Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of phn Transporters of Achromobacter insolitus LCu2","authors":"Ye. V. Kryuchkova, G. L. Burygin","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723605122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723605122","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Phosphonates are alternative phosphorus sources for bacteria. The genome of <i>Achromobacter insolitus</i> strain LCu2 contains three predicted <i>phn</i> clusters of ABC-type phosphonate transporters into the cell. To understand the functional, evolutionary, and ecological role of the <i>phn</i> clusters, phylogenetic analysis of substrate-binding PhnD proteins from strain LCu2 with their homologs in other <i>Achromobacter</i> species and in closely related genera of the family <i>Alcaligenaceae</i> was carried out. The PhnD transporters formed three separate clusters, which indicated the differences in their structural composition. PhnD₁ and PhnD₂ were present in the genomes of all <i>Achromobacter</i> species and grouped separately from those of other members of the family <i>Alcaligenaceae</i>, which indicated vertical inheritance of the <i>phn</i>D₁ and <i>phn</i>D₂ genes and their involvement in the life-supporting processes. <i>Phn</i>D₃ was found in the genomes of seven <i>Achromobacter</i> species. The <i>phn</i>D₃ gene was probably acquired via horizontal transfer or duplication and is induced during adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Maintenance of three structurally different <i>phn</i> clusters of transporters is probably ecologically advantageous to <i>A. insolitus</i> LCu2, providing for phosphorus retrieval from synthetic and natural organophosphonates as well as other sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genome of a New Halorubrum distributum Strain ICIS4 Isolated from the Culture of a Microalga Dunaliella salina","authors":"E. A. Selivanova, A. S. Balkin, Yu. A. Khlopko, V. Ya. Kataev, A. O. Plotnikov","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604426","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>The complete genome sequence of a new strain of the haloarchaeaon <i>Halorubrum distributum</i> ICIS4 was revealed and analyzed. The strain was isolated from a culture of a carotenogenic microalga <i>Dunaliella salina</i> maintained in laboratory conditions for a long period of time. The genome (3.32 Mb) contained 3236 protein-coding genes. Of the 2817 groups of homologous genes, 11 were unique to this strain. In the genome, the genes were revealed, which were responsible for utilization of glycerol and starch and for synthesis of vitamins, pigments, and siderophores. These genes may be involved in formation and maintenance of the association with microalgae. A region similar to the HRPV9 virus and another circular contig similar to a phage of the haloarchaeon <i>Haloquadratum walsbyi</i> were revealed in the genome assembly.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Adaptation in a Psychrotolerant Micromycete Mucor flavus","authors":"O. A. Danilova, E. A. Ianutsevich, G. A. Kochkina, N. V. Groza, V. M. Tereshina","doi":"10.1134/s0026261724604706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261724604706","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>To study the mechanisms of protection of the cell membranes and macromolecules from cold, the composition of osmolytes, membrane lipids, and their fatty acids in a submerged culture of <i>Mucor flavus</i> was analyzed in growth dynamics at 20 and 4°C. This micromycete is psychrotolerant, having a wide growth temperature range (from –2 to 25°C) with an optimum at 20°C. <i>Mucor flavus</i> has a high growth rate (15 mm/day at 20°C, 4 mm/day at 0°C). At both temperatures, phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylethanolamines were predominant in the composition of membrane lipids, while phosphatidylcholines were the minor components. The main difference in the composition of membrane lipids was the threefold lower share of sterols at 4°C. During growth under optimal conditions, the proportion of phosphatidic acids decreased against the background of a slight increase in the levels of sterols, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylcholines, while at 4°C the proportion of phosphatidic acids decreased slightly and the proportion of phosphatidylcholines increased. The fatty acids composition of phospholipids during growth at 20°C did not change significantly; linoleic, oleic, linolenic, and palmitic acids were predominant. At 4°C, the proportion of palmitic acid decreased and that of oleic acid increased, while the proportion of γ-linolenic acid decreased by half while that of α-linoleic acid increased. However, these changes did not lead to a significant change in the unsaturation degree of phospholipids, which varied between 1.5 and 1.6. Trehalose and glucose were the predominant osmolytes of the cytosol; glycerol was present in minor amounts only at 4°C. At both temperatures, the amount of osmolytes reached 3% of the dry weight in the course of growth, and the proportion of trehalose reached 70%. At both temperatures, a constant composition of osmolytes and slight changes in the composition of membrane lipids and their degree of unsaturation were observed, which probably contributes to the high growth rate of the fungus over a wide temperature range.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the Regulatory Region of Nitrile Hydratase Genes in Rhodococcus rhodochrous М8, a Biocatalyst for Production of Acrylic Heteropolymers","authors":"E. G. Grechishnikova, A. O. Shemyakina, A. D. Novikov, T. I. Kalinina, K. V. Lavrov, A. S. Yanenko","doi":"10.1134/s0026261724605037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261724605037","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p><i>Rhodococcus rhodochrous</i> strain М8 is a platform for development of the biotechnologies for biocatalytic production of acrylic monomers, the raw material for synthesis of acrylic heteropolymers. A genetic system for investigation of the cobalt-dependent transcription of nitrile hydratase genes in this strain was constructed, based on the reporter gene of the metal-independent acylamidase from <i>Rhodococcus qingshengii</i> TA37. The cobalt-regulated promoter was shown to be located at a significant distance (~0.5 kb) from nitrile hydratase genes. Excision of the region between the promoter and the nitrile hydratase genes decreased significantly both the promoter activity and the degree of regulation by cobalt. Our results improve the possibilities for rational design of regulated expression cassettes using the promoter of nitrile hydratase genes in <i>Rhodococcus</i>, and for further development of biocatalysts based on these bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connection between Hexuronate Metabolism and the Ability of Escherichia coli to Adhesion and Biofilm Formation","authors":"T. A. Bessonova, U. D. Kuznetsova, A. T. Magkaev, M. S. Gelfand, O. N. Ozoline, M. N. Tutukina","doi":"10.1134/s002626172460472x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002626172460472x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The formation of bacterial biofilms is an important factor of the chronic infection development, which requires the search for effective ways to prevent it. Here, it was found that hexuronates did not affect the biofilm formation by the probiotic strain <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 and its adhesive properties but reduced the efficiency of biofilm formation by the <i>E. coli</i> K-12 MG1655 strain, enhancing its adhesion to human intestinal carcinoma cells. Regulators of hexuronate metabolism, UxuR and YjjM, were shown to be involved, along with cAMP-CRP, in the control of motility, adhesion and biofilm formation of <i>E. coli</i> K-12 MG1655. In addition, untranslated RNAs encoded in the <i>uxuR</i> gene play an important role inhibiting the main sigma factor of motility.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Diversity of Historical Iron-Containing Water Sources in the Kaliningrad Region","authors":"E. E. Suprunov, I. A. Shnurova, B. E. Efimenko, V. V. Lisun","doi":"10.1134/s002626172360492x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002626172360492x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Kaliningrad region has a rich historical heritage, including several water sources with high iron content, known since the end of 19th century. They are rich in divalent iron, which is oxidized by bacterial communities. They include many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. In this paper, for the first time, the microbial communities of iron-bearing springs in the Kaliningrad region were profiled, and 6 samples were taken from four geographical locations during the study. The results of profiling revealed taxonomic groups belonging to phylum: <i>Acidobacteriota</i>, <i>Desulfobacteriota</i>, <i>Cyanobacteriia</i>, <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Nitrospirota</i>, and among the predominant groups stands out a gamma-proteobacterium of the genus <i>Gallionella</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Submicrometer Particles of Complex Metal Oxides with Photocatalytic Activity","authors":"A. Yu. Shishkin, V. F. Smirnov, I. A. Shalaginova, P. V. Kornienko, O. N. Smirnova, N. A. Anikina, A. V. Koryagin, E. V. Suleimanov","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723605067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723605067","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Antifungal activity of newly synthesized submicrometer particles of the CsTeMoO₆ complex metal oxide was studied. They were found to inhibit spore germination of active micromycete degraders of industrial materials both in the dark and under illumination. Illumination increased the fungicidal activity of the studied compounds due to their photocatalytic activity. This is the first report on production of micromycete-resistant composites of a number of polymers containing the complex metal oxides CsTeMoO₆ and RbTe_1.5W_0.5O₆. Upon addition of the studied complex oxides into the composition of the previously micromycete-sensitive materials, the latter were found to exhibit micromycete resistance both in the dark and under illumination. Treatment with light resulted in a more pronounced antifungal effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Westiellopsis tiwarii sp. nov., a New Cyanobacterium from North-East India Soils","authors":"M. Parmar, T. P. Jaiswal, S. Bhattacharjee, S. S. Singh, A. K. Mishra","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723602154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723602154","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In modern times, cyanobacterial identification, characterization, and classification have adopted a pragmatic polyphasic approach assigning equal weight to the ecological, morphological, physiological, and molecular parameters. The paucity of data on cyanobacterial diversity across unexplored regions resulted in poor taxonomic characterization of cyanobacteria. Hence, the poorly explored North-Eastern lower Himalayan region of India was targeted and a true-branched soil inhabiting cyanobacterial strain KFS2 was isolated. Along with habitat analysis, morphological and 16S-rRNA gene-based molecular characterization of the isolated strain have been performed. The complex cellular morphology, uni-seriate to multi-seriate main filaments and branches, along with the 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny indicated affiliation of this strain with the genus <i>Westiellopsis.</i> Furthermore, the strain KFS2 showed unique morphological features such as the multi-seriate base of lateral branches, the presence of both intercalary and terminal heterocytes in the main filaments along with the intercalary position of heterocytes in the lateral branches, and was found to form a separate node with the <i>Westiellopsis</i> clade having strong bootstrap support in the 16S-rRNA gene-based phylogeny. Moreover, comparative analysis of folded secondary structures of D1-D1' and box-B in the 16S-23S ITS region of the strain also exhibited striking differences with other members of the genus. Considering all the unique morphological and molecular characteristics of the strain KFS2, it was suggested to represent a new species of the genus <i>Westiellopsis</i>, with the name <i>Westiellopsis tiwarii</i> being proposed in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature of algae, fungi, and plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatic and Functional Analysis of the pSID Siderophore Biosynthesis Plasmid of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans 5Ap","authors":"M. I. Mandryk, A. A. Vysotskaya, Yu. V. Yahorava, D. U. Surzhyk, A. Yu. Larchenka, S. L. Vasylenko","doi":"10.1134/s0026261724604603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261724604603","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Complete genome sequencing of <i>R. pyridinivorans</i> strain 5Ap revealed the pSID plasmid (CP063453.1) 250 428 bp in size. The gene responsible for replication of this plasmid is, most probably, <i>dnaB</i>. The genes which may be involved in the replication (<i>dnaB, ssb</i>) and plasmid separation after replication (<i>parA</i>) showed the highest similarity to the determinants located on large (224‒343 kb) plasmids of rhodococci: unnamed1 of <i>R. pyridinivorans</i> YF3, unnamed1 of <i>R. rhodochrous</i> LH-B3, pRJH1 of <i>R. pyridinivorans</i> YC-JH2, pRDE01 of <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp. RDE2, and pRho-VOC14-C342 of <i>R. opacus</i> VOC-14. The pSID plasmid was found to contain two loci responsible for the synthesis of secondary metabolites, one of them determining the synthesis of a polyketide compound (similar sequences have been revealed on plasmids of other rhodococci) and the other one probably determines the synthesis of a siderophore: the genes for biosynthesis of this compound (<i>sid1–5</i>) exhibited the highest similarity (not exceeding 75%) with the sequences from <i>Streptomyces vilmorinianum</i> YP1 (CP040244.1), <i>S. ficellus</i> NRRL 8067 (CP034279.1), <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. NBC00162 (CP102509.1), and some other streptomycetes, while showing no similarity to the known siderophore biosynthesis genes of rhodococci. The locus of the pSID plasmid responsible for the siderophore synthesis had a unique organization, since transcription of the <i>sid5</i> (<i>iucC</i>) gene occurs in the opposite direction, while in other bacteria it belongs to an operon and is located at one of its termini. Inactivation of the <i>sid1</i> gene was found to result in decreased antagonistic activity of <i>R. pyridinivorans</i> 5Ap against plant-pathogenic bacteria <i>P. carotovorum</i> 2.18, lower resistance to iron and cadmium ions and arsenate, as well as in emergence of phytotoxic properties against radish, while wild-type bacteria exhibit plant growth-promoting activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Bacteriophage Pseudomonas Phage Ka1 from a Tributary Stream of Lake Baikal","authors":"M. S. Fedorova, A. E. Gatina, V. N. Ilyina, L. L. Yadykova, V. V. Drukker, A. S. Gorshkova, A. R. Kayumov, E. Y. Trizna","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604906","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The bacteriophage <i>Pseudomonas</i> phage Ka1 was isolated from the water of a tributary stream of Lake Baikal, in the area of discharge of treated wastewater of the city of Slyudyanka. The bacteriophage genome contains 46 092 bp and has a 50% G+C pairs (AN OP455935.1). It exhibits 91% identity with the <i>Pseudomonas</i> phage PSA37 genome, belonging to <i>Bruynoghevirus</i> from the class <i>Caudoviricetes</i> suggesting that Ka1 is a new representative of Luz24-like phages (<i>Bruynoghevirus</i>). The bacteriophage lyzes 62% of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> clinical isolates and increases the efficiency of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem and meropenem by 4–8-fold against these bacteria. Integrases, transposases and recombinases have not been identified in the genome of the bacteriophage <i>Pseudomonas</i> phage Ka1; which allows using it in the complex therapy of infections caused by <i>P. aeruginosa.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}