult to be reduced. This method achieved the preparation of ferroniobium, with rare earth elements and titanium being targeted enrichment in the slag. By adding CaO to adjust the initial <em>w</em>(CaO)/<em>w</em>(SiO₂) of the tailings to 1.9, a ferroniobium alloy containing 2.02 % niobium could be produced via silicothermic reduction at 1500 °C. The yield of niobium in the alloy can reach 91.01 %, and all rare earth and 98.43 % titanium entered the slag. Following slag-metal separation and prior to slag solidification, the <em>w</em>(CaO)/<em>w</em>(SiO₂) of the slag was adjusted to approximately 1. Prolonged holding at 1100 °C under these conditions facilitated the solid solution of rare earth elements into perovskite and increased the average particle size of perovskite to 44.21 μm, simplifying and coarsening the rare earth-containing mineral phase. Finally, a novel process for treating Bayan Obo tailings was proposed. In contrast to traditional carbothermic methods, this novel approach eliminates CO₂ emissions and carbide precipitation. Furthermore, unlike aluminothermic reduction methods, it exhibits strong selectivity in metal reduction reactions. This method facilitates the targeted crystallization of rare earth elements in the perovskite phase, fostering favorable mineral phase conditions for subsequent flotation-based rare earth extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient separation of mica from feldspar and quartz using flotation in quaternary ammonium salt system","authors":"Mengyao Qi ,&nbsp;Hanxiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhantao Hu ,&nbsp;Weizhe Luo ,&nbsp;Bowen Yu ,&nbsp;Weijun Peng ,&nbsp;Yehao Huang ,&nbsp;Jianping Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yanfang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (STAC) and sodium oleate (NaOL) were employed as a combined cationic-anion collector to selective separation of mica from feldspar and quartz through flotation. The superior separation effect was obtained at the pH of 12 when using a 120 mg/L of the collector concentration with the STAC and NaOL molar ratio of 1:4. Both the grade and recovery of mica exceeding 60 % in concentrate, while feldspar and quartz were effectively depressed to approximately 10 %. The selective flotation separation of mica from feldspar and quartz was achieved. The mica surface displayed multilayer reagent adsorption with synergistic interaction of the collectors STAC and NaOL. The cooperative adsorption phenomenon was conspicuously absent on feldspar and quartz surfaces. The study establishes a novel alkaline flotation strategy (pH of 12) for mica separation, circumventing traditional acidic conditions while maintaining high selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of lithium from coal gangue, with an emphasis on lithium occurrence, roasting pretreatment and leaching","authors":"Manqing Ai ,&nbsp;Wei Cheng ,&nbsp;Zishuo Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracting lithium (Li) from Li-rich coal gangue achieves benefits of ecological protection, resource efficiency enhancement, and industrial upgrading. Employing TOF-SIMS, ICP-OES and SCEP methods, this study investigated Li-rich coal gangue from Southwest Guizhou, China, revealing that Li primarily occurs in an adsorbed state within kaolinite. Based on this, a “calcination-NaCl leaching” process was designed for Li recovery and a Li leaching rate of 93.66 % was obtained under optimal conditions. Mechanistic analyses combining pore characteristics, thermodynamic analysis, XRD, and TG-DSC indicated that during calcination, kaolinite undergoes dehydroxylation, dissociating its layered structure and forming a highly active amorphous phase. Concurrently, organic components like carbon and sulfur are effectively removed, creating a porous structure. This structural reconstruction significantly enhances the interfacial reactivity between kaolinite and NaCl solution, promoting the efficient release of Li⁺ through ion exchange. The findings provide a scientific reference for the high-value utilization of Li in coal-based solid waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combination of ground hyperspectral and satellite multispectral with LSO-RF algorithm for enhanced inversion accuracy of heavy metal content in soil in coal mining areas","authors":"Meichen Liu ,&nbsp;Meng Luo ,&nbsp;Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Shengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongting Han","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although multispectral remote sensing technology has been widely used in soil heavy metal monitoring worldwide, the limitation of spectral resolution often affects the monitoring accuracy. In contrast, ground hyperspectral data provide more detailed information in identifying and quantifying heavy metals in soil due to its narrow-band characteristics, but its small coverage area and high requirements for related equipment and technology limit the application of large-scale monitoring. Therefore, based on the ground hyperspectral data, this study establishes a relationship between the spectral response function and the satellite multispectral remote sensing data, so that the multispectral band contains the weighted average information of multiple bands in the hyperspectral data. In this way, the detailed spectral information of the hyperspectral data can be retained, and the satellite multispectral data processing tools and technologies can be utilized. A regional high precision soil heavy metal inversion framework was formed. By sampling two mining areas in China, one for experiment and the other for verification, an improved Random forest model (LSO-RF) based on spectral optimizer was established, and the inversion model was applied to multi-spectral satellite remote sensing images to predict the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the whole region. This method significantly improves the inversion accuracy on the hyperspectral improved multispectral data, and the prediction accuracy of the LSO-RF model is significantly better than that of the traditional model. Taking the improved Landsat 8 data as an example, the R² of the LSO-RF model is 0.95 in the prediction of Zn in the Shenmu research area. Compared with SVR, PLSR and traditional RF models, the results are 0.32, 0.30 and 0.10 respectively, and the other three heavy metal elements are also significantly improved. In the Ejin Horuo Banner research area, the LSO-RF model also showed significant improvement in the prediction of heavy metal elements, and the R² could reach 0.97. This study not only confirms the feasibility of improving multispectral remote sensing data based on hyperspectral ground data, but also provides a high-precision inversion framework for the accurate monitoring of soil heavy metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium and sulfate Ions on flotation performance of a Cu-Ni-PGM ore in the presence of anionic polyacrylamide and carboxymethyl cellulose","authors":"Thabang O. Shamukuni,&nbsp;Malibongwe S. Manono,&nbsp;Lisa L. October ,&nbsp;Kirsten C. Corin","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concentration of PGM ores through froth flotation is a water-intensive process, and with increasing global concerns about water scarcity, recycling process water in mineral processing plants has become essential. However, recycled water often contains deleterious ions and residual reagents that may alter mineral surfaces, pulp chemistry, and reagent action, impacting flotation performance and tailings dewatering. This study investigates the effects of calcium (Ca²⁺) and sulfate (SO₄²⁻) ions on flotation performance and tailings dewatering in the presence of CMC and PAM, using a Cu-Ni-PGM ore from the Merensky reef. Batch flotation tests showed that solids and water recoveries increased and then decreased with higher Ca²⁺ concentrations in the presence of CMC. PAM, however, resulted in steady water recoveries and slightly decreased solids recoveries with Ca²⁺ spiking, suggesting PAM’s action overrides ionic effects. SO₄²⁻ spiking slightly increased water and solids recoveries with CMC, while with PAM, it showed minimal influence on water recovery but a slight decrease in solids recovery. Tailings settling rates decreased with higher Ca²⁺ concentrations for PAM but increased initially for CMC before decreasing. SO₄²⁻ spiking improved settling rates for both polymers, this is attributed to induced coagulation of naturally floatable gangue. Overall, tailings settled faster with PAM than with CMC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}