Microwave and Optical Technology Letters最新文献

{"title":"Terahertz Four-Way Out-of-Phase Waveguide Power Combiner With Low Insertion Loss","authors":"Kaijun Song,&nbsp;Yuting Yuan,&nbsp;Yong Fan","doi":"10.1002/mop.70329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70329","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A terahertz four-way out-of-phase waveguide power combiner has been proposed and analyzed in this paper. The input return loss of the circuit is improved greatly by the power combiner through the metal matching square column in the center of the circuit node, and the four output ports are reversed in equal amplitude. A simple equivalent circuit model for this power-combining structure has been developed. To verify the validity of the proposed structure, a four-way power combiner structure with the center frequency of 145 GHz has been designed and fabricated with conventional machining. The measured input return loss of the circuit is greater than 16 dB from 130 to 162 GHz. And the insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB from 140 to 160 GHz, which corresponds to a power-combining efficiency of 90%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-Phasing Power Amplifier Configured With Multifunctional Networks Using Microstrip Parallel-Coupled Line","authors":"Yixi Tang,&nbsp;Wenjie Feng,&nbsp;Weiwei Wang,&nbsp;Wenquan Che","doi":"10.1002/mop.70391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70391","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A design strategy with multifunctional network for out-phasing power amplifier (OPA) is proposed. The multifunctional (M-F) network using coupled lines is implemented to achieve reactive loading compensation of the fundamental wave and harmonic controlling, thereby enhancing efficiency. Leveraging the characteristics of the coupled lines, this configuration achieves conjugate reactance matching for upper and lower branches of the OPA using single network. In addition, the multifunctional network performs as the drain bias circuit, reducing the number of components needed for the output network. Benefiting from the proposed design strategy, efficiency enhancement and simplified circuit structure can be simultaneously obtained. An OPA using GaN devices with harmonic control coupled network is designed and implemented. The designed OPA achieves 44.3-dBm saturated power at 2.4 GHz. Meanwhile, 72.5% and 58.7% drain efficiencies are obtained respectively at 6-dB output power back-off and saturation output power. For the down-link long-term evolution (LTE) signal with a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz and a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 8 dB, the average adjacent channel power ratio and error vector magnitude of the fabricated OPA reach −51.2 dBc and 1.48% after digital pre-distortion.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Modality Detection of Liver Coagulation via Optical Diffuse Reflectance and a Microwave Antenna","authors":"Ashraf S. Abdel Halim,&nbsp;Omnia Hamdy","doi":"10.1002/mop.70401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70401","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coagulation and unusual blood clotting levels are considered to be major warning signs of a variety of liver problems, including liver damage, toxicity, and cirrhosis. This paper provides a dual-modality technique for detecting liver tissue coagulation that employs both optical diffuse reflectance and a custom-designed implantable microwave antenna. The antenna was designed to test its ability to discriminate between native and coagulated chicken liver tissue. To evaluate optical diffuse reflectance, a 632 nm laser was used. In parallel, different aspects of the suggested antenna, such as its gain, efficiency, radiation patterns, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), specific absorption rate (SAR), and reflection coefficient (S11), were examined through simulations and experiments. The simulation results show that the proposed antenna resonates at 450 MHz (MICS band). S₁₁ parameter for the native liver was determined by simulations to be −24 dB. In contrast, the measured S₁₁ values were −18 and −10 dB for the native and coagulated samples, respectively. Additionally, the diffuse reflectance of coagulated liver varied noticeably when compared to the original tissue. Both modalities (microwave and optical) demonstrated noticeable changes in signal response as a result of tissue coagulation, with the antenna revealing variations in S11 and the optical system demonstrating variations in reflectance intensities. The detection performance of both modalities was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, which revealed that the proposed microwave antenna has the potential to be a useful tool for noninvasive tissue coagulation monitoring when combined with optical reflectance sensing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact Filtering Phase Shifter With High-Frequency Selectivity and Wide Stopband","authors":"Min Li,&nbsp;Suchuan Qian,&nbsp;Yuanming Yan,&nbsp;Tianye Ma","doi":"10.1002/mop.70393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70393","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this research paper, a compact filtering phase shifter (FPS) featuring high-frequency selectivity and a wide stopband is introduced. Through the utilization of the proposed dual-mode ring resonator (DMRR) structure in both the reference and main branch, a filtering passband with high-frequency selectivity and a wide stopband can be achieved. Simultaneously, by delicately incorporating the delay line and bandwidth in the main branch, a constant phase difference within the passband is acquired. For verification, a prototype of the FPS is designed, fabricated, and measured using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. The measured results are found to be in good agreement with the simulated ones.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband Phased Array Antenna by Combining Array Traveling Wave Mode and Unit Resonance Mode","authors":"Xuan Zhou,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Shaoqiu Xiao","doi":"10.1002/mop.70389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70389","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A new multi-mode combination method that combines traveling wave mode in an array with resonance mode in an antenna unit, is proposed to realize expand the bandwidth of the array. The proposed concept is demonstrated by integrating a resonant element structure (a folded split slit loop formed by combined slots) into a connected parallel slot tightly coupled array (TCA). The array unit in an infinite array with the operation frequency band of 1.08–3.41 GHz is designed based on the master-slave boundary method for a group of periodic structures. The E-field distributions at several typical frequency points indicate that the array operates with traveling wave mode at <i>f </i>= 1.40/3.00 GHz and resonant mode at <i>f</i> = 3.35 GHz, respectively. A finite array with 7 × 7 units is designed and manufactured, the array can operate at 1.0–3.63 GHz with an active VSWR less than 3. To better illustrate the radiation performance of the antenna, the obtained gain diagram of the 16 × 16 array is given. The designed array has the following characteristics: (1) the design guideline is simple, (2) both traveling wave mode and resonant mode have the same polarized radiation, (3) the designed 16 × 16 array can scan its main beam angle up to 70° in E- and H-planes over the whole operation band.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Efficient Dual-Band Class-F Rectifier for Wireless Power Transmission and Energy Harvesting","authors":"Honggang Hao,&nbsp;Zonggui Li,&nbsp;Wen Huang,&nbsp;Siyao Li,&nbsp;Yi Shen","doi":"10.1002/mop.70390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70390","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, an efficient dual-band rectifier based on a novel dual-band class-F harmonic control network is proposed for wireless power transmission (WPT) and energy harvesting (EH). This structure shapes the diode voltage into a square waveform and the diode current into a half-sinusoidal waveform, effectively controlling the second and third harmonics of the two target frequencies. This manipulation enables efficient class-F operation which can improve the performance of the rectifier. A dual-band class-F rectifier based on Schottky diode BAT15-03W was fabricated and measured at target frequencies of 2.45 and 3.5 GHz. The measured results show that the peak PCE of the dual-band rectifier is 72.2% and 72.6% at 2.38 and 3.66 GHz, respectively, at a load resistance of 800 Ω. Meanwhile, the rectifier has a wide dynamic range and a compact size of 24 × 28.5 mm².</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable Dual-Band Balanced Filter Using Quad-Mode Cavity Resonator","authors":"Shiyi Shen,&nbsp;Xin Fang,&nbsp;Zhentian Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoming Chen,&nbsp;Lixia Yang","doi":"10.1002/mop.70397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70397","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A reconfigurable dual-band balanced filter using quad-mode cavity resonator is proposed in this letter. A rectangular cavity embedded with four pairs of metal posts is adopted as the quad-mode resonator, microstrip feeding lines could generate two pairs of degenerate modes of the cavity under differential-mode (DM) excitation, and then form two passbands. Meanwhile they could be highly rejected under common-mode (CM) excitation. Tuning screws are inserted in the center of cavity to provide frequency and external coupling modulation between the two passbands, and then the frequency of the lower band could be adjusted independently. From the measured results, the center frequency of the lower band varies from 9.41 to 9.65 GHz, while the upper band is fixed at 10.98 GHz. Over the frequency tuning range, the dual-band response shows insertion losses of 0.52 and 41 dB CM suppression. The proposed reconfigurable filter is potential for applications in base stations and satellite communication systems requiring multi-channel, high anti-interference properties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Design of Compact Wide Rejection Bandwidth Lowpass Filter in 0.15 µm Gallium Arsenide Process","authors":"Sudipta Chakraborty,&nbsp;Sayan Kanungo,&nbsp;Anand Verma","doi":"10.1002/mop.70400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70400","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present contribution reports a systematic design methodology to develop a compact 5-pole Butterworth low-pass filter based on the concept of transverse resonance in the 0.15 µm gallium arsenide process. The reported transverse resonance low-pass filter (TR-LPF), in hybrid technology, at a cut-off frequency of 10.4 GHz, has an insertion loss of 0.5 dB and more than 25 dB return loss. The “C”-and “Z”-shaped folded stubs, loaded with additional shunt capacitors and spur resonators, provide compactness and wideband rejection bandwidth (RBW). The RBWs at 20, 30, 40, and 50 dB attenuation levels are 49.8, 40.5, 31.4, and 13.4 GHz. The size of the TR-LPF is approximately <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>0.11</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>0.079</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $0.11{lambda }_{g}times 0.079{lambda }_{g}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 100 GHz Switched Beam Patch Antenna Array With 4 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ×\u0000 \u0000 ${boldsymbol{times }}$\u0000  4 Butler Matrix Based on Metallic-Nanowire-Filled Membrane","authors":"Robert G. Bovadilla,&nbsp;Dongwei Wang,&nbsp;João E. G. L,&nbsp;Gustavo Palomino Marcelo,&nbsp;Gustavo Marcati A. Alves,&nbsp;Ariana L. C. Serrano,&nbsp;Rolf Jakoby,&nbsp;Gustavo P. Rehder","doi":"10.1002/mop.70399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a switched beam patch antenna array fed by a 4 × 4 Butler Matrix (BM) working at 100 GHz for the first time, based on a novel metallic-nanowire-filled membrane technology (MnM). Butler matrix (BM) is well-known as a simple passive beam-forming network with low loss to realize switched beam. For this application, the MnM offers a straightforward and cost-effective fabrication process for micro through-substrate vias (TSVs), optimized for crossovers to ensure high performance up to 100 GHz. This includes high return loss, high isolation, low insertion loss, minimal amplitude and phase imbalance, and a compact size. Based on these features, a compact BM is implemented, targeting operation at 100 GHz. The first measurement on the semi-BM demonstrator validates the design and fabrication with return loss &gt; 17 dB and progressive phase steps with &lt; 10% deviations from 95 to 105 GHz. The second measurement on the patch antenna array fed by the BM indicates rather symmetric switched beams at ±12° and ±45° with low side lobe level (SLL) of −14 and −7 dB. The four switched beams at 100 GHz have a decent gain from 3.3 to 5.5 dBi. The dimensions of the full array and the BM are 4.8 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $times $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 5.3 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $times $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.05 mm and 3.1 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $times $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 1.6 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $times $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.05 mm, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed technology can be used for optimized versions of the Butler matrix, employing techniques to reduce side lobes and compensate for power variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mop.70399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Wideband Crossed Dipole Filtering Antenna With Circular Polarization","authors":"Lei Li,&nbsp;ShaoRui Xie,&nbsp;YuXuan Xiao,&nbsp;ZiLiang Wu","doi":"10.1002/mop.70398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This letter presents a broadband circularly polarized filtering antenna with a parasitic square loop and four U-shaped elements. The antenna incorporates slotted branches on the dipole arms to enhance impedance matching and improve the axial ratio bandwidth for circular polarization (CP). The parasitic square loop creates a radiation null in the low-frequency range, whereas the use of four U-shaped parasitic branches improves high-frequency filtering characteristics. Simulation results reveal the antenna achieves a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 46.1% (1.67 ~ 2.67 GHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio(AR) bandwidth of 82% (1.32 ~ 3.12 GHz). The antenna also demonstrates significant out-of-band suppression, exceeding 16 dB at the lower band and 24.7 dB at the upper band, with a peak gain of 7.88 dBi within the band. The antenna exhibits excellent circular polarization and filtering performance, making it ideally suited for satellite communication applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18562,"journal":{"name":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}