Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Post-Exercise Cooling Lowers Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Perfusion and Blunts Amino Acid Incorporation into Muscle Tissue in Active Young Adults.","authors":"Milan W Betz,Cas J Fuchs,Finlay Chedd,Alejandra P Monsegue,Floris K Hendriks,Janneau M X van Kranenburg,Joy Goessens,Alfons J H M Houben,Lex B Verdijk,Luc J C van Loon,Tim Snijders","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003723","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSECold-water immersion lowers muscle protein synthesis rates during post-exercise recovery. Whether this effect can be explained by lower muscle microvascular perfusion and a subsequent decline in post-prandial amino acid incorporation into muscle tissue following cooling is currently unknown.METHODSTwelve young males (24 ± 4 y) performed a single resistance exercise session followed by water immersion for 20 min with one leg immersed in cold water (8 °C: COLD) and the contralateral leg in thermoneutral water (30 °C: CON). After immersion, a beverage was ingested containing 20 g free amino acids, 0.25 g L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine, and 45 g carbohydrates. Microvascular perfusion of the vastus lateralis muscle was assessed for both legs using contrast-enhanced ultrasound at rest, immediately following exercise and water immersion, and at t = 60 and t = 180 min following beverage ingestion. A muscle biopsy sample (vastus lateralis) was collected from both legs (t = 240 min) to determine amino acid tracer incorporation.RESULTSMicrovascular blood volume was significantly lower in the COLD vs CON leg immediately following water immersion (1.24 ± 0.82 vs 3.13 ± 1.64 video intensity, respectively, P < 0.001) and remained lower at t = 60 and t = 180 min following beverage ingestion (0.90 ± 0.84 vs 1.53 ± 0.98, and 2.10 ± 2.53 vs 2.77 ± 2.81 video intensity, respectively, both P < 0.05). Exogenous amino acid incorporation into muscle protein was lower in the COLD vs CON leg (0.011 ± 0.004 vs 0.016 ± 0.005 mole percent excess, respectively, P < 0.001). The difference in post-prandial amino acid incorporation into muscle protein between the COLD and CON leg was strongly associated with the difference in microvascular blood volume between the two legs during recovery (r = 0.65, P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSCold-water immersion during post-exercise recovery greatly reduces muscle microvascular perfusion and blunts post-prandial amino acid incorporation in muscle.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Daily Life Spontaneous and Structured Physical Activity on Glycemia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Angéline Melin,Elodie Lespagnol,Sémah Tagougui,Julie Dereumetz,Pierre Morel,Serge Berthoin,Cassandra Parent,Alexis Coquart,Chantal Stuckens,Christine Lefevre,Georges Baquet,Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret,Elsa Heyman","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003720","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESIn type 1 diabetes, glycemia management is rendered complex through the confounding influence of spontaneous physical activity (PA), particularly frequent in children. We aim to understand the glycemic effects of self-reported PA and cumulative spontaneous PA in their everyday life, controlling for carbohydrate intake and insulin.METHODSIn this 7-day observational study, 45 children/adolescents (21 females, 11‧7 ± 3‧4 years) wore a continuous glucose monitoring system and accelerometer, completing diaries about PA, diet, insulin. Types of PA included (i) self-reported PA and its characteristics (duration, subjective intensity) and conditions (previous sessions, timing and pre-exercise carbohydrate intake, insulin-on-board, glycemia), (ii) spontaneous cumulative PA (accelerometry) adjusted for sedentary time. Linear mixed models were used with results expressed as the estimated coefficient 'e'. In cases of skewed continuous dependent outcomes containing a preponderance of zero % values, random-intercept binary logistic regressions were used with results expressed as odds ratios (OR).RESULTSAccumulating moderate-to-vigorous PA during the late afternoon (e = -0‧32, P = 0‧039) was associated with decreased concomitant time spent >13‧9 mmol.L-1. Time spent >10‧0 mmol.L-1 during self-reported PA was lower when children consumed less high-glycemic-index carbohydrates the previous hour (e = +0‧49, P = 0‧034; albeit found only in one model out of two) or were physically active before the session (tendency: e = -11‧58, P < 0‧07). PA conditions were not significantly associated with hypoglycemia. Risk of spending some time < 3‧9 mmol.L-1 during sessions was higher in the case of longer PA duration (OR = 1‧02, P = 0‧008). Risk of nocturnal time < 3‧0 mmol.L-1 was greater when children performed longer duration structured PA (OR = 1‧02, P = 0‧054) or accumulated more afternoon vigorous-intensity PA (OR = 1‧06, P = 0‧04).CONCLUSIONSIncreasing spontaneous active behavior during the late afternoon could help reduce day-time spent >13‧9 mmol.L-1. There is a possibility that hyperglycemia during exercise could be limited by multiplying daily PA sessions or avoiding excessive pre-exercise carbohydrate intake. However, as only sessions characteristics, especially duration, predicted time < 3‧9 mmol.L-1 during PA and < 3‧0 mmol.L-1 the following night, simplified guidelines (not considering PA conditions) on hypoglycemic risk could be developed.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Carbohydrates Influence the Performance Outcomes of Short-Term Heat Acclimation.","authors":"Paul Rosbrook,David P Looney,Lee M Margolis,Sofia Perez Yudin,David Hostler,Riana R Pryor,J Luke Pryor","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003726","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEStudies on heat acclimation (HA) involving high-intensity exercise report impairments in time trial (TT) performance in the heat immediately after HA. This study aimed to determine whether a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet can enhance 3.22 km run TT performance in the heat following exercise-intensive short-term HA.METHODSFourteen healthy military-age males were assigned to either a HC diet (70 %kcal carbohydrate (CHO), n = 7) or lower CHO comparison (COMP, 35 %kcal CHO, n = 7) to be consumed during and for one week after a 6-day HA protocol.RESULTSBaseline descriptive statistics, heat tolerance, and run performance were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Both groups acclimated, showing reduced heart rate, rectal and skin temperature, and increased sweat rate (each p ≤ 0.03) during heat stress testing one day and five days after HA. The HC group demonstrated a faster TT (959 ± 103 sec vs. 1067 ± 172, p = 0.02, g = 0.71) than COMP one day post-HA. HC showed improved TT performance from baseline at one day (p = 0.01, g = 0.59) and five days post-HA (p = 0.04, g = 0.59). The HC group showed greater TT improvement at one day (-7.0 ± 4.9 % vs. -0.7 ± 4.7 %, p = 0.03, g = 1.23) and five days post-HA (-8.4 ± 4.9 % vs. -2.8 ± 3.9 %, p = 0.01, g = 1.18), with no group differences in HA outcomes or relative strain during TT.CONCLUSIONSInsufficient CHO intake during heavy daily exertion in unacclimated heat stress, such as in short-term HA, may affect post-HA performance outcomes unless addressed with additional CHO consumption.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Without Fail: Muscular Adaptations in Single Set Resistance Training Performed to Failure or with Repetitions-in-Reserve.","authors":"Thomas Hermann,Adam E Mohan,Alysson Enes,Max Sapuppo,Alec Piñero,Arman Zamanzadeh,Michael Roberts,Max Coleman,Patroklos Androulakis Korakakis,Milo Wolf,Martin Refalo,Paul A Swinton,Brad J Schoenfeld","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003728","url":null,"abstract":"METHODSForty-two young, resistance-trained men and women were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 parallel groups: A group that trained to failure on all exercises (FAIL) or a submaximal effort group (2-RIR) that trained with two repetitions in reserve for the same exercises. Participants performed a single set of 9 exercises targeting all major muscle groups per session, twice weekly for 8 weeks. We assessed pre-post study changes in muscle thickness for the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and quadriceps femoris, along with measures of muscular strength, power, endurance, and ability to estimate RIR in the bench press and squat.RESULTSResults indicated that both FAIL and 2-RIR elicited appreciable gains in most of the assessed outcomes. Several measures of hypertrophy tended to favor FAIL, although absolute differences between conditions were generally modest. Increases in countermovement jump height favored FAIL, but with no clear statistical support for either the null or alternative hypothesis. Increases in strength and local muscular endurance were similar between conditions. Participants demonstrated greater accuracy in estimating RIR for the bench press compared to the squat and improved their accuracy over the intervention, particularly for the bench press.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that single-set routines can be a time-efficient strategy for promoting muscular adaptations in resistance-trained individuals, even when transitioning from higher-volume programs. Training to failure in single-set routines may modestly enhance some measures of muscle hypertrophy and power, but not strength or local muscle endurance.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rest Activity Rhythms and their Association with Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Walking Energetics in Older Adults: Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging.","authors":"Melissa L Erickson,Terri L Blackwell,Reagan E Garcia,Theresa Mau,Peggy M Cawthon,Steven R Cummings,Samaneh Farsijani,Lauren M Sparks,John Noone,Nancy W Glynn,Anne B Newman,Karyn A Esser","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003730","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEIt is recognized that disruptions in circadian behavior, such as with shift work or jet lag, are associated with diminished health. This known relationship implies that people with stronger indices of circadian behavior will exhibit improved physiology. To address the association between rhythmic activity behavior and physiology we proposed that metrics indicative of 'more rhythmic' rest-activity patterns would be associated with better cardiorespiratory fitness and walking energetics in a cohort of older adults.METHODSUsing baseline data from the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (N = 799, Age: 76 ± 5 yrs, 58% female), we quantified metrics describing rhythmic aspects of rest-activity behavior (amplitude, robustness, time of peak activity, others) from continuous wrist-worn accelerometry. We used linear models to examine cross-sectional associations between rhythmic metrics with VO2peak and walking energetics (cost-capacity ratio at slow and preferred walking speeds) adjusted for age, sex, race, height, health conditions, and other factors.RESULTSMetrics that reflect more rhythmic behavior were associated with VO2peak (higher amplitude: Q1: 18.4 vs. Q4: 22.0 mL·kg-1·min-1; p-trend <0.001, higher pseudo F-statistic/robustness Q1: 19.2 vs. Q4: 21.3 mL·kg-1·min-1; p-trend <0.001, and earlier time of peak activity (Q1 (earliest): 20.9 vs. Q4 (latest): 19.2 mL·kg-1·min-1; p-trend <0.001). Similar trends were observed with lower cost-capacity ratio at preferred and slow walking speeds (amplitude, pseudo F-statistic, acrophase: p-trend <0.001 for all).CONCLUSIONSMore rhythmic activity behavior and earlier time of peak activity were associated with better cardiorespiratory fitness and walking energetics. These findings support the framework that rhythmic activity supports healthy physiology. Further investigations are warranted to determine if declines in rhythmicity of human behavior are predictive of disease.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetics of Underwater Swimming in Apnea.","authors":"Giovanni Vinetti,Anna Taboni,Nazzareno Fagoni,Enrico Tam,Carsten Lundby,Guido Ferretti","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003731","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEDynamic apnea with fins (DYN) involves swimming the longest distance relying solely on the body's oxygen and anaerobic energy stores. The energy cost per unit distance (C) is therefore an important determinant of DYN performance, yet it has never been measured. This study aimed to assess the C of DYN and its aerobic (EO2), anaerobic lactic (ELa) and alactic (EPCr) energy contributions.METHODSIn a 50-m swimming pool, 22 freedivers (three female, ten using bi-fins, six the monofin, six both) performed a 50-m DYN, and seven also a 100-m DYN. Net C (above resting) was calculated from the O2 debt measured at emersion plus ELa (calculated from the blood lactate increase). In nine subjects (six of whom performed also the 100-m DYN), determination of hemoglobin mass and total lung capacity allowed the estimation of EO2 and, by subtraction, EPCr.RESULTSC was unchanged between the 100-m and the 50-m DYN (p = 0.81) and resulted higher with bi-fins than with the monofin (7.4 ± 2.2 vs. 5.5 ± 1.6 J/kg/m, p = 0.02) due to a higher O2 debt and ELa. DYN personal best correlated better with the distance swum per unit of EO2 at 50 m (R2 = 0.70) than with C (R2 = 0.25). From 50 m to 100 m, fractional EO2 decreased (58% ± 19% to 47% ± 13%, p = 0.02), ELa increased (10% ± 5% to 21% ± 5%, p < 0.001) and EPCr was unchanged (31% ± 20% to 32% ± 15%, p = 0.83).CONCLUSIONSThe C of DYN seems compatible with published values for surface swimming with fins at the same speed. At 100 m, ELa and EPCr were disproportionately high for the exercise intensity, possibly due to a diving response. Sparing EO2 is at least as important as C in determining DYN performance.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Maximal Military Occupational Task Performance from Physical Fitness Tests using Machine Learning.","authors":"Ayden McCarthy,Jodie Anne Wills,Joel Thomas Fuller,Steve Cassidy,Brad C Nindl,Tim L A Doyle","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003727","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Optimal performance in military tasks is crucial for operation success. These tasks are often simulated in training, assessing personnel performance within a military environment. However, these assessments are time-consuming and an injury risk. Physical characteristics such as muscular strength, power, aerobic endurance, and circumferences can be used to predict these dynamic and demanding tasks. Utilising machine learning models to predict assessment outcomes may lead to optimised management of personnel, time, and interventions in the military. Methods: This study recruited 35 participants to complete two physical sessions assessing multiple physical characteristics and lift-to-place and jerry-can-carry assessments. Machine learning models were developed to predict assessment outcomes based on a down-selection of physical characteristics metrics. Root mean square error (RMSE), normalised root mean square error (NRMSE), and coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CVRMSE) were used to evaluate the models' predictive capabilities. Results: The Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Ridge Models could predict the lift-to-place outcome to a RMSE of ±1.77 kg (NRMSE = 4.44%; CVRMSE = 0.18) and ± 2.33 kg (NRMSE = 5.84%; CVRMSE = 0.24) with four and three physical tests, respectively. The Multi-Layer Preceptor and SVR models predicted the jerry-can-carry outcome to ±3.36 laps (NRMSE = 23.06%; CVRMSE = 0.39) and ± 3.67 laps (NRMSE = 25.20%; CVRMSE = 0.42) with twelve and eight physical tests, respectively. Conclusions: The lift-to-place outcome can be accurately predicted, showing potential military implementation. The jerry-can-carry outcome shows promise; however, further model optimisation and training metrics are required to reduce error. Machine learning models demonstrate their applicability to optimise occupational selection pathways and training interventions for desirable performance in military settings.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ibuprofen on Markers of Acute Kidney Injury, Intestinal Injury, and Endotoxemia after Running in the Heat.","authors":"Jonathan W Specht,Alyssa R Bailly,Serena Garcia,Steven Klepacz,Suzana Andrade De Oliveira,David Lucero,Zachary J McKenna,Zachary J Schlader,Fabiano T Amorim","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003659","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo test the hypothesis that ibuprofen ingestion exacerbates markers of acute kidney injury (AKI), gastrointestinal (GI) injury, and endotoxemia after running in the heat.METHODSUsing a randomized double-blind crossover design, eleven physically active individuals (six women) ingested 600 mg of ibuprofen or placebo 12- and one-hour prior to running one-hour in a heated chamber (35 °C, 20%-60% R.H.) at an intensity of 60% V̇O2peak. Blood and urine samples were collected pre-, post-, and one-hour post-exercise to assess cytokines and markers of AKI, GI injury, and endotoxemia.RESULTSOne hour of running in the heat increased markers of AKI (urinary product of IGFBP7•TIMP2 [Placebo: ∆ 1.8 ± 0.8 log10(ng/ml)2/1000, Ibuprofen: ∆ 1.8 ± 0.9 log10(ng/ml)2/1000], urinary NGAL, and serum cystatin C), GI damage (I-FABP [Placebo: ∆ 631 ± 446 pg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 576 ± 455 pg/ml]), and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα [Placebo: ∆ 5.2 ± 3.5 pg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 6.2 ± 4.9 pg/ml], IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1), but these changes were not exacerbated by ibuprofen ingestion. There were effects of time (p < 0.001) and condition (p = 0.03) for serum IL-8, with greater concentrations in the ibuprofen (pre: 11.4 ± 5.1 pg/mL, post: 15.5 ± 7.3 pg/ml) trials than placebo (pre: 9.7 ± 4.2 pg/mL, post: 11.7 ± 5.4 pg/mL). There were no effects of time or condition on markers of endotoxemia (LBP [Placebo: ∆ -1.2 ± 3.2 μg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 1.0 ± 1.6 μg/ml], sCD14).CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that ibuprofen ingestion does not worsen intestinal or renal injury experienced during one hour of exercise in the heat, but increases pro-inflammatory IL-8.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Benefits of Open-Skill Sports in Childhood: Evidence from the ABCD Study.","authors":"Chia-Hao Shih,Michaela Broadnax,James Eckner,Philip Veliz,Eleanna Varangis","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003655","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSports participation in childhood is known to benefit physical health, but its impact on cognitive development, particularly comparing open-skill and closed-skill sports, is less understood.METHODSThis study analyzed baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, comprising 11,869 children aged 9-10 years. Participants were categorized into open-skill sports group (OSG), closed-skill sports group (CSG), and non-sport group (NSG). Cognitive performance was assessed using seven tasks from the NIH Toolbox, covering executive function, processing speed, and language domains. Group differences were examined using ANCOVA, controlling for sex, race, parental education, income, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), body mass index (BMI), and total time spent in activities.RESULTSIn the final analytical sample of 9,898 ABCD participants, the OSG outperformed both the CSG and NSG on executive function tasks, including the Flanker task (p < .01) and List Sorting Working Memory task (p < .01). No significant group differences were found on tasks assessing processing speed, or language domains.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that participation in open-skill sports may be associated with enhanced cognitive performance in childhood, particularly in executive function and working memory. These results support the idea that dynamic and cognitively demanding activities could play a role in cognitive development during key developmental periods.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Warm-Water Immersion for Improving Whole-Body Heat Loss in Older Men.","authors":"Kristina-Marie T Janetos,Fergus K O'Connor,Robert D Meade,Brodie J Richards,Nick J Koetje,Nathalie V Kirby,James J McCormick,Andreas D Flouris,Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003649","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEExercise-induced heat acclimation can mitigate age-related reductions in heat-loss capacity, though performing repeated bouts of strenuous exercise in the heat may be untenable for many older adults. While short-term passive heat acclimation (e.g., ≤7 days of warm-water immersion) enhances whole-body heat loss in young adults, evidence of its efficacy in older adults is lacking. Thus, we examined whether 7-days warm-water immersion would improve whole-body heat loss in older adults.METHODSTwelve habitually active older men (median [IQR] age: 68 [64-73] years; peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak): 34.1 [29.4-36.1] mLO2·kg-1·min-1) completed 7 consecutive days of ~90-minutes warm-water immersion (~40 °C) with core (rectal) temperature clamped at ~38.5 °C for the final 60 minutes. Before and after the warm-water immersion intervention, whole-body total (evaporative + dry) heat loss was measured via direct calorimetry during three, 30-minute bouts of cycling at increasing fixed rates of metabolic heat production (150, 200, 250 W·m-2), each separated by 15-minutes rest, in a hot-dry environment (40 °C, ~13% relative humidity). Rectal temperature and heart rate were measured continuously.RESULTSFollowing 7 days of warm-water immersion, whole-body total heat loss was elevated by 23 [95% confidence interval: 14, 31] W·m-2 across exercise bouts (acclimation-effect: P < 0.001; interaction: P = 0.598). This was paralleled by reductions in core temperature and heart rate of 0.3 [0.2, 0.4] °C and 11 [8, 14] beats·min-1 (both, acclimation-effect: P < 0.001; interaction: P = 0.288), respectively.CONCLUSIONSSeven consecutive days of warm-water immersion improved whole-body heat loss and reduced core temperature and cardiovascular strain across light-to-vigorous intensity exercise in habitually active older men. Passive heat acclimation may be an efficacious alternative to exercise-heat acclimation to improve heat-loss capacity. Studies are warranted to assess effectiveness in more heat-vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}