Mindfulness最新文献

{"title":"Addressing Ethical Concerns in Implementing Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Educational Setting","authors":"Rony Berger, Ricardo Tarrasch, Maty Lieblich","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02332-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02332-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The burgeoning interest in mindfulness and the way it has been stripped from its Buddhist ontological roots and popularized in the West has recently raised ethical concerns regarding its application in various domains, and more specifically in the educational field. We will address in this article three main ethical concerns regarding implementing mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in the educational field. Firstly, how do we help educators and students cultivate personal awareness while at the same time being conscious of the needs of others and promote a pro-social orientation? Secondly, how do we ethically implement MBIs in the current neoliberal social, cultural, and political context? Thirdly, how do we implement MBIs in a culturally sensitive manner respecting the ethics of other ethnic groups and other societies? We will attempt to offer solutions to those issues by exemplifying how MBIs are integrated with compassion-based interventions (e.g., mindful self-compassion (MSC)) and social-emotional learning (understanding and managing emotions, building positive relationships, and making responsible decisions) among educators and students in Jewish and Arab schools in Israel. We will discuss three MBI programs that incorporate strategies addressing social ailments such as stereotyping and prejudicial attitudes and promote pro-social behavior as well as share research findings regarding their efficacy. Additionally, we will outline ways in which these mindfulness-based programs were adapted to suit different populations. Finally, we will conclude by pointing to future means to address these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140325958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizations of Mindfulness Among Experienced Practitioners","authors":"Jonah Lustig, LeeAnn Cardaciotto, Simon Moon, Megan Spokas","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02339-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02339-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Despite ongoing interest in the study of mindfulness, there remain differences in the way the construct is defined in research, with some questioning whether current definitions are reflective of experienced practitioners’ understandings, including those from Buddhist backgrounds. The present study sought to investigate how experienced mindfulness practitioners define mindfulness and how they evaluate 13 definitions of mindfulness found in research and historical sources.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>One hundred thirty-four participants, with an average of 20.3 years of mindfulness practice experience, completed an original online survey. Participants were first asked to provide their own definition of mindfulness in an open-ended format, then to evaluate how consistent 13 established research and historical definitions of mindfulness were with their own understanding. An exploratory mixed-methods data analytic approach was used to identify areas of agreement and disagreement between experienced practitioners’ and researchers’ conceptualizations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results revealed common language used to describe mindfulness: Both experienced practitioners and the established definitions included terms such as <i>attention</i>, <i>awareness</i>, and <i>present moment</i>. On average, participants rated most of the definitions from research and historical sources as at least <i>slightly consistent</i> (5 out of 7 on a Likert scale) with their own understanding. Conceptual disagreements by the experienced practitioners were observed related to a possible overemphasis on present-moment focus, whether mindfulness is best conceptualized as a state and/or a trait, and Buddhist concepts which may be missing from researchers’ definitions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>While the present study demonstrated broad general agreement in understandings of mindfulness among experienced practitioners and researchers, future research is needed to account for specific differences in understandings to work toward more comprehensive operational definitions of mindfulness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing Obstacles with Equanimity: Trait Equanimity Attenuates the Positive Relations Between Values Obstruction and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress","authors":"Aidan Smyth, Catherine Juneau, Seonwoo Hong, Michael John Ilagan, Bärbel Knäuper","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02338-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02338-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Previous research consistently indicates that individuals who experience greater obstruction to valued living report higher levels of psychological distress and are at greater risk of developing mental health problems. Equanimity, which involves a calm and balanced mental attitude towards all experiences, is thought to protect against psychopathology and may be particularly helpful for navigating obstacles to valued living. The present research examined dispositional equanimity as a moderator of the positive relations between values obstruction and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>Participants completed measures related to equanimity (Even-mindedness subscale of the Two-Factor Equanimity Scale; Equanimity Scale-16), values obstruction (Valuing Questionnaire), and psychological distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). The final sample consisted of 368 American adults (51% women, age range = 18–82 years).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>As hypothesized, trait equanimity moderated the positive relations between values obstruction and all three indicators of psychological distress, such that the positive relations were attenuated when individuals reported higher levels of equanimity. Results were consistent across two recently developed measures of equanimity. This research is limited by its cross-sectional design and the use of self-report measures only.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The present research offers preliminary evidence that dispositional equanimity attenuates the psychological distress that is typically associated with values obstruction. Future research can investigate whether cultivating an equanimous disposition through mindfulness exercises helps individuals to respond to obstacles in a manner that reduces adventitious suffering.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Preregistration</h3><p>This study is not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Mental Health Benefits of a Brief Online Mindfulness Intervention: A Randomised Controlled Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02331-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02331-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Objectives</h3> <p>The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a brief online mindfulness intervention in reducing depression, rumination, and trait anxiety among university students.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Method</h3> <p>The sample consisted of 486 participants including 205 (42%) in the experimental group and 281 (58%) in the control group. For a period of 28 days, participants in the experimental group engaged in daily mindfulness meditation during their free time. Additionally, they practised mindfulness meditation once a week during regular class hours. The control group was involved in regular class activities without practising mindfulness. The outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention using well-validated measures of mindfulness, depression, rumination, and trait anxiety. The data were analysed using mixed-model ANCOVA while controlling for baseline mindfulness levels as co-variates.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of a brief online mindfulness intervention in reducing depression, rumination, and trait anxiety of university students. Moreover, higher baseline mindfulness levels predicted better effectiveness of the brief online mindfulness intervention at an individual level and were inversely linked to depression, trait anxiety, and rumination.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>This study conclusively demonstrated that a brief online mindfulness intervention significantly reduces depression, rumination, and trait anxiety among university students, with reductions observed in specific measures of these conditions, highlighting the role of initial mindfulness levels in moderating outcomes. These findings underscore the effectiveness of brief online mindfulness programs in mitigating mental health issues in a university setting and the importance of baseline psychological states in intervention outcomes.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Preregistration</h3> <p>This study is not preregistered</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People Experiencing Psychosis: A Randomized Feasibility Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02326-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02326-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Objectives</h3> <p>There is a rapidly growing body of research into mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for People Experiencing Psychosis. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of a novel, 6-week 1:1 MBI, as well as the feasibility of the assessment and analysis of between-session practice and metacognitive beliefs as predictors of Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Method</h3> <p>A case series design was used. Eight participants were recruited, with seven completers. The primary outcome, QoL, was assessed up to four times per week, with additional outcomes taken weekly, pre-post, and pre-mid-post. Multilevel modelling was used to examine predictors.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>The methods and intervention were feasible. However, most participants preferred shorter, 30-min appointments with one mindfulness practice. Between-session practice varied significantly (0–220 min total), with three participants completing no between-session practice. Pre- to mid-intervention improvement in metacognitive beliefs was lost at post-intervention assessment. Non-significant trends of improvement were noted in most outcomes.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>A full-scale trial is recommended to assess the intervention and predictors, with adjustment of intervention length and post-intervention assessment suggested. Future research should also further examine metacognitive processes and factors associated with between-session practice adherence for people experiencing psychosis accessing MBIs.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Preregistration</h3> <p>This study was not preregistered. However, detailed study and intervention protocols were created as part of the ethics application, which was followed throughout the study. These documents are available upon request.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing for Mindfulness and Global Public Health: Where Inner Awareness Meets the External Environment","authors":"Burçak Altay, Nicole Porter","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02330-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02330-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we offer a commentary on Oman’s article “Mindfulness for Global Public Health: Critical Analysis and Agenda” from the perspective of external environments, be they natural or built spaces. Utilizing the 14 domains of mindfulness and public health identified by Oman, we examine how spatio-environmental concerns are aligned, or have potential synergies with, these dimensions. We consider spatial and environmental qualities and relationships, for example, the presence of nature or a sense of safety, as supportive for public health and formal mindfulness practice, synthesizing a growing evidence base within environmental psychology and design literature. We highlight particular points of alignment, namely the impact of environments on mental health, stress, and attentional qualities. Potential synergies are evident where these domains seek to increase resilience and the sustainability of our planet, communities, and individuals, and through the increasing emphasis on designing places that offer inclusive access to, and direct involvement in, the creation of belief (spirituality) and culture-specific interventions. Although these domains offer the potential for greater holistic research and practice, more interdisciplinary research is needed to bridge gaps and bring this potential into the mainstream.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Workplace Stress in Adult Education Lecturers: The Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Intervention","authors":"Chioma C. Osilike, Ezenwaji Chisom Ogochukwu, Ann Ebere Okechukwu","doi":"10.1007/s12671-023-02286-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02286-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Workplace stress is a significant mental health concern that affects teachers, with attendant consequences on students’ academic performance, and yet only little empirical research has been conducted on this area in sub-Saharan Africa. The study therefore assessed the efficacy of mindfulness intervention in addressing workplace stress among adult education lecturers in Nigeria.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Following a mixed-methods approach, pre-post-test and follow-up survey data, snowballing and purposive sampling techniques were used to recruit 365 lecturers for the survey (Phase 1) and 26 lecturers for the controlled experiment (Phase 2). The study variables were measured with psychometrically robust scales: Daily Stressor Scale and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Short Form (FFMQ-SF).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Overall, 248 (67.9%) male lecturers and 117 (32.1%) female lecturers participated in the study, with ages ranging from 34 to 65 years with an average age of 47.13 (<i>SD</i> = 8.54). We found 56.7% prevalence of workplace stress and mindfulness levels significantly and inversely correlated with workplace stress. Further, introducing or exposing lecturers to modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (mMBSR) significantly reduced workplace stress, whereas the control group showed no significant reduction in workplace stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The conclusion was reached that mMBSR demonstrated its clinical importance and usefulness in mitigating workplace stress prevalent among lecturers. The study findings indicate the importance of enhancing lecturers' awareness for the need of positive coping and adjustment, as well as becoming more emotionaly and socialy adept to their duties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Preregistration</h3><p>This study is not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness and Religiosity: Four Propositions to Advance a More Integrative Pedagogical Approach","authors":"Marcus A. Henning, Mataroria Lyndon, Lillian Ng, Frederick Sundram, Yan Chen, Craig S. Webster","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02325-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02325-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this commentary article, we critically discuss the need for greater understanding of intercultural and interreligious competence when teaching and applying the practice of mindfulness and contemplative meditation. We start by considering the predominant religious and belief systems that exist worldwide, how each system utilises meditation, and how this meditative practice can be linked to the experience of mindfulness. We then consider how mindfulness can be discussed when taught, through the cultivation of intercultural and interreligious competence. To create a clearer direction in the teaching of mindfulness within the context of interreligious competence, we present four propositions or considerations. We have also put forward a model that suggests mindfulness is a means to achieving greater understanding of self and, thus, more than a clinical tool for ameliorating observable malaise. Moreover, we assert that mindfulness and contemplative meditation practices lie on a continuum that provides the opportunity for self-realisation and optimal states of wellbeing. Our aim is to extend previous discussions on intercultural and interreligious competence as this relates to the practice of meditation. In addition, we continue the philosophical and pedagogical debate to enable teachers and students to optimise the full potential of meditation. In doing so, we create an expansive dialogue to enable teachers and students to engage in a richer and more accepting learning landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wisdom-Based Buddhist-Derived Meditation Practices for Prosocial Behaviour: A Systematic Review","authors":"Matthew Furnell, William Van Gordon, James Elander","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02323-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02323-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this evaluative systematic review was to analyse the impact of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) that incorporate Buddhist wisdom practices on prosocial behaviour, and provide insights into their underlying mechanism, potential benefits, and applications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>A systematic literature search was conducted using three electronic databases up until 1 December 2023. Data on the participants in the MBIs, the structure, and how Buddhist teachings were integrated were collected. The impact on prosocial behaviour was analysed, along with evaluating overall study quality and the validity of the measures used for assessing changes in prosocial behaviour.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Collectively, the 12 eligible studies (<i>n</i> = 2185) suggest that incorporating the Buddhist wisdom practices of contemplating interdependence, emptiness, and perspective-taking on self and others may enhance prosocial behaviour through various mechanisms, such as (i) developing a sense of interdependence and common humanity, (ii) fostering the altruistic desire to help others, and (iii) experiencing a state of oneness. However, concerns were raised about the overuse and reliability of self-report measures for accurately assessing prosocial behaviour, as well as in respect of discerning the effectiveness of different meditation practices that are integrated into MBIs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, the findings of this systematic literature review reinforce the perspective that wisdom-based meditation practices contribute to prosocial behaviour. However, to enhance the understanding of the underlying causes of prosocial behaviour, future studies should isolate the effects of different meditation practices incorporated within MBIs. Furthermore, it is strongly recommended that future studies assessing the impact of MBIs on prosocial behaviour employ a range of diverse measures, such as self-reported psychometric scales in combination with real-world morally relevant scenarios.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Preregistration</h3><p>PROSPERO: Registration No. CRD42023426411.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140043861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness Intervention with African-American Caregivers at a Head Start Program: An Acceptability and Feasibility Study","authors":"Erin T. Mathis, Jay Hawkins, Dominique Charlot-Swilley, Travis Spencer, Kaira Jewel Lingo, Dave Trachtenberg, Satyani K. L. McPherson, Celene E. Domitrovich, Amanda Shapiro, J. Corey Williams, Matthew G. Biel","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02320-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02320-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Caregiver psychological distress is a critical determinant of child developmental outcomes and increased risk for child psychopathology. An emerging literature on mindfulness-based interventions for caregivers has demonstrated the potential to enhance caregiver coping abilities. However, scant literature exists on the feasibility and acceptability of mindfulness interventions in African-American communities. The goal of the current study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness-based group intervention for African-American caregivers of young children attending a Head Start Center. We also examined pre- and post-intervention measures related to caregiver mental health to assess the promise of this intervention for generating meaningful clinical outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>We conducted a mixed method, single-arm implementation study combining semi-structured focus groups, participant exit interviews, and quantitative measures related to mental health symptoms, parenting, and mindfulness.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our findings support the feasibility and acceptability of using mindfulness with predominantly African-American caregivers of young children attending a Head Start early learning program. Study participants cited a range of benefits in interviews including improvements in mindfulness, and psychological distress. Significant pre- to post-improvements in piloted measures were identified including sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, trauma symptoms, and negative and positive affect.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These results provide preliminary support for the use of a mindfulness-based approach for African-American families, though more research is needed to determine the effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140043854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}