Junnan Qu , Zhicong Wei , Yang Liu , Qihao Gui , Mengyu Li , Yan Huan , Jianjun Fang , Haiyun Xie , Dianwen Liu
{"title":"紫草素在铜活化闪锌矿表面的抑制机理:选择性浮选分离的意义","authors":"Junnan Qu , Zhicong Wei , Yang Liu , Qihao Gui , Mengyu Li , Yan Huan , Jianjun Fang , Haiyun Xie , Dianwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109619","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application potential of shikonin as a natural organic depressant in the flotation separation of sulfide ores has not yet been fully explored. In this study, we systematically investigated the depression mechanism of shikonin on the flotation behavior of sphalerite and copper-activated sphalerite using micro-flotation tests, contact angle, zeta potential analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results demonstrate that shikonin exhibits significant depression effects on both sphalerite and copper-activated sphalerite. Actual ore tests yielded copper concentrates with grades of 18.71 % Cu and 5.42 % Zn, accompanied by recoveries of 85.23 % Cu and 13.27 % Zn. Zeta potential and contact angle measurements revealed that shikonin significantly reduces the hydrophobicity of sphalerite by modifying its surface charge characteristics and wettability. XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses confirmed chelation reactions between shikonin and copper/zinc surface sites, with the resulting complexes adsorbing onto sphalerite surfaces to effectively block xanthate collector adsorption pathways. In this study, it was found that SK chemically adsorbed on Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> sites on the mineral surface through oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl (<img>OH) and carbonyl (C<img>O)) to form stable Zn<img>O<img>C and Cu<img>O<img>C coordination bonds, leading to the depression of copper ion activation on sphalerite. This study is the first to elucidate the mechanism of shikonin in sphalerite flotation, providing new insights into applying natural organic compounds as eco-friendly depressants in mineral flotation. It also establishes theoretical foundations and technical pathways for developing green and efficient sulfide separation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 109619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Depression mechanism of shikonin on copper-ion-activated sphalerite surfaces: Implications for selective flotation separation\",\"authors\":\"Junnan Qu , Zhicong Wei , Yang Liu , Qihao Gui , Mengyu Li , Yan Huan , Jianjun Fang , Haiyun Xie , Dianwen Liu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109619\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>The application potential of shikonin as a natural organic depressant in the flotation separation of sulfide ores has not yet been fully explored. In this study, we systematically investigated the depression mechanism of shikonin on the flotation behavior of sphalerite and copper-activated sphalerite using micro-flotation tests, contact angle, zeta potential analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results demonstrate that shikonin exhibits significant depression effects on both sphalerite and copper-activated sphalerite. Actual ore tests yielded copper concentrates with grades of 18.71 % Cu and 5.42 % Zn, accompanied by recoveries of 85.23 % Cu and 13.27 % Zn. Zeta potential and contact angle measurements revealed that shikonin significantly reduces the hydrophobicity of sphalerite by modifying its surface charge characteristics and wettability. XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses confirmed chelation reactions between shikonin and copper/zinc surface sites, with the resulting complexes adsorbing onto sphalerite surfaces to effectively block xanthate collector adsorption pathways. In this study, it was found that SK chemically adsorbed on Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> sites on the mineral surface through oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl (<img>OH) and carbonyl (C<img>O)) to form stable Zn<img>O<img>C and Cu<img>O<img>C coordination bonds, leading to the depression of copper ion activation on sphalerite. This study is the first to elucidate the mechanism of shikonin in sphalerite flotation, providing new insights into applying natural organic compounds as eco-friendly depressants in mineral flotation. It also establishes theoretical foundations and technical pathways for developing green and efficient sulfide separation processes.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18594,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Minerals Engineering\",\"volume\":\"233 \",\"pages\":\"Article 109619\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Minerals Engineering\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687525004479\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Minerals Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892687525004479","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression mechanism of shikonin on copper-ion-activated sphalerite surfaces: Implications for selective flotation separation
The application potential of shikonin as a natural organic depressant in the flotation separation of sulfide ores has not yet been fully explored. In this study, we systematically investigated the depression mechanism of shikonin on the flotation behavior of sphalerite and copper-activated sphalerite using micro-flotation tests, contact angle, zeta potential analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results demonstrate that shikonin exhibits significant depression effects on both sphalerite and copper-activated sphalerite. Actual ore tests yielded copper concentrates with grades of 18.71 % Cu and 5.42 % Zn, accompanied by recoveries of 85.23 % Cu and 13.27 % Zn. Zeta potential and contact angle measurements revealed that shikonin significantly reduces the hydrophobicity of sphalerite by modifying its surface charge characteristics and wettability. XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses confirmed chelation reactions between shikonin and copper/zinc surface sites, with the resulting complexes adsorbing onto sphalerite surfaces to effectively block xanthate collector adsorption pathways. In this study, it was found that SK chemically adsorbed on Zn2+ and Cu2+ sites on the mineral surface through oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl (OH) and carbonyl (CO)) to form stable ZnOC and CuOC coordination bonds, leading to the depression of copper ion activation on sphalerite. This study is the first to elucidate the mechanism of shikonin in sphalerite flotation, providing new insights into applying natural organic compounds as eco-friendly depressants in mineral flotation. It also establishes theoretical foundations and technical pathways for developing green and efficient sulfide separation processes.
期刊介绍:
The purpose of the journal is to provide for the rapid publication of topical papers featuring the latest developments in the allied fields of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy. Its wide ranging coverage of research and practical (operating) topics includes physical separation methods, such as comminution, flotation concentration and dewatering, chemical methods such as bio-, hydro-, and electro-metallurgy, analytical techniques, process control, simulation and instrumentation, and mineralogical aspects of processing. Environmental issues, particularly those pertaining to sustainable development, will also be strongly covered.