Minerals Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Study on coal-based solid state reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite","authors":"Wu Pengsen ,&nbsp;He Benliu ,&nbsp;Chen Jianli ,&nbsp;Zhang Yurong ,&nbsp;Du Jingwei ,&nbsp;Muhammad Moeen ,&nbsp;Gong Junju ,&nbsp;Guo Yufeng ,&nbsp;Qiu Guanzhou","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coal-based solid-state reduction of ilmenite is a fundamental and common pretreatment process in the titanium industry. Investigating the mechanism of coal-based solid-state reduction of ilmenite elucidates Fe/Ti separation and phase transformation, providing theoretical guidance for preparing Ti-rich materials from reduced ilmenite, optimizing processes, and enhancing TiO₂ grade, with significant implications. Firstly, the pre-oxidation experiment of Panzhihua ilmenite was carried out, and then the solid state reduction experiment and pre-oxidation of Ilmenite was carried out by using bituminous coal at 800 ℃−1150 ℃, and the relevant characterization analysis of the test samples was carried out. The results show that the pre-oxidation treatment can destroy the compact structure of ilmenite, which is beneficial to the reduction of ilmenite. Many pores are produced in the reduced ilmenite due to the formation of many metallic iron. The enrichment of MgO and MnO in the reduction process of ilmenite hinders the further reduction of FeO; during the ilmenite reduction, the honeycomb-like rutile (TiO₂) phase develops, and the reduction temperature has a significant effect on the content of rutile phase. When the reduction temperature does not exceed 1000 ℃, the content of rutile increases with reduction temperature increasing. However, when the reduction temperature exceeds 1000 ℃, rutile transforms into low-valent titanium oxide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline leaching of phosphorous from poultry manure ash","authors":"Yashwanth Ramesh ,&nbsp;Ganesh Pilla ,&nbsp;Jo Van Caneghem ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Granata","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorous (P) is an essential element for all living organisms and predominantly serves as a vital component in phosphate fertilizers pivotal for agricultural purposes. With the projected depletion of phosphate rocks reserves within the next century, the quest for alternative phosphorous source is necessary. Poultry manure ash emerges as a promising substitute, offering a potential solution to mitigate future phosphorous demands. This study investigates the extraction of phosphorous from poultry manure ash via alkaline leaching with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Factorial experimental designs and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to investigate the impact of concentration, temperature, and their interactions on phosphorous extraction yield. The leaching mechanism was studied by coupling an extensive kinetic analysis with XRD and SEM-EDX of the solid residues. Alkaline leaching extracts maximum 60 % of P in 8 h when working at high concentration (10 M) and high temperature (75 °C) on the ash with the original particle size distribution. The NaOH concentration was the factor most affecting the P extraction yield. The extraction of P was found to be limited by diffusional kinetic control and re-precipitation of phosphorous with the calcium contained in the ash. The first hindering effect can be reduced by leaching smaller size fractions of the ash, thus increasing the extraction up 70 %. The activation energy of alkaline leaching was found to be 41.11–60.98 kJ/mol in the size range 500–160 μm while the reaction was found to proceed under enthalpic driving force. While alkaline leaching demonstrates high selectivity for phosphorus, challenges related to limited extraction efficiency still need to be addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of strategically important critical minerals using novel co-collectors: Insights from a Central African copper ore using integration of particle-based separation modelling and flotation chemistry","authors":"NJ Shackleton ,&nbsp;V Malysiak ,&nbsp;L Pereira ,&nbsp;B Guy ,&nbsp;GS Mosia","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper has been highlighted as a critical mineral to mitigate climate change and provide clean-energy economy; however, major deficits are forecasted and therefore copper demand is expected to rise. This situation will become more severe if copper’s production continues at its current rate. Given the declining copper head grades as well as the long-time span needed for exploration of new sites, it has become necessary to improve the efficiency of existing beneficiation processes.</div><div>This paper focuses on copper’s flotation performance using novel co-collectors developed for improved extraction of various copper-bearing minerals and thus creating added value for concentrators treating base metal sulphide ores. The case study was conducted on a Central African ore, where batch flotation tests were performed and the concentrates were characterised with automated mineralogy, which data was used to train particle-based separation models. Results show a strong correlation between the recovery of the different copper minerals and AECI Mining Chemicals novel co-collector type thereby improving copper recovery even at a lower overall reagent consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insight into effect of cation bridging on the differential bonding mechanism of sodium carboxymethyl starch in molybdenite-talc separation","authors":"Zechao Huangfu,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Runqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selective depression of talcose molybdenum ores has always been a pressing problem in the physical chemistry of flotation. Herein, aluminum ion was introduced to investigated its effect on the selective depression of sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) on molybdenite-talc separation. The micro-flotation experiments shows that the combination of CMS and aluminum ion exerts a synergistic depression in low alkaline environments and exhibits strong affinity on the talc. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), adsorption isotherm, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) illustrate that aluminum ions act as a metal bridge to change the adsorption configuration as well as the adsorption strength of CMS. The primary factors influencing the adsorption of aluminum ion cross-linked with CMS (CMS-Al complex) on the molybdenite surface are electrostatic force, hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) can effectively accelerate its desorption. While CMS-Al complex has a stronger affinity on talc by hydrogen bonding and chemical interaction, which is not affected by DDTC. Differences in the adsorption affinities of DDTC and CMS-Al complex on the molybdenite and talc is another non-negligible factor in realizing the efficient molybdenite-talc separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophobic agglomeration of different types of collectors in the separation of fine tenorite from quartz","authors":"Qiurong Long ,&nbsp;Qiang He ,&nbsp;Weiyong Cui ,&nbsp;Yangge Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium oleate (NaOL), sodium octyl hydroxamate (OHA), heptyl triazine thione (HpNT) and hexyl tetrathione (HTT) − characterized by different hydrophobic groups and polar functional groups − were investigated for their effects on hydrophobic aggregation during the separation of fine tenorite from quartz. The findings showed that the hydrophobicity of the tenorite surface was significantly enhanced after treatment with these collectors. This observation was subsequently validated through flotation experiments, which revealed that these collectors exhibited favorable selectivity in the separation of fine tenorite from quartz, and the tenorite recovery ranked as followed: NaOL &gt; SDS &gt; HpNT &gt; OHA &gt; HTT. Zeta potential studies showed that the negative potential value of tenorite surfaces treatment with NaOL and SDS was higher than those treatment with the other three collectors. Furthermore, the results obtained by focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) confirmed that the agglomeration behavior of fine tenorite was influenced not only by hydrophobic groups but also by polar head groups. Notably, SDS and NaOL facilitated more efficient hydrophobic aggregation of tenorite, thereby increasing the apparent particle size of tenorite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on recognition method of liner wear stage based on operation and vibration information of semi-autogenous mil","authors":"TianQing Li ,&nbsp;Dakuo He ,&nbsp;Shuiqing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wear stage of the liner is of great significance to the production and maintenance of the mill. However, it is difficult to monitor the wear stage of the liner in real time. Therefore, this study developed a method to recognize the wear stage of semi-autogenous(SAG) mill liner on line. The pulp density is an important characteristic variable for reflecting liner wear stage. In view of the difficulty of on-line detection, this paper presents a method to calculate the pulp density of SAG mill under the condition that the product fineness index is qualified and the filling level of the internal grinding medium(steel ball) is stable. On account of the characteristics of nonlinear and non-stable significant changes in mill vibration information, this paper uses mode decomposition method(EMD, VMD) and principal component analysis (PCA) method to screen and reduce for the important vibration modal characteristics. Combined with the important operating parameters of the mill (feed ore and water), multiple groups of deep learning algorithms based on the recognition model of liner wear stage are established. In response to the actual need to recognize the stage of severe liner wear, an accurate recognition method of critical interval of liner wear stage is proposed to achieve accurate recognition of severe wear stage of liner based on the performance analysis results of several liner wear stage recognition models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of particle properties on erosion in slurry transport pipeline: Velocity, size, mass flow rate and shape","authors":"Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Ju ,&nbsp;Juan Xu ,&nbsp;Meng Xiao ,&nbsp;Pai Ning ,&nbsp;Tengfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the process of backfill mining, transporting slurry with large particles through pipelines at high flow rates poses risks of erosion-induced failures. Therefore, it is crucial to study the influence of particle properties on pipeline erosion rates. This study investigates the effects of coal-gangue particle characteristics, including velocity, diameter, mass flow rate, and shape factor, on erosion rates in filling pipelines. Through numerical simulation, it is found that particle velocity and shape factor are primary contributors to erosion, while diameter and mass flow rate also contribute, albeit to a lesser degree. Analysis shows that velocity and diameter influence erosion by affecting particle kinetic energy and impact force, while mass flow rate alters particle–wall collision frequency. The shape factor impacts erosion mechanisms by modifying particle resistance, particle–wall interactions, and erosion patterns. Pipeline geometry and orientation further influence erosion behavior; vertical bends and T-junctions show the highest sensitivity to velocity, whereas horizontal bends are more affected by shape factor. Optimal operating parameters to minimize erosion include a velocity of 1–2 m/s, diameter below 10 mm, mass flow rate under 6 kg/s, and shape factor under 0.2. Deviating from these recommendations, particularly when two or more parameters exceed the suggested range, significantly increases erosion-related downtime, adversely affecting operational efficiency. This study offers practical insights for enhancing the durability and efficiency of filling pipeline systems in coal mining applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating hydrodynamics of a laboratory-scale ImhoflotTM V-cell in recovering ultrafine magnesite from a dolomite-rich tailing","authors":"Olcay Ayoglu ,&nbsp;Duong Huu Hoang ,&nbsp;Maria Sinche-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Ahmad Hassanzadeh ,&nbsp;Martin Rudolph","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recovering ultrafine magnesite from dolomite-rich desliming tailings faces significant challenges due to the fine and ultrafine particle sizes, the similar physicochemical surface properties of magnesite and dolomite, and a lack of advanced technological solutions in froth flotation. This study introduces a novel approach by investigating the hydrodynamic properties of a laboratory-scale pneumatic Imhoflot^TM V-018 (Vertical V-cell type, 180 mm diameter) flotation cell as a potential solution to enhance the recoverability of ultrafine magnesite particles. The research comprises three key components: bubble size distribution analysis, hydrodynamic performance testing for the aeration system and feed flowrate measurements, and flotation experiments. Bubble size measurements conducted in two-phase (air–water) by investigating the effects of MIBC frother dosage and air flowrate. Results showed that increasing the MIBC frother dosage reduced bubble size and enhanced stability, while air flow had a dual effect on bubble size, depending on the range. Hydrodynamic performance tests resulted in smaller nozzle venturis producing higher pressures with Aerator B (venturi cascade). Flotation experiments studied two aerators (i.e., flotation reactors) with varying aerator diameters, pulp densities, air flowrates, and feeding positions. The highest recovery for magnesite (86.4 %- <em>R_max,</em> experimental and 87.1 %- <em>R_∞</em> modelled) with a kinetic rate constant (<em>k</em>) of 0.09 min⁻¹ was achieved at 4 L/min air flowrate, whereas the maximum grade 78.8 % was obtained with Aerator B (venturi cascade) and a nozzle diameter of 4.8 mm. Moreover, Aerator B demonstrated better selectivity across all mineral pairs compared to Aerator A (standard venturi aerator), achieving a maximum selectivity index of selectivity index of 5.2 for magnesite/quartz. These findings underscore the Imhoflot^TM V-018 cell’s potential, especially with the integration of the novel Venturi cascade reactor, whose unique hydrodynamic environment improves gas–liquid interaction and particle collision efficiency over traditional methods and setting a new standard for ultrafine magnesite recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the remediation of arsenic pollution in tin tailings by Geopolymer-cementitious hybrids","authors":"Chengping Li ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Shuntao Xu ,&nbsp;Jinsong Wang ,&nbsp;Chongjun Bao ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengfu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuejing Bin ,&nbsp;Dianwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The release of arsenic (As) from tin tailings poses significant environmental pollution challenges. Developing economic, green, and effective solutions for controlling As pollution from these tailings remains difficult. This study addresses this issue by developing a green multi-solid waste geopolymer, composed of tin tailings, red mud, desulphurized gypsum, and cement (TRGC). The optimized TRGC geopolymer achieved a maximum Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of 41.49 MPa. Results demonstrate that arsenic immobilization primarily occurs through the formation of arsenic-ettringite, calcium arsenate (Ca-As), and iron arsenate (Fe-As) compounds, effectively preventing As release. The TRGC-15C formulation (activated with 15 wt% Ca(OH) ₂) exhibited a UCS of 34 MPa and the lowest 28-day As leaching concentration (3.31 mg/L) among the base formulations. Furthermore, the addition of ferrous sulfate significantly enhanced As fixation. The TRGC geopolymer incorporating 4 wt% ferrous sulfate achieved the highest UCS (41.54 MPa) and a markedly reduced 28-day leaching concentration of 0.096 mg/L, which is significantly lower than values reported in the literature. This work provides valuable insights into utilizing multi-solid waste geopolymers as environmentally friendly backfilling cementitious materials for arsenic immobilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure optimization of pneumatic micro-bubble flotation machine based on numerical simulation","authors":"Jinhe Pan ,&nbsp;Hao Niu ,&nbsp;Changchun Zhou ,&nbsp;Changbin Peng ,&nbsp;Longfei Cong ,&nbsp;Shulan Shi ,&nbsp;Zhiping Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pneumatic micro-bubble flotation machines have emerged as useful flotation devices in recent years, offering advantages such as high processing capacity, simple structure, and energy and reagent savings. Their pneumatic particle-bubble collision performance and internal flow field characteristics need much development to support current inferior ores. Additionally, systematic theoretical guidance for structural optimization and scaling-up endeavors is necessary. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation techniques were used to simulate the flow field characteristics within the flotation cell of a pneumatic micro-bubble flotation machine. Theoretical analysis of its particle-bubble collision and separation principles was also conducted. Through the aforementioned investigations, it was observed that the internal flow field of the pneumatic micro-bubble flotation machine exhibited excessively rapid gas–liquid phase ascent, inadequate flow field stability and dispersion, and instances of direct discharge of some pulp and bubbles from the tailings pipe. To address these issues, structural optimization of the pneumatic micro-bubble flotation machine was performed by altering the arrangement of the micro-bubble generator within the flotation cell and adjusting the structure of the micro-bubble generator outlet. Following these adjustments, the ascent velocity of pulp and bubbles within the flotation machine decreased, dispersion within the flotation cell enhanced, air fraction near the flotation cell’s wall decreased, and interference of the flotation cell’s wall with the gas phase weakened, while the phenomenon of gas–liquid phase overflow from the tailings pipe was mitigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 109547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}