{"title":"A Wideband High Gain Transmit-Array Antenna Exploiting Polarization-Rotated Metasurface Cell","authors":"Yamei Zhang, Feng Xu, Jingxia Qiang, Shui Liu, Qi Xie","doi":"10.1002/mop.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel polarization-insensitive transmit-array (TA) antenna using linear polarization-rotated (PR) metasurface (MS) unit cells has been proposed in this article. Firstly, we design a wideband polarization-insensitive polarization-rotated MS unit cell. The MS cell can provide high transmission for incident linear polarized waves with polarization rotation by 90°. Then, we investigate the stability of the MS cell under the oblique incident wave. The proposed MS cell keeps a stable response under oblique incident wave over ± 30°. To verify the excellent performance of the proposed MS. We design a high-gain TA antenna consisting of a standard feed horn and an aperture with a gradient phase. The gradient phase compensation is provided by varying the geometric dimension of the proposed MS. The obtained TA antenna works in a wide band with high gain. We fabricated the aperture and set up a prototype of TA antenna to verify our work. We measure the TA antenna and the results show a wide operating band from 14.2 to 18 GHz with a pick gain of 23.9 dBi. The favorable performance of the TA antenna is a good candidate in satellite systems and long-distance satellite system. Furthermore, the angular stability of the MS cell is also verified by realizing the beam scanning performance. An over ± 30° scan range is obtained. Good beam scanning can be used in radar detection and expand signal coverage.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongjia Zhang, Guojie Wu, Zhenfeng Gong, Liang Mei
{"title":"A Rollar-Type Resonant Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Trace Gas Detection","authors":"Yongjia Zhang, Guojie Wu, Zhenfeng Gong, Liang Mei","doi":"10.1002/mop.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a miniature Rollar-type resonant photoacoustic cell (RRPAC), consisting of two cylindrical resonant cavities and a buffer chamber. The finite element analysis of the acoustic field distributions for the RRPAC and T-type resonant photoacoustic cell (TRPAC) is utilized, demonstrating that RRPAC can produce a greater photoacoustic signal than the conventional TRPAC. A high sensitivity trace C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system is successfully developed by combining a cantilever beam-based acoustic sensor as the acoustic sensing unit and a high-speed spectrometer as the demodulation unit with the RRPAC. The experimental results indicate that the 2f signal of the RRPAC at the first-order resonance mode is approximately 1.5 times of the TRPAC with the same C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> concentration. The gas detection limit of the RRPAC PAS system for C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> is 40.7 ppb at an averaging time of 100 s. In comparison with the conventional TRPAC, the RRPAC exhibits higher sensitivity, thus providing a novel solution for the advancement of the PAS system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Si-si Hao, Jian-ying Li, Xin-zhao Chen, Xiang-long Li
{"title":"Scaled Coherence Factor Based Delay Multiply and Sum Beamforming Algorithm in Microwave Imaging","authors":"Si-si Hao, Jian-ying Li, Xin-zhao Chen, Xiang-long Li","doi":"10.1002/mop.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microwave imaging is a highly promising modality for the early detection of breast cancer. A multitude of image reconstruction algorithms have been devised. Previous methods utilized the coherence factor (CF) to enhance image quality. However, CF-based methods often oversuppress the desired signals and introduce image artifacts when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. This study introduces a scaled coherence factor-based delay multiply and sum (DMAS) Beamforming technique to achieve good noise suppression while maintaining robustness. The performance of this method was evaluated using datasets derived from an experimental breast phantom. The results show that the proposed method achieves improvements of signal-to-clutter ratio by 26%, signal-to-mean ratio by 7%, full-width at half-maximum by 8%, and localization error by 51% compared to the CF-DMAS method. The suggested microwave imaging approach for breast cancer detection provides high resolution, contrast, and localization accuracy along with low computational complexity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunlong Mao, Minghui Zhu, Haonan Liu, Si Li, Shunqi Zhang
{"title":"A Novel Metasurface Antenna With Enhanced CP Bandwidth Through Decreasing Q Factor","authors":"Yunlong Mao, Minghui Zhu, Haonan Liu, Si Li, Shunqi Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This letter presents a novel metasurface antenna with improved axial ratio bandwidth using parasitic annular sector strips which decreased the <i>Q</i> factor. First, a metasurface antenna composed of a circular patch with etched annular cracks was designed and analyzed through characteristic analysis. Later, to enhance the axial bandwidth, four annular sector parasitic strips were added to decrease the <i>Q</i> factor based on transmission line analysis. In the end, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The results show that the proposed antenna operates in the frequency band from 8.77 to 9.68 GHz; its 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 9.19–9.62 GHz, which is significantly improved by 119% compared to the case without the parasitic strips; the maximum gain is 7.2 dBic, which makes it a good candidate for marine search and rescue communications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Balanced-to-Balanced Filtering Crossover With Wideband Isolation and Common-Mode Suppression","authors":"Xiao Tan, Zhongbao Wang, Shipeng Zhao, Hongmei Liu, Mingming Gao, Shaojun Fang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, a novel balanced-to-balanced (BTB) filtering crossover is proposed, which is co-designed to integrate the bandpass response and common-mode (CM) suppression characteristics without cascading the filtering networks and Baluns. Even- and odd-mode analysis is adopted to verify that the proposed BTB filtering crossover can achieve the differential-mode (DM) cross-transmission while maintaining high isolation and CM suppression. For verification of the design theory, a microstrip prototype with the center frequency <i>f</i><sub>0</sub> of 2.45 GHz is fabricated and measured. The measured DM return loss, insertion loss, and isolation are 28.7, 0.54, and 43.6 dB, respectively. For CM excitation, the measured CM suppression and isolation at <i>f</i><sub>0</sub> are 45.4 and 45.6 dB, respectively. More importantly, the proposed crossover features wideband isolation (over 20 dB) and CM suppression (over 45 dB) covering all measured frequencies from 1.0 to 4.0 GHz.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiping Shi, Guangming Wang, Xingjia Zhang, Chaolong Yi, Lei Shi, Yufeng Zhu, Yanlei Lu, Xiangyu Wang, Zhaofei Lei
{"title":"Design of a Novel 16-Way Short Pulse Power Divider Based on Transmission Line Transformer","authors":"Yiping Shi, Guangming Wang, Xingjia Zhang, Chaolong Yi, Lei Shi, Yufeng Zhu, Yanlei Lu, Xiangyu Wang, Zhaofei Lei","doi":"10.1002/mop.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article presents a 16-way short pulse power divider (PD) with the same input and output impedance based on the transmission line transformer (TLT) principle. Different from the traditional multi-channel PD composed of impedance tapered transmission lines and PDs in parallel structure, the novel 16-way PD is cascaded by multi-stages of series-parallel structure, which avoids the process of impedance transformer and improves the compactness of the device, as well as the transmission efficiency. It was composed of four stages of the novel series-parallel constructure converted from coaxial waveguide to microstrip line. And to control the energy dissipation, a unified ground of the output ports was built, and the short-ended metal shell was loaded between every stage. This 16-way PD was fabricated and measured. The measured return loss of the PD is less than −16 dB from 440 MHz to 6 GHz, and less than −10 dB from 270 MHz to 6 GHz. The measured peak gain is more than 0.83 when input by a Gaussian pulse with t<sub>FWHM</sub> = 250 ps (FWHM: full-width half maximum).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Pei, Yanjun Zhang, Wei Lian, Weiyan Liu, Shize Wang
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Radio Frequency/Underwater Wireless Optical Communication System With Fog Conditions Based on NOMA","authors":"Qian Pei, Yanjun Zhang, Wei Lian, Weiyan Liu, Shize Wang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper investigates the performance of cooperative radio frequency/underwater wireless optical communication (RF/UWOC) systems based on a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), where amplify-and-forward (AF) protocols are considered. We assume that there is no direct connection between the transmitter and the receiver. The unified PDF for RF/UWOC systems was derived using atmospheric and underwater turbulence with non-zero average unilateral pointing error under foggy conditions. Based on the analysis results, the expression of outage probability (OP) is obtained. Simulation results show that NOMA can provide fairness, then the increase of the number of channels and the change in turbulence parameters will affect all aspects of system performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ionospheric clutter reduction for high-frequency surface-wave radar based on time-frequency-ridgelet filtering","authors":"Yuan Su, Yinsheng Wei, Rongqing Xu, Yongtan Liu","doi":"10.1002/mop.34348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.34348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The existence of ionosphere clutter, the target limits the performance of high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR). It is more desirable to solve the problem of ionosphere clutter mitigation. Existing methods suffer difficulty when the clutter is nonstationary. To overcome this issue, a novel ionospheric clutter mitigation algorithm based on Time-Frequency-Ridgelet Filtering (TFRF) is proposed in this paper. Our study shows that the time-frequency ridgelet coefficients of the clutter are nonstationary, whereas the targets' are stationary. Therefore, the ionosphere clutter can be reduced by the TFRF method. Experimental results show that the proposed TFRF method can effectively mitigate the nonstationary ionospheric clutter, and can improve the Signal to Clutter and Noise Ratio and the detection performance of HFSWR.</p>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Zhang, Hongmei Liu, Siran Zhang, Zhongbao Wang, Shaojun Fang
{"title":"Synthesis of Four-Coupled-Line Based Wideband Coupler With Inherent Filtering Feature and Its Modification","authors":"Yan Zhang, Hongmei Liu, Siran Zhang, Zhongbao Wang, Shaojun Fang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the paper, a compact wideband filtering quadrature coupler is proposed, which utilizes the inherent filtering feature of the unequal-width four-coupled-line (FCL) for the first time. Simply by assigning four terminals of the FCL as open-circuited, the functions of power division, quadrature phase, and inherent filtering response are obtained simultaneously within a wideband. It also has the merits of high directivity and low insertion loss. Since the proposed FDC has the inherent filtering feature without adding extra resonators, the size is the smallest (0.29<i>λ</i><sub>g</sub> × 0.13<i>λ</i><sub>g</sub>), and the structure is the simplest when compared with state-of-the-art wideband FDCs. Moreover, based on the derived universal impedance matrix of the unequal-width FCL, the FCL-based coupler, as well as other multiport circuits, can be theoretically analyzed. For validation, a prototype is implemented. Measurements show that the proposed coupler exhibits a bandwidth of over 45% under the conditions of 10-dB return loss, 10-dB isolation, 0.5-dB amplitude imbalance, and 5° phase difference error. Besides, the stopband rejection is more than 15 dB, and the rectangle coefficient (RC = |BW<sub>20 dB</sub>/BW<sub>3 dB</sub>|) reaches 1.74. Further, as a modification, the high-frequency selectivity characteristic (RC = 1.11) can be obtained by simply inserting <i>λ</i>/2 stepped impedance resonators with less influence on in-band performance and little increase in size.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Xi Li, Jie Ju Huang, Fan Jiang, Liang Hua Ye, Jian-Feng Li, Yi Qiang Ni
{"title":"Dual-Wideband Slot Antenna With Simple Structure","authors":"Jun Xi Li, Jie Ju Huang, Fan Jiang, Liang Hua Ye, Jian-Feng Li, Yi Qiang Ni","doi":"10.1002/mop.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A compact dual-wideband slot antenna with a simple structure is presented. A wide slot etched in a rectangular ground plane is fed by a T-shaped strip and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line for generating an ultrawide lower operating band. Then a narrow slot, which is embedded in the T-shaped strip, is fed by a microstrip line for introducing a wide higher operating band. It is worth noting that the loading of the narrow slot and microstrip line does not enlarge the antenna size, but introduce an extra higher operating band. By using this method, a dual-wideband antenna is designed. It achieves dual wide bandwidths of 117.8% and 58.1%, which covers 0.698–2.7 and 3.3–6 GHz for the lower and higher bands, respectively. The isolation between the ports can exceed 30 dB. Additionally, the overall size of our antenna is only 0.30<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 0.24<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 0.002<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> (<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> is the free-space wavelength at the lowest frequency).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"66 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}