Minerals Engineering最新文献

Numerical and experimental analysis of rock-breaking characteristics of basalt under microwave irradiation 微波辐照下玄武岩破岩特性的数值与实验分析

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109876

Ming Gao , Yuanyuan Kuang , Hanlin Wang , Liyuan Zhang , Lixia Yang , Dajun Wu , Xiaojie Wang

{"title":"Numerical and experimental analysis of rock-breaking characteristics of basalt under microwave irradiation","authors":"Ming Gao , Yuanyuan Kuang , Hanlin Wang , Liyuan Zhang , Lixia Yang , Dajun Wu , Xiaojie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Microwave-Direct Rock Destruction (MDRD) method is employed to utilize microwave energy for inducing phase transitions in rock, thereby enabling rock removal without physical contact between mechanical tools and the target substrate. This non-contact rock fragmentation approach holds promise for mitigating mechanical tool wear issues associated with traditional rock-breaking methods. To investigate the effects of power input modes on the rock-breaking performance of MDRD, a systematic analysis was conducted to assess the interaction effects of key parameters (Power conversion point, initial microwave power and microwave power width) on the rock-breaking characteristics through single-factor and central composite experiments, followed by the optimization of these parameters. Additionally, a multi-physics numerical model was developed to analyze the energy evolution and pore-forming processes during MDRD. The results indicated that an increasing power conversion point can enhance the rock-breaking efficacy, whereas excessively high or low initial microwave power or microwave power width negatively impact the melting hole formation and MDRD effectiveness. In the MDRD process, a gradual transition of the microstructure within the melt hole to a glassy state is observed, while microstructural damage in the outer region continues to escalate. Furthermore, the microwave polarization mode and the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of the rock were found to dictate the distribution of the electric field and microwave energy within the rock, thereby influencing both temperature distribution and the morphological evolution of the melt hole shape. This study contributes to the understanding of the interaction between microwave transmission and rock, providing strategic insights for the optimization of the MDRD process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of tension combinations in flip-flow screen to enhance screening efficiency 优化反流筛张力组合，提高筛分效率

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109855

Yixin Wang, Runhui Geng, Ruile Li, Han Gong, Xinwen Wang

{"title":"Optimization of tension combinations in flip-flow screen to enhance screening efficiency","authors":"Yixin Wang, Runhui Geng, Ruile Li, Han Gong, Xinwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The screening of sticky materials is a critical step in mineral processing. This study aims to enhance the screening efficiency (<em>SE</em>) of sticky particles through the optimization of tension combinations in a flip-flow screen (FFS) using the Taguchi experimental method. The FFS was divided into four equal regions along the feed to discharge axis, with the tension in each region considered a factor influencing the screening performance. The Taguchi method was employed to identify the optimal tension combination that maximizes <em>SE</em>. Subsequently, Analysis of variance(ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the contribution of each region’s tension to the variability in <em>SE</em>. Furthermore, the motion patterns of the particle flow under the optimal tension combination were compared with those under the worst tension combination to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing the influence of tensions on <em>SE</em>. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized tension combination significantly improves <em>SE</em> by 9.17%. This optimization approach is not only straightforward to implement but also requires no additional energy input, making it highly advantageous for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109855"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applying a novel collector ML-8 to achieve efficient flotation separation of marmatite from pyrrhotite 应用新型捕收剂ML-8实现铁闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的高效浮选分离

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109869

Yuanlin Ma , Xiong Tong , Changtao Wang , Xian Xie , Feng Xie , Lizhi Xie

{"title":"Applying a novel collector ML-8 to achieve efficient flotation separation of marmatite from pyrrhotite","authors":"Yuanlin Ma , Xiong Tong , Changtao Wang , Xian Xie , Feng Xie , Lizhi Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the poor selectivity of xanthates, the selective separation of marmatite from pyrrhotite remains challenging, which limits the efficient utilization of zinc resources. Herein, micro-flotation tests confirmed that pyrrhotite was more easily activated by Cu<sup>2+</sup> in the butyl xanthate (BX) system and exhibited low floatability when using ML-8 as a novel collector, indicating that ML-8 was more suitable for marmatite separation. Adsorption behavior analysis demonstrated that Cu<sup>2+</sup> was not only adsorbed by marmatite but also possessed a certain affinity for pyrrhotite. After Cu<sup>2+</sup> pre-treatment, the adsorption of BX was enhanced on both marmatite and pyrrhotite surfaces. Conversely, Cu<sup>2+</sup>- treatment only promoted the affinity of ML-8 on marmatite surfaces, whereas the promotion of ML-8 adsorption on pyrrhotite surfaces was negligible; thus, pyrrhotite showed stronger wettability in the ML-8 system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the anchored Cu sites on the pyrrhotite surface exhibited lower chemical activity than those on marmatite surface and could not readily form complexes with ML-8. Finally, the effective flotation separation of marmatite from pyrrhotite using actual ore samples was achieved by substituting BX with ML-8, and the grade of the Zn concentrate was significantly improved from 5.87 % to 23.84 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the depression selectivity of fulvic acid for the efficient upgrading of phosphate ores based on nitrification modification: Flotation performance and mechanism insights 基于硝化改性提高黄腐酸抑制选择性的磷矿高效提质：浮选性能及机理研究

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109860

Rui Ma , Bingqiao Yang , Yifan Zhang , Bing Deng

引用次数: 0

Study on the behavior of potassium in bauxite during the digestion phase of Bayer process 拜耳法溶出阶段铝土矿中钾的行为研究

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109870

Yunchuan Gao , Mengnan Li , Qiang Liu , Zhanwei Liu , Wenhui Ma , Keqiang Xie , Jiaping Zhao , Hengwei Yan

{"title":"Study on the behavior of potassium in bauxite during the digestion phase of Bayer process","authors":"Yunchuan Gao , Mengnan Li , Qiang Liu , Zhanwei Liu , Wenhui Ma , Keqiang Xie , Jiaping Zhao , Hengwei Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium in bauxite can migrate to alumina in Bayer process, thus affecting the aluminum electrolysis. This results in decreased current efficiency and a reduced lifespan of the electrolytic cell. However, studies on the behavior of potassium during bauxite dissolution have not been reported. This study aimed to examine the effects of CaO addition, temperature, time, and caustic soda concentration on potassium dissolution behavior in bauxite. The results demonstrated that adding CaO, increasing the dissolution time, and increasing the dissolution temperature could significantly improve the dissolution efficiency of potassium, but increasing the concentration of caustic soda could decrease the dissolution efficiency of potassium. The dissolution efficiency of potassium was 45.76 % under the conditions of industrial production of alumina (CaO content 10 %, dissolution time 60 min, dissolution temperature 260 ℃, caustic soda concentration 235 g/L). The potassium ions in the solution combined with silicates and sulfur in the form of vishnevite (Na<sub>6.5</sub>K<sub>1.02</sub>Ca<sub>0.12</sub>(Si<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>O<sub>24</sub>)(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>0.96</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>) and hauyne (K<sub>1.6</sub>Ca<sub>2.4</sub>Na<sub>4.32</sub>(Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>24</sub>)(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>1.52</sub>) into the red mud. The investigation of surface morphological features and roughness evolution of bauxite and red mud by atomic force microscopy offers direct nanoscopic evidence for the dissolution of bauxite. The potassium dissolution was controlled by an interfacial chemical reaction, and the calculated activation energy of the reaction was 41.85 kJ/mol under experimental conditions. This study aims to provide a reference for the efficient use of bauxite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding copper flotation in the JKHFmini: A small-scale fluidised bed cell 了解JKHFmini中的铜浮选：一个小型流化床池

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109864

Bellson Awatey , Isabella Verster , Kym Runge

{"title":"Understanding copper flotation in the JKHFmini: A small-scale fluidised bed cell","authors":"Bellson Awatey , Isabella Verster , Kym Runge","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laboratory batch flotation testing on small samples in conventional cells, such as the Denver flotation cell, is well-established and standardised. On the other hand, the JKHFmini, a newly developed small-scale fluidised bed flotation cell, requires testing to validate and understand the factors affecting its operation. This work aims to elucidate how the operating variables of the JKHFmini affect flotation performance and compare the flotation outcomes to those obtained in a full-scale HydroFloat® unit.</div><div>Flotation tests were performed using a factorial experimental design and conducted in parallel with surveys of a full-scale HydroFloat® circuit. The results show that increasing the water flow rate during operation improved copper recovery, but excessive water flow caused unselective gangue recovery. Recovery also increased with airflow but plateaued beyond an optimal point. The JKHFmini demonstrated good repeatability with preferential recovery of copper over gangue, particularly in the coarser size fractions. The JKHFmini produced copper recoveries of similar magnitude compared to the full-scale HydroFloat®, although the mass recoveries obtained in the JKHFmini were significantly higher due to enhanced elutriation of fine particles.</div><div>These findings suggest the JKHFmini may be a useful tool for assessing true flotation performance in coarse particle flotation systems, although differences in elutriation must be considered when scaling to the performance in full-scale systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109864"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-efficiency direct acid leaching of vanadium from clay vanadium ore with microwave enhancement 微波强化粘土钒矿中钒的高效直接酸浸

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109857

Yun Zhang , Guohua Ye , Surong Mao , Xinyue Xiang , Yiyang Rong , Changxu Song

{"title":"High-efficiency direct acid leaching of vanadium from clay vanadium ore with microwave enhancement","authors":"Yun Zhang , Guohua Ye , Surong Mao , Xinyue Xiang , Yiyang Rong , Changxu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clay vanadium ore, as an important raw material for vanadium extraction, has broad application prospects when efficiently processed. By comparing the two processes of microwave-enhanced acid leaching and regular acid leaching, the influences of factors such as microwave power, the composition ratio and dosage of MF named after manganese and fluorine elements, sulfuric acid dosage, leaching time, and leaching temperature on the vanadium leaching efficiency were investigated. The results showed that microwave-enhanced acid leaching could effectively shorten the leaching time and increase the vanadium leaching efficiency. In the process of microwave-enhanced acid leaching of vanadium, the four factors of microwave power, MF dosage, sulfuric acid dosage, and leaching time had certain interaction effects with each other, and their influence degrees on the vanadium leaching efficiency were: MF dosage > sulfuric acid dosage > microwave power > leaching time. Through test optimization, the optimal process parameters for microwave-enhanced acid leaching were determined as follows: microwave power of 320 W, mass ratio of manganese oxide to fluoride 20 %:80 %, MF dosage of 4 %, sulfuric acid dosage of 16 %, leaching temperature of 95 °C, and leaching time of 5 h. Under these conditions, the vanadium leaching efficiency could reach 92.40 %. The high-frequency oscillation and heating effects of microwaves can effectively destroy the mineral structure, accelerate the reaction rate of vanadium-bearing muscovite, and promote vanadium leaching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109857"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of oxygen vacancies and pore structure in chloride impurity volatilization from synthetic silica 氧空位和孔结构在合成二氧化硅氯杂质挥发中的作用

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109856

Chun Liu , Kun Wang , Deren Yang , Xuegong Yu

{"title":"Role of oxygen vacancies and pore structure in chloride impurity volatilization from synthetic silica","authors":"Chun Liu , Kun Wang , Deren Yang , Xuegong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-purity silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) synthesized via the sol–gel method typically retains chlorine ions (Cl<sup>–</sup>), posing challenges to downstream processing equipment and product performance. However, the fundamental mechanisms and critical factors governing efficient dechlorination remain incompletely understood. In this study, amorphous high-purity SiO<sub>2</sub> particles were synthesized by sol–gel processing, and their dechlorination behavior was investigated using comprehensive characterization. Response surface methodology (RSM) identified calcination temperature and atmosphere as the dominant factors controlling dechlorination efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the residual Cl<sup>–</sup> content decreased to 16.89 ppm, deviating by 1.3 % from the model-predicted value (16.67 ppm). Thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) confirmed that Cl<sup>–</sup> was released predominantly as HCl and HClO<sub>4</sub> during calcination. Kinetic analyses indicated that Cl<sup>–</sup> impurities were chemically adsorbed on SiO<sub>2</sub>, with apparent activation energies of 57.66 and 57.38 kJ/mol under air and N<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Analysis of the crystal phase and morphology revealed that the calcination atmosphere had no discernible impact on the SiO<sub>2</sub> crystal form and pore structure. However, elevated temperatures increased the density of small pores, consequently impeding volatile release. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) demonstrated that calcination under an N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies (Ov), which captured Cl<sup>–</sup> and thereby limited further dechlorination. This work provides both theoretical insights and practical guidance for the deep dechlorination of high-purity SiO<sub>2</sub> and related materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of porphyry copper mine waste rock using TIMA analysis and its manufactured sand properties 用TIMA分析评价斑岩铜矿废岩及其砂体性质

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109861

Zhengxiang Liu , Yanxiu Wang , Yi Tian , Qiang Yuan , Wei Sun , Xuekun Tang , Anqi Yang

{"title":"Evaluation of porphyry copper mine waste rock using TIMA analysis and its manufactured sand properties","authors":"Zhengxiang Liu , Yanxiu Wang , Yi Tian , Qiang Yuan , Wei Sun , Xuekun Tang , Anqi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-ferrous metal mines produce around 1.2 billion tons of waste rock annually, leading to land occupation and environmental hazards such as acidic wastewater. Rich in silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, these wastes are promising raw materials for manufactured sand. In this study, manufactured sand was prepared from porphyry waste of Dexing Copper Mine without impurity removal. The mineral composition, particle size, shape, and elemental distribution were analyzed using the Tescan Integrated Mineral Analyzer (TIMA) to clarify mineral interrelationships and spatial distribution. Crushing was carried out based on the mechanical properties of minerals in porphyry parent rocks, and the gradation curve of waste rock manufactured sand was determined. The effects of minor Fe and Cu impurities were evaluated via alkali-aggregate reaction and MB value tests. Results indicated that the porphyritic needle content was 1.42%, the Methylene Blue (MB) value was 1.1, and the stone powder content was 7%. Physical performance indicators such as solidity (1.0%), crushing index (23%), and porosity (39.1%) met the technical standards of GB14684-2022. Concrete prepared with porphyry manufactured sand exhibited a six-month expansion rate below 0.1% of standard limit, with no alkali-silica reaction risk. The internal and external irradiation indices were 0.23% and 0.58%, respectively. The radioactivity indicators were below the standard limit of 1.0%, indicating no radiation risk. By combining mineralogical characteristics with physical and mechanical properties, this study confirms the feasibility of producing high-quality manufactured sand from copper mine waste. The findings provide guidance for optimizing preparation processes and support sustainable utilization of mining waste while mitigating environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109861"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface chemistry and flotation strategies of smithsonite: A review 辉钼矿的表面化学及浮选策略研究进展

IF 5 2区工程技术

Minerals Engineering Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109862

Lei Sun , Wuji Jiao , Yang Cao , Yi Qiao , Qingqing Wang , Wei Sun , Zhenjun Liu

{"title":"Surface chemistry and flotation strategies of smithsonite: A review","authors":"Lei Sun , Wuji Jiao , Yang Cao , Yi Qiao , Qingqing Wang , Wei Sun , Zhenjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The progressive depletion of high-grade zinc sulfide ores has shifted zinc production toward complex oxide resources, particularly smithsonite. However, the flotation of smithsonite remains highly challenging due to its intrinsic hydrophilicity, surface similarity to gangue minerals, and strong slime-forming tendency. These factors result in excessive reagent consumption, limited selectivity, and poor recovery of fine particles, ultimately restricting process efficiency and sustainability. Although considerable research efforts have been devoted to improving smithsonite flotation, the outcomes are often fragmented and lack systematic evaluation. This review provides a critical synthesis of recent advances in cleaner flotation strategies for smithsonite-rich ores. Key aspects include the interfacial chemistry and surface reactions governing flotation, a comparative assessment of sulfidization and non-sulfidization approaches, and the development of mixed and environmentally friendly collectors. Future research opportunities are also outlined, with particular emphasis on the molecular design of biodegradable selective reagents, the integration of machine learning for reagent system optimization, and the application of micro/nanobubbles to enhance fine particle recovery. Collectively, these developments chart a pathway toward more efficient, selective, and sustainable beneficiation of zinc oxide resources, thereby contributing to a resilient zinc supply for the global low-carbon transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 109862"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0