Minerals Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Study on the influence of the discharge end cover structure of SAG mill on the discharge capacity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The SAG mill’s discharge end cover, which comprises the slurry lifters, the grate liners, and other structures, significantly impacts the machine’s discharge capacity. The working performance of the current SAG mill when the radial structure and arc structure were adopted in the lifting bars of the grate liners and slurry lifters, respectively, was compared to investigate the influence of the discharge end cover structure on the discharging capacity and optimize the design of the end cover structure. Additionally, a new arc structure for the lifting bar was designed. The discharge process of the ore particles passing through the discharge end cover in the SAG mill was simulated using the discrete element method (DEM). The analysis included the discharging rate, discharging efficiency, and flow characteristics of the ores under the three lifting bar structures, as well as the impact of the lifting bar structure and the arrangement of the discharge holes of grate liners on the discharging capacity. The results demonstrate a positive correlation between the effective discharge hole area of grate liners and discharge rate. When adopting the arc lifting bars, the grate liners have a larger effective discharge hole area and a stronger discharge capacity than the radial lifting bars. The new design arc structure for lifting bars largens the effective discharge hole area and enhances the discharge capacity of the grate liners when compared to the original arc structure of lifting bars. The ore particle backflow phenomenon will be evident in the discharge process of the slurry lifters when the lifting bars of the slurry lifters adopt a radial structure; on the other hand, the arc structure can effectively mitigate the backflow issue and increase the discharge rate. Based on the observation that the arrangement of discharge holes on the grate liners greatly affects the discharging rate of the grate liners, a strategy for arranging the discharge holes is suggested to maximize the discharging capacity of the SAG mill. In addition, a comparison between the findings of the discrete element simulation and the experimental data confirms the viability of the simulation approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amine-coated nanobubbles-assisted flotation of fine and coarse quartz","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the role of alkyl ether monoamine-coated nanobubbles (NBs) in assisting the flotation process of quartz across various particle sizes, on a bench scale. Experiments were conducted in a mini lab column utilizing a consortium of bubble sizes: D32 = 1200 μm for macrobubbles and D32 = 180–220 nm for amine-coated NBs. The study revealed that an increase in amine-coated NBs correlates well with a decrease in the air/solution’s interfacial tension caused by the ether amine at less than 68 mN m⁻¹. True flotation recoveries with varying amine/g quartz, where the collector-frother amine may be amine-coated NBs alone or assisted by NBs generated in pure water, were compared with blank tests, in the absence of NBs. The flotation study evaluated size-to-size fractions from fine (−20 µm) to coarse (up to 150 µm) particles and their mixtures. In addition, the work extended to explore the behavior of the “super” coarse quartz from 150 µm up to 1000 µm. The results highlighted a clear dependence on the particle size, with NBs improving recoveries in all fractions, especially the difficult-to-treat ultrafine/fine and coarse quartz. Recovery results exceeded 90 % in all fractions (isolated or in mixtures) at a high rate with the amine-coated NBs. The mechanisms proposed improved flotation performance attributed to the high numerical concentrations of NBs (at least 2–3 × 10¹⁰ NBs per gram of quartz) rapidly attaching to quartz surfaces, serving as “seeds” for the adhesion of larger bubbles generated in conventional flotation cells. This interaction facilitates the formation of lightweight, cluster-like aggregates that swiftly rise to the column’s surface. Notably, larger quartz particles (+355 µm) form the bigger hydrophobic and buoyant clusters, leading to their rapid levitation and effective phase separation, with over 95 % separation efficiency. This innovative technique’s significance, outcomes, and potential scalability are thoroughly discussed, highlighting its promising applicability in diverse mineral and ore flotation systems, particularly those containing quartz and silicates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of germanium recovery from copper(II) sulfate-based solution using tertiary amine and oxime extractant","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Germanium is considered by many world economies, including the USA and EU, as a critical raw material. One of the methods, which may be used in its recovery is solvent extraction. Using it application of more environmentally harmful processes like tannin concentrate precipitation or chlorination may be reduced. Solvent extraction of germanium from solution after oxidative leaching of copper cake by two extractants, chelating Mextral 63H (LIX 63 equivalent) and basic trioctylamine (TOA), were compared. For TOA influence of complexant addition, tartaric acid, malic acid, malonic acid, and succinic acid, on germanium recovery yield was also tested. It was found that under investigated conditions, i.e. pH∼1.0 TOA was a better and more selective germanium extractant. The highest Ge extraction yields (&gt;96 %) were achieved when tartaric acid was used as a germanium complexant in an aqueous phase. It was determined that germanium may be stripped from the organic phase using &gt; 5 wt% NaOH solution with &gt; 93 % yield.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687524004138/pdfft?md5=172417c1c8d52470e18f591004b54811&pid=1-s2.0-S0892687524004138-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flotation of a copper-cobalt sulphide ore: Quantitative insights into the role of mineralogy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cobalt is mainly produced globally from Cu-Co sediment-hosted deposits in the Democratic Republic of Congo. As mining operations progress, oxidic supergene mineralisation gradually depletes, and many have been or are shifting towards extracting sulphide ore at depth. Overall, copper recovery is consistently higher than cobalt, but no in-depth investigation has been conducted to determine if this difference is due to ore mineral characteristics. The role of ore mineralogy on the flotation performance of copper-cobalt sulphides was studied by tracking the changes in mineral properties with time throughout the flotation process. A series of laboratory rougher-scavenger flotation experiments were carried out using a dithiophosphate collector to define the optimum collector dosage, which was determined to be 30 g/t. With that dosage, an experiment was carried out during which concentrates were collected at distinct times and then analysed by QEMSCAN®. The feed ore was relatively rich containing around 32 wt% bornite, 8 wt% carrollite and under 1 wt% of chalcocite and chalcopyrite. The particle size distributions of carrollite and bornite were suitable for flotation while chalcopyrite and chalcocite were relatively fine-grained. Carrollite also showed to be well-liberated while only half of the bornite showed to be fully liberated with around 25 % of bornite in the feed associated with magnesiochlorite, quartz or other gangue minerals. Even though carrollite had favourable properties for flotation, higher recoveries were obtained for bornite, chalcocite and chalcopyrite throughout the whole experiment. Carrollite grain size seems to have played a significant role in the recoverability of cobalt as the optimum size range was relatively narrow compared to bornite at around 20–45 µm with limited recovery above 100 µm. This upper size limit may be increased to some extent with higher collector dosage but, at ambient pH, the differential reactivity of the copper and cobalt sites at the mineral surface favours collector adsorption on copper sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S089268752400387X/pdfft?md5=2e2170ab0872d94e5c9dbf730bee6617&pid=1-s2.0-S089268752400387X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of a bio-inspired frothing agent derived from Vitamin E in mineral processing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Frothers play a key role in froth flotation by stabilising bubbles, which serve as a platform for separation of minerals of interest. This paper presents D-α-Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Succinate (VitE_PEG6000), an eco-friendly green frother. VitE_PEG6000′s frothing performance was evaluated and benchmarked against MIBC using metrics such as the dynamic and static foam stability index (DFI, SFI), decay rate index (DRI), and critical coalescence concentration (CCC). The results show VitE_PEG6000 offers relatively high DFI of ∼ 405 s/mM and low CCC of ∼ 0.008 mM, classifying it as a powerful frother. Furthermore, NaCl enhances the foaming properties of VitE_PEG6000 by further lowering the surface tension and increasing dilational viscoelasticity. The outcome from this work suggests VitE_PEG6000 as a viable green frother, minimising environmental impact and hazards. Moreover, the compatibility of VitE_PEG6000 with NaCl, as the most dominant salt in groundwater and seawater allows the use of this novel frother with various water sources, thus reducing ecological footprints and fresh water usage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687524004035/pdfft?md5=324dec6ba1af6e92d1fd65f344eefb78&pid=1-s2.0-S0892687524004035-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Energy-Saving mechanism of ceramic balls in tumbling mills","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates why ceramic balls achieve superior grinding performance compared to steel balls at lower densities and lower energy consumption. Particle motion analysis shows that increasing the filling level significantly improves the velocity distribution of the grinding media. The energy input from the mill is mainly converted into the kinetic and potential energy of the media, with potential energy being dominant. As the filling level increases, the efficiency of kinetic energy conversion improves. Collisions between media and mineral particles dominate energy transfer, and lower media density enhances collision energy distribution uniformity. Reducing media density decreases grinding energy consumption while maintaining the same grinding effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure oxidative leaching of chromite in the NaOH-NaNO3-H2O binary sub-molten reaction medium","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The liquid-phase oxidation of chromite ore in sub-molten medium is regarded as a clean and efficient method for the preparation of chromate. However, its industrial application is limited by the need for specialized equipment, stringent reaction conditions, and complex chromate-alkali separation processes. To enhance the leaching of chromite and achieve milder reaction conditions, this study introduces a novel NaOH-NaNO₃-H₂O binary sub-molten salt reaction system. Effects of reaction parameters on the leaching ratio of chromium were systematically studied. The results showed that a high chromium extraction rate up to 99 % was obtained within 240 min under the optimal reaction conditions: a reaction temperature of 513.15 K, a NaNO₃-to-ore mass ratio of 0.8:1, an alkaline-to-ore mass ratio of 4:1, an oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 MPa, a stirring speed of 800 rpm, and an alkali concentration of 50 wt%. Kinetics analysis revealed that the leaching process of chromite was controlled by the surface chemical reaction, with an apparent activation energy calculated as 31.58 kJ·mol⁻¹. Moreover, it was also found that the addition of NaNO₃ in the reaction system served a dual role purpose: diluting the viscosity of the reaction medium and acting as an oxygen carrier, which significantly enhanced the leaching efficiency of chromium. Additionally, the binary reaction medium exhibited stable usage performance. During 6 consecutive leaching runs, a chromium leaching rate of around 97 % could be maintained. Therefore, the NaOH-NaNO₃-H₂O binary sub-molten system shows great potential for applications in the highly efficient leaching of chromite ore.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steel mill solid waste transformation: Optimizing converter sludge recycling through RHF technology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current methods for treating converter sludge include reintroducing it into the sintering or pelletizing process. However, this method leads to the enrichment of zinc in the blast furnace, which affects the stability of the production operation. To solve this problem, a direct reduction process utilizing multi-solid waste collaborative rotary hearth furnace (RHF) has been implemented in steel plants to recover and safely dispose of valuable components in waste. The laboratory results show that the dezincization rate of the metallized pellets is 99.12 % and the metallization rate is 80.51 % under the premise of reducing 50 °C by calcination at 1200 °C for 15 min in the nitrogen atmosphere. In the industrial test conducted in RHF production line of Shagang from March 2022 to August 2023, the temperature in the high temperature zone was reduced by 50 °C, and the time in the high temperature zone was controlled to 15 min. The industrial test results showed that the residual zinc content in the metallized pellets was 0.63 %, and the metallization rate was about 75.12 %. These particles can be used as feedstock or coolant in the steelmaking process. The average grade of by-product zinc oxide coarse powder can reach 65.88 %, which can be further processed into zinc products with remarkable economic benefit. Through RHF integrated management of converter sludge and other solid waste in steel mills, metallized pellets and high-value products can be produced, which can effectively reduce solid waste in steel enterprises and improve resource utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between protons and the aqueous oxidation of pyrite by molecular oxygen","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reaction of pyrite (FeS₂) with dissolved oxygen (DO) in acidic media (pH 2.5, 3.0 and 4.0) was studied at 25 °C. In this regard, a series of experimental (potentiodynamic polarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) or cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical (quantum calculations) approaches were used. It was found that the proton concentration ([H⁺]) has not a significant influence on the oxidative dissolution of FeS₂. The oxidation current density (j_ox) varies little when the pH increases from 2.5 (j_ox = 1.02 μA cm⁻²) to 4.0 (j_ox = 0.80 μA cm⁻²), the order of reaction with respect to [H⁺] being 0.05 ± 0.10. EIS spectra indicate that the pyrite oxidation with dissolved oxygen is controlled by a surface electron transfer reaction. The results of quantum calculations show that protons spontaneously adsorb to the pyrite surface. The density of states of adsorbed protons is located far from Fermi level (between −0.3 and −0.2 Hartree) indicating that they are not available for subsequent reactions. The results of quantum analysis outline the main reasons why protons do not play a discernible role in the oxidation of pyrite with DO and the formation of acid mine drainage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of phosphorylated starch as a selective depressant for serpentine in the flotation of nickel sulfide ore","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.108906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Serpentine is the primary gangue for the flotation enrichment of pentlandite. In this study, phosphorylated starch (PS) was synthesized via the esterification reaction of sodium phosphate with starch and employed as the depressant in separating pentlandite and serpentine through flotation. Micro-flotation results indicated that PS exhibited superior selective depressing effects on serpentine compared to causticized starch (CS). Electrostatic repulsion between pentlandite and serpentine interrupted their hetero-coagulation, as demonstrated by zeta potential measurements and DLVO calculations. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that PS selectively adsorbed onto the serpentine surface rather than on the pentlandite surface. The analysis result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory calculations (DFT) suggested that PS strongly adsorbed onto the serpentine (magnesium active sites) surface (0<!--> <!-->0<!--> <!-->1) through chelation, forming phospho-oxygen-magnesium (P-O-Mg) bonds, instead of adsorbing on pentlandite. In conclusion, in the flotation process of sulfide ores from serpentine, PS may be regarded as an effective and selective depressant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}