Microsystems & Nanoengineering最新文献_第8页

ViraLite: an ultracompact HIV viral load self-testing system with internal quality control. ViraLite：一种具有内部质量控制的超紧凑HIV病毒载量自检系统。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01343-9

Aneesh Kshirsagar, Anthony J Politza, Tianyi Liu, Md Ahasan Ahamed, Ming Dong, Muhammad Asad Ullah Khalid, Roland Jones, Uttara Seshu, Kathryn Risher, Casey N Pinto, Yusheng Zhu, Samir K Gupta, Weihua Guan

{"title":"ViraLite: an ultracompact HIV viral load self-testing system with internal quality control.","authors":"Aneesh Kshirsagar, Anthony J Politza, Tianyi Liu, Md Ahasan Ahamed, Ming Dong, Muhammad Asad Ullah Khalid, Roland Jones, Uttara Seshu, Kathryn Risher, Casey N Pinto, Yusheng Zhu, Samir K Gupta, Weihua Guan","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01343-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01343-9","url":null,"abstract":"Effective antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition, provided viral suppression is maintained through routine viral load (VL) monitoring. Access to frequent VL testing remains limited, particularly outside centralized clinical settings. Decentralized and at-home HIV VL testing requires low-volume systems designed for patient operation. These systems must distinguish true viral suppression from test failure. Many approaches lack internal process verification, which makes negative results ambiguous. Here, we present ViraLite, an ultracompact, battery-powered HIV VL monitoring system that integrates reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with an RNase P internal process control, machine learning-assisted fluorescence analysis for one-pot multiplexing, and smartphone-guided operation. We evaluated ViraLite using 45 clinically archived plasma samples and benchmarked it against reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The internal process control identified 17 inconclusive tests that would otherwise be misclassified as negative. Among valid tests, ViraLite achieved 93.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity versus RT-qPCR. ViraLite enables decentralized HIV VL testing with low sample volume and interpretable negative results. This capability can expand monitoring beyond traditional clinic workflows and addresses a key barrier to patient-operated VL testing.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13415889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synchronization enhanced force microscopy for clinical tumor tissue mechanical characterization. 同步增强力显微镜用于临床肿瘤组织力学表征。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01337-7

Jiahao Song, Yanlong Zheng, Xifeng Sun, Yutao Xu, Xianming Qin, Xueyong Wei

{"title":"Synchronization enhanced force microscopy for clinical tumor tissue mechanical characterization.","authors":"Jiahao Song, Yanlong Zheng, Xifeng Sun, Yutao Xu, Xianming Qin, Xueyong Wei","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01337-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01337-7","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical properties of biological tissues and cells are novel marks reflecting their physiological and pathological states. Conventional techniques for mechanical measurements are often limited by bulkiness or ex vivo constraints. In this paper, we developed an all-silicon resonant MEMS force sensor. The sensor uses electromagnetic excitation to achieve stable operation in atmospheric conditions, and integrates a high-Q resonator synchronization enhanced technique. This design improves the resolution of the sensor and reduces detection noise without sensitivity attenuation. Surface Young's modulus tests were conducted on human gastric tissues. We revealed the mechanical differences among normal, tumor and fibrotic tissues which offers mechanical indicators for distinguishing these morphologically similar tissues in clinical scenarios. Notably, the measurement process is gentle and non-destructive, ensuring the integrity of tissue samples. This sensor provides a high-precision, miniaturized tool for tissue mechanical characterization, which can be used for navigation in minimally invasive gastric cancer surgery.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon nanotube fiber electrodes modified with surface-arrayed nanowires for enhanced mass transport in electrochemical nanofabrication. 表面排列纳米线修饰碳纳米管纤维电极以增强电化学纳米加工中的质量传递。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01368-0

Lingchao Meng, Pengxiang Yi, Yabing Li, Zhicheng Ai, Yongchao Yang, Hao Li

{"title":"Carbon nanotube fiber electrodes modified with surface-arrayed nanowires for enhanced mass transport in electrochemical nanofabrication.","authors":"Lingchao Meng, Pengxiang Yi, Yabing Li, Zhicheng Ai, Yongchao Yang, Hao Li","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01368-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01368-0","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotube fiber (CNF) is a promising wire electrode material for wire electrochemical micromachining due to its high strength, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. However, the smooth and hydrophobic surface of pristine CNF promotes bubble adhesion and interfacial velocity slip, which severely restricts mass transport and degrades machining stability. In this study, a surface-arrayed nanowire-modified carbon nanotube fiber electrode is proposed to enhance mass transport during micromachining. Vertically aligned NiCo₂S₄ nanowires, with an average height of approximately 10 μm, were grown in situ on the fiber surface, resulting in a surface that is both microtextured and functionalized. The nanowire array effectively penetrates the gas cushion, suppresses boundary velocity slip, and strengthens fluid-solid coupling. Flow field simulations and theoretical analysis demonstrate intensified near-wall convection and improved mass transport induced by the microtextured surface. Wire electrochemical micromachining experiments on Ni-based metallic glass show that the modified electrode significantly improves machining performance. The maximum stable feed rate was increased to 0.8 μm/s, the power fluctuation frequency was reduced from 2.2/min to 0.2/min, and the surface roughness Ra was decreased by approximately 60% to 25.5 nm. In addition, high-precision batch fabrication of 25 stepped cantilever micro-components was successfully achieved using the multiwire and multilayer electrochemical machining with a relative standard deviation below 0.1%, demonstrating the engineering applicability of the proposed electrode. This work provides a practical approach for overcoming mass transport limitations in wire electrochemical micromachining through electrode surface microstructure engineering.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-temperature H₂ sensing with a wide dynamic range enabled by PdO/Pd-ZnO nanorod arrays. PdO/Pd-ZnO纳米棒阵列实现了宽动态范围的双温H2传感。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01405-y

Yingyi Wang, Lin Liu, Chenfei Guo, Kejie Guan, Fuqin Sun, Yifan Li, Ju Bai, Xiaoshuang Gou, Xiaowei Wang, Ting Zhang, Sujie Qin

{"title":"Dual-temperature H2 sensing with a wide dynamic range enabled by PdO/Pd-ZnO nanorod arrays.","authors":"Yingyi Wang, Lin Liu, Chenfei Guo, Kejie Guan, Fuqin Sun, Yifan Li, Ju Bai, Xiaoshuang Gou, Xiaowei Wang, Ting Zhang, Sujie Qin","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01405-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01405-y","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen (H2) safety monitoring demands sensors that operate reliably across the entire trace-to-percent-level concentration range, a persistent challenge for conventional metal-oxide systems. Herein, a temperature-gated sensing strategy is demonstrated using PdO/Pd-decorated, metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived ZnO nanorod arrays. Conformal coating of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods with a conductive Zn-catecholate (Zn-CAT) MOF, followed by thermal conversion, yields highly porous ZnO@ZnO homojunctions functionalized with PdO/Pd nanoparticles. This optimized hierarchical architecture enables a single chemiresistive device to operate in two distinct regimes. At 125 °C, it achieves trace H₂ detection (0.02-50 ppm) with a theoretical limit of 49 ppb. At 250 °C, it delivers an ultrahigh response (3632 to 1% H2) while maintaining near-linear behavior up to 2.5%. Crucially, operando near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) explicitly unravels the underlying mechanism, revealing a transition from low-temperature oxygen-mediated pathways to high-temperature PdHx-assisted dissociative spillover. This continuous detection window, spanning approximately 5 orders of magnitude, bridges the gap between early-warning and catastrophic-release monitoring for full-scenario H2 safety.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovations in glaucoma treatment: development and testing of a novel self-adjustable implant for effective pressure regulation. 青光眼治疗的创新：开发和测试一种新型的自我调节植入物，用于有效的压力调节。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01400-3

Soroush Rafiei, Julien Maxime Gerber, Stéphane Bigler, Adan Villamarin, Constantinos Stergiopulos, Nikolaos Stergiopulos

{"title":"Innovations in glaucoma treatment: development and testing of a novel self-adjustable implant for effective pressure regulation.","authors":"Soroush Rafiei, Julien Maxime Gerber, Stéphane Bigler, Adan Villamarin, Constantinos Stergiopulos, Nikolaos Stergiopulos","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01400-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01400-3","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) are widely used to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) and slow disease progression; however, existing designs often lack intrinsic protection against early postoperative hypotony, show limited adaptability to evolving distal outflow resistance during bleb maturation, and rely on bulky or complex components that constrain implantation and MRI compatibility. Here, we present a compact, fully passive, self-adjustable glaucoma implant designed to maintain IOP within the physiological range by dynamically modulating its hydraulic resistance without external control or postoperative adjustment. The device consists of a circular microvalve incorporating a thin, pre-stressed compliant membrane that responds to pressure conditions at the inlet and outlet. Valve performance was investigated using fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations and parametric analyses, followed by fabrication and in vitro characterization, and ex vivo assessment of surgical feasibility in enucleated porcine eyes. The results demonstrate effective pressure regulation across physiologically relevant conditions, with mitigation of early hypotony and attenuation of pressure elevation under increasing downstream resistance. Ex vivo implantation confirmed ease of placement, appropriate anatomical fit, and compatibility with standard surgical workflows. Owing to its compact form factor, passive operation, and simplified, cost-effective design, the proposed implant addresses key limitations of current GDDs and shows strong potential for clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13407856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wafer-scalable artificial synapses and logic gate circuits based on coplanar self-aligned-gate organic transistors for artificial vision applications. 基于共面自对准栅极有机晶体管的晶圆可扩展人工突触和逻辑门电路用于人工视觉。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01376-0

Qi Yuan, Sihai Luo, Zechen Liang, Lijuan Chen, Hao Sun, Hongyi Shen, Yingfang Zhang, Xiaoliang Chen, Jian Lv, Bai Sun, Yi Lv, Guanghao Lu, Fenggang Ren, Jinyou Shao

{"title":"Wafer-scalable artificial synapses and logic gate circuits based on coplanar self-aligned-gate organic transistors for artificial vision applications.","authors":"Qi Yuan, Sihai Luo, Zechen Liang, Lijuan Chen, Hao Sun, Hongyi Shen, Yingfang Zhang, Xiaoliang Chen, Jian Lv, Bai Sun, Yi Lv, Guanghao Lu, Fenggang Ren, Jinyou Shao","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01376-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01376-0","url":null,"abstract":"Wafer-scale and low-voltage operation are essential for practical artificial vision hardware. Here, we report a wafer-scale platform for artificial synapse and logic gate circuits with a yield exceeding 91%, utilizing coplanar self-aligned-gate (SAG) organic transistors that combine the narrow-bandgap semiconducting polymer DPP-DTT with a self-assembled monolayer dielectric. Coplanar SAG electrodes effectively suppress parasitic effects due to the reduction of gate-to-contact overlaps, enabling uniform transistor operation at low voltages (-6 to 2 V) across the wafer, delivering a high rectification ratio of 2.46 × 105. Under near-infrared illumination, the devices exhibit efficient phototransduction and reconfigurable modulation of synaptic plasticity between excitatory and inhibitory modes, with an ultra-low energy consumption of 5.28 fJ per event. In addition, minimal circuit configurations enable electrically driven NOT and NOR logic gates circuits as well as optical-electrical hybrid-input NOR logic operations, enabling maximize and simplifying the functionality of photosensing logic circuits. Furthermore, an artificial neural network constructed based on the SAG transistors further demonstrate the potential applications in handwritten digit recognition with a recognition accuracy of ~96% and image memory behavior. This work provides a scalable and effective path for developing low-power artificial synapses to neuromorphic artificial vision systems.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High pressure transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation induces parameter-dependent cell-type specific effects. 高压经颅聚焦超声刺激诱导参数依赖性细胞类型特异性效应。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01391-1

Sandhya Ramachandran, Huan Gao, Keunhyung Lee, Pavlo Zolotavin, Katherine Bray, Chih-Yu Yeh, Siyi Wang, Lan Luan, Chong Xie, Kai Yu, Bin He

{"title":"High pressure transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation induces parameter-dependent cell-type specific effects.","authors":"Sandhya Ramachandran, Huan Gao, Keunhyung Lee, Pavlo Zolotavin, Katherine Bray, Chih-Yu Yeh, Siyi Wang, Lan Luan, Chong Xie, Kai Yu, Bin He","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01391-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01391-1","url":null,"abstract":"Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a promising technique that has been shown to have high spatial precision, deep brain penetration, and cell-type specificity. Intracranial electrophysiological recordings can measure neural responses to tFUS with high spatial and temporal resolution, but conventional silicon-based multi-electrode arrays cause vibration artifacts induced by increased tFUS pressure. In this study, using an ultraflexible nanoelectric thread electrode, we demonstrate the cell-type selective effects of tFUS under high acoustic pressure with a broad range of ultrasound parameters. We observe that their flexibility mitigates vibrations, eliminating artifacts even at high pressure levels. We observed a positive nonlinear relationship between pressure levels and both time-locked and delayed spiking responses in multiple cell types. We show that higher pressure levels produce distinct response curves across independently varied ultrasound pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle, suggesting the need for further investigation of pressure effects.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Label-free microcargo delivery and controllable release in complex fluidic environments based on autonomous magnetic microswarm. 基于自主磁微群的复杂流体环境下无标签微货物配送与可控释放。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01392-0

Zhixin Wu, Liushuai Zheng, Lei Fan, Tanyong Wei, Jinyang Gao, Xue Qi, Lei Zhang, Huanting Shi, Bingdan Wang, Renkai Guo, Hao Yan, Qiulin Tan

{"title":"Label-free microcargo delivery and controllable release in complex fluidic environments based on autonomous magnetic microswarm.","authors":"Zhixin Wu, Liushuai Zheng, Lei Fan, Tanyong Wei, Jinyang Gao, Xue Qi, Lei Zhang, Huanting Shi, Bingdan Wang, Renkai Guo, Hao Yan, Qiulin Tan","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01392-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01392-0","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic microswarms exhibit great potential for targeted delivery because of their excellent controllability and environmental adaptability. Enabling label-free cargo delivery and controllable release while endowing microswarms with resistance to environmental disturbances is key to expanding their application scope. In this study, we present a label-free microcargo delivery strategy based on a magnetic microswarm actuated by a magnetic tweezers system. In this approach, high-frequency magnetic fields enable autonomous cargo capture, while low-frequency fields trigger controlled release, forming a simple yet effective frequency-switching mechanism. Owing to the high-intensity magnetic field produced by the magnetic tweezers system, the microswarm exhibits significantly improved anti-interference capability, ensuring stable transport even under dynamic flow conditions. Leveraging visual feedback, the microswarm autonomously captures and stably transports various microscale cargos, including polystyrene microspheres and cell spheroids up to 400 µm in diameter. In complex structures and flowing fluid environments, microswarms that carry cargo successfully resist fluid impacts and achieve autonomous navigation. Furthermore, the controllable release of nonmagnetic cargos is realized through a frequency-switching mechanism. When a microswarm carries multiple cargos, small cargos are usually discharged first, indicating the potential of this release mechanism to sequentially release multiple cargos. This strategy circumvents the risks associated with permanent magnetic labeling and enhances the microswarm's anti-interference capability, providing essential technical support for the practical translation and clinical application of magnetic microrobots.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultralight infrared-controlled wireless neuromodulation systems for freely behaving mice. 用于自由行为小鼠的超轻型红外控制无线神经调节系统。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01389-9

Hyeonggyeong Cha, Yeonghwa Hong, Giheon Kim, Haeyun Lee, Minseok Kim, Se Hwan Park, Seungjun Lee, Namsun Chou, Hyogeun Shin

{"title":"Ultralight infrared-controlled wireless neuromodulation systems for freely behaving mice.","authors":"Hyeonggyeong Cha, Yeonghwa Hong, Giheon Kim, Haeyun Lee, Minseok Kim, Se Hwan Park, Seungjun Lee, Namsun Chou, Hyogeun Shin","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01389-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01389-9","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromodulation techniques including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been widely investigated for their therapeutic potential in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Basic studies using freely behaving animal models are critical for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of these neuromodulation techniques. However, conventional neuromodulation systems typically rely on wired connections or wireless systems incorporating communication and control modules, which increase device weight and volume, restrict natural behavior, and may introduce confounding factors in behavioral experiments. Here, we present an ultra-lightweight wireless neuromodulation system that can be externally controlled using infrared (IR) light, eliminating the need for complex wireless communication modules. The system incorporates wavelength-selective phototransistors (810 and 950 nm) to enable independent control of tDCS and DBS. The complete tDCS device weighs less than 1.5 g, while the DBS device weighs less than 0.5 g. Characterization of the IR LED array demonstrated uniform light distribution and high thermal stability, with no detectable temperature changes in the experimental environment during prolonged illumination. Open-field behavioral testing confirmed that neither device attachment nor IR illumination affected spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. In stimulation experiments targeting the secondary motor cortex (M2), both tDCS and DBS induced robust circling behavior in freely behaving mice, demonstrating effective modulation of motor-related neural circuits. These results indicate that the proposed systems enable reliable and selective neuromodulation without constraining natural behavior, providing a versatile platform for future behavioral and mechanistic studies of neuromodulation.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineering etiology-aligned in vitro models of human vessels. 与工程病因学相一致的体外人血管模型。

IF 11.1 1区工程技术

Microsystems & Nanoengineering Pub Date : 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-026-01397-9

Qi Li, Jiaxin Lin, Wenyu Zou, Jiangfeng You, Shuyuan Yu, Ziqi Gao, Huilong Du, Xinyi Shen, Jun Yin, Huayong Yang, Luqi Shen, Hongzhao Zhou

{"title":"Engineering etiology-aligned in vitro models of human vessels.","authors":"Qi Li, Jiaxin Lin, Wenyu Zou, Jiangfeng You, Shuyuan Yu, Ziqi Gao, Huilong Du, Xinyi Shen, Jun Yin, Huayong Yang, Luqi Shen, Hongzhao Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01397-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-026-01397-9","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular diseases remain a major global health burden, yet traditional animal models often fail to capture the human-specific mechanisms that drive disease progression. Recent policy shifts, including the FDA Modernization Act and the NIH's transition away from animal-only studies, have intensified the need for human-relevant vascular platforms. This review introduces an etiology-to-model framework that maps six principal classes of vascular disease, including congenital, metabolic, neoplastic, inflammatory, degenerative, and risk factor-induced, to the in vitro systems best equipped to reproduce their defining microenvironmental disturbances. We evaluate how 2D assays, organoids, organ-on-chip platforms, tissue-engineered grafts, and bioprinted vessels each recapitulate distinct structural, cellular, and hemodynamic features of human pathology. We argue that the central challenge is no longer the lack of advanced tools, but the need to validate models against disease-specific benchmarks and integrate biological complexity without compromising reproducibility. By embedding disease etiology into model design, this framework provides a foundation for developing predictive vascular platforms that accelerate mechanistic insight and support precision therapy development.","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0