Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Exercise Heart Rate Variability Suggests Parasympathetic Hyperactivity during Simulated Military Operations Irrespective of Testosterone Administration.","authors":"Adam C Lowe,Alexandra Niclou,Alyssa N Varanoske,Melissa N Harris,Callie Hebert,Neil M Johannsen,Steven B Heymsfield,Frank L Greenway,Lee M Margolis,Harris R Lieberman,Robbie A Beyl,Arny A Ferrando,Stefan M Pasiakos,Jennifer C Rood","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003743","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONHeart rate variability (HRV), typically measured at rest, is a measure of autonomic balance sensitive to physical and psychological stress. Testosterone supplementation during multi-stressor military operations may maintain exercise HRV by preventing a decrease in cardiac autonomic tone. The purpose of this study was to assess exercise HRV as a marker of physiological and psychological stress and determine if testosterone administration maintains HRV during extended simulated military operations.METHODSThirty-two physically active males were enrolled in this parallel arm, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants were randomized to receive a single injection of testosterone undecanoate (TEST, n = 16) or an isovolumetric placebo (PLA, n = 16) and completed 20 days of simulated operations cycles comprised of low-stress and high-stress days. Simulated operations were comprised of 4 cycles of 2 low-stress days (LS, ~1,000 kcals of exercise-induced energy expenditure [EIEE] and 8 hours of sleep) and 3 high-stress days (HS, ~3,000 kcals EIEE, 4 hours of sleep). Heart rate was collected during daily load carriage (~30% of body weight) exercise between 0500-0800 h. Short-term exercise HRV during this load carriage exercise was assessed through standard deviation of normal-to-normal beats (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences between normal heart beats (RMSSD), low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) heartbeat sequences, and the ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF).RESULTSSDNN and RMSSD increased from the first to the last LS day (p = 0.018, p = 0.003; respectively) and from the first to the last HS day (p = 0.006, p < 0.001; respectively). LF and HF also increased from the first to the last LS day (p = 0.027, p = 0.028; respectively) and from the first to the last HS day (p = 0.004, p = 0.002; respectively), while LF/HF was unchanged across these timepoints (p = 0.800, p = 0.643; respectively). TEST showed higher LF/HF ratio on LS days (p = 0.006) and HS days (p < 0.001) compared to PLA.DISCUSSIONExercise HRV metrics suggested parasympathetic hyperactivity despite concomitant increases in stress across the extended simulated military operations. A single dose of testosterone undecanoate does not appear to negatively affect the autonomic response to high stress in young health physically active males.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Risk-Assessment Tool for Energy Deficiency in Young Active Females: The Female Energy Deficiency Questionnaire (FED-Q).","authors":"Ana Carla C Salamunes,Nancy I Williams,Marion Olmsted,Kristen J Koltun,Prabhani Kuruppumullage Don,Mary Jane De Souza","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003742","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEWe aimed to develop and validate a risk-assessment tool for energy deficiency in young exercising women using disordered eating subscales and self-reported health-related information.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 7 studies in competitive and recreationally active women [n = 202, age 21.7 ± 0.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 21.21 ± 0.14 kg/m2, (mean ± SEM)]. Participants completed the Health, Exercise and Nutrition Survey (HENS), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3). Energy deficiency was defined as fasting serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) <73.2 ng/dL. A cut-off of TT3 < 80 ng/dL was also tested. Potential predictors of energy deficiency were: age of menarche, gynecological age, disordered eating, menstrual status, and bone health items (HENS); dietary cognitive restraint (TFEQ); and Perfectionism, Body Dissatisfaction, and Drive for Thinness (EDI-3). A model set (n = 152; 21.8 ± 0.3 years, 21.23 ± 0.16 kg/m2) was used to select predictors, identify interaction terms, and fit 500 random iterations of stepwise logistic regression. Predictors included in ≥450 models were used in a final model and tested on a validation set (n = 50; 21.6 ± 0.4 years, 21.15 ± 0.3 kg/m2).RESULTSThe final model included BMI; number of menstrual cycles in the last 6 months, dietary cognitive restraint, and body dissatisfaction index. The FED-Q coefficient detected TT3 < 73.2 ng/dL with 84.2% sensitivity, 80.6% specificity, and 82% accuracy, and TT3 < 80 ng/dL with 85% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, and 84% accuracy.CONCLUSIONSAt present, the Female Energy Deficiency Questionnaire is the only questionnaire that is specifically designed as an indicator of energy deficiency in female athletes across a variety of sports.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the Cycling Hour Record: Is There Still Room for Altitude?","authors":"Giovanni Vinetti","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Effects of Compression Garments on Muscle Protein Synthesis Markers, Blood Flow, Performance, and Perceived Recovery after Resistance Exercise.","authors":"Alana J Leabeater,James R Broatch,Matthew W Driller,Lachlan P James,Melpomeni Malamouli,Shona L Halson,David J Bishop,Andrew Garnham,Shane F O'Riordan","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003741","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION/PURPOSECompression garments are a commonly used recovery aid following resistance exercise, which may improve muscle blood flow and perceived recovery. However, there has been limited insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms that may mediate the physiological effects of compression garments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of compression tights on markers of muscle protein synthesis, muscle blood flow, and indices of recovery following a bout of resistance exercise.METHODSTwenty resistance-trained participants (5 females, 15 males) completed a leg-press exercise session followed by a 5-h recovery period wearing either commercially available compression tights (COMP, n = 10) or no tights (CON, n = 10). Physiological (markers of muscle protein synthesis, muscle blood flow, blood lactate, blood glucose), perceptual (total quality of recovery, perceived muscle soreness and subjective wellbeing), and performance measures (countermovement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull) were collected at baseline, immediately post-exercise (performance and perceptual only), and at 1-h (physiological and perceptual only), 5-h and 24-h post-exercise.RESULTSNo significant (p < 0.05) interactions were observed between groups in physiological, performance, and perceptual measures. There were main effects of time for post-exercise measures compared to baseline (p < 0.05), with increased markers of muscle protein synthesis, muscle blood flow, blood lactate, muscle soreness, and reduced blood glucose, total quality of recovery, subjective wellbeing, and countermovement jump height for both groups.CONCLUSIONSCommercially available compression tights used post-resistance exercise did not influence muscle protein synthesis markers, muscle blood flow or indices of exercise recovery following resistance exercise in the current study.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of Cold Strain and Physical Performance Decrements during Submaximal Exercise in Cold Environments with Brief Rewarming.","authors":"Brandon M Roberts,Christopher L Chapman,Erica A Schafer,Danielle M Arcidiacono,John W Castellani,Karl E Friedl,Adam W Potter,David P Looney","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003735","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDCold exposure impairs physical performance, with the severity of degradation depending on the degree of cold strain. Thresholds for impairment and non-invasive biomarkers to identify changes have yet to be identified. Therefore, this study examines the effects of cold exposure on physical performance, thermoregulation, salivary biomarkers, and the effects of a short-period of rewarming.METHODS14 recreationally active participants (3F, 11 M), aged 18-44 years, completed a randomized, crossover study involving three experimental conditions: 20, 10, and 0 °C. For each condition, participants completed four 20-minute treadmill walks with physical performance tests, and a 10-minute rewarming period followed by another physical performance test in the respective condition. Physical performance was assessed via the Complete Minnesota Dexterity Test (CMDT), dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength (HGS) between the walks and after rewarming. Thermal discomfort, thermal sensation, body core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (Tsk), and salivary biomarkers (alpha-amylase, cortisol) were measured throughout the study.RESULTSExposure to 0 °C caused reductions in skin temperatures, with peak reductions in the forearm (-10.51 ± 0.57 °C, p < 0.001) and fourth-finger skin temperatures (-11.60 ± 0.80 °C, p < 0.001). Declines were also found at 10 °C, with peak reductions in forearm (-6.69 ± 0.56 °C, p < 0.001) and fourth-finger skin temperatures (-8.56 ± 0.81 °C, p < 0.001), while no changes occurred at 20 °C. Thermal discomfort and thermal sensation were lowest at 0 °C. Dexterity and HGS significantly declined during 0 °C and 10 °C exposures, with reductions most severe at 0 °C, and no declines at 20 °C. Salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol were not different across environmental conditions or time. Rewarming for 10-minutes at 22 °C improved HGS, CMDT, and thermal discomfort by 30-50%.CONCLUSIONSCold exposure at 0 °C and 10 °C impairs performance and a 10-minute period of rewarming at 23 °C partially restored performance. Potential salivary biomarkers were not strong predictors of impaired performance.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering Exercise Selection with EMG: Poor Agreement between Ranking Hip Exercises with Gluteal EMG and Muscle Force.","authors":"Tyler J Collings,Matthew N Bourne,Rod S Barrett,Evy Meinders,Basílio Gonçalves,Anthony Shield,Laura E Diamond","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003733","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEElectromyography (EMG) is commonly used to inform exercise selection for injury prevention and rehabilitation. However, mechanical tension is more important for driving adaptation than muscle activation alone. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of ranking hip-focused exercises based on the magnitude of gluteal surface EMG compared to estimates of muscle forces and the implications for exercise selection.METHODSFourteen healthy female footballers (18-30 years old) performed eight hip-focused exercises using body weight and 12-repetition maximum loads. Full body kinematics, ground reaction forces, and surface EMG from 12 lower limb muscles were recorded and used as inputs to a neuromusculoskeletal model to estimate gluteal muscle forces. Normalized EMG and normalized muscle force rankings were compared using Spearman's correlations and the linear relationship between normalized EMG and muscle force was compared using linear mixed effects models.RESULTSThere was a weak relationship between exercise rankings based on EMG and muscle forces (Spearman's ρ = 0.29-0.51). Peak EMG amplitude alone explained 5% of gluteus maximus peak muscle force (R2 = 0.05) and 19% of gluteus medius peak muscle force (R2 = 0.19). However, when accounting for exercise and participant sources of variation, peak EMG amplitude explained 80-85% of gluteus maximus and medius peak normalized muscle force.CONCLUSIONSRanking gluteal resistance exercises by EMG amplitude resulted in a different order to ranking exercises by estimated muscle forces. For exercise selection, EMG may only be useful when comparing within an individual and between biomechanically similar exercises. Caution is warranted when basing exercise selection on gluteal EMG amplitude alone.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Therapy in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Focused on Muscle Strength, Redox Balance, and Inflammatory Profile.","authors":"Hugo de Luca Corrêa,Thiago Dos Santos Rosa,Raquel Silva Marques,Edilson Francisco Nascimento,Waneli Cristine Morais Sampaio,Alessandra Melo Araújo Gomes,Renata Figueiredo Cotta,Thamyres Fereira da Silva,Mariana Guimarães Souza de Oliveira,Rafael Dos Santos Lavarini,Thaís Lucena Reis,Lucas Soares de Aguiar,Thiago Lucena Reis,Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves,Gislane Ferrreira Melo,Lysleine Alves Deus,Andrea Lucena Reis","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003739","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThis study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of exercise therapy on muscle strength, redox balance, and inflammatory profile in individuals with Down Syndrome.DESIGNSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data SourcesCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, and PEDro.Eligibility Criteria for Selecting StudiesRandomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials exploring exercise therapy effects on muscle strength and redox balance in individuals with Down Syndrome. While no initial restrictions on age, gender, or health condition were applied during the search process, all included studies focused on adult participants (>18 years old). No language restrictions were applied, and the search covered the period from 1970 to 2021.RESULTSWe assessed the abstract of 1964 studies. Of the 46 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the period 2004-2021, 32 focused on muscle strength, and 14 examined redox balance and inflammation. A total of 1611 participants with a mean age of 27 years were included. This review confirmed that different exercise modalities are prone to improve muscle strength (random effect [95%CI]: 0.66, 0.54 - 0.78), redox balance and inflammatory profile (random effect [95%CI]: -1.04, -1.31 - -0.76) in this population. The multi-model inference suggested that the frequency of training (times per week) might play a significant role in the main effect. Unsupervised machine learning algorithms displayed a pattern-based graphic representation to assess heterogeneity.CONCLUSIONSExercise training demonstrated a positive impact on muscle strength in adults with Down Syndrome. The review provides valuable insights into the effects of exercise therapy on individuals with Down Syndrome, emphasizing the need for tailored training prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal Data Elements for Surveillance and Reporting Of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL) International Consensus Statement.","authors":"Garrett S Bullock,Joanne L Fallowfield,Sarah J de la Motte,Nigel Arden,Ben Fisher,Adam Dooley,Neil Forrest,John J Fraser,Alysia Gourlay,Ben R Hando,Katherine Harrison,Debra Hayhurst,Joseph M Molloy,Phillip M Newman,Eric Robitaille,Deydre S Teyhen,Jeffrey M Tiede,Emma Williams,Sandra Williams,Damien Van Tiggelen,Joshua J VanWyngaarden,Richard B Westrick,Carolyn A Emery,Gary S Collins,Daniel I Rhon,","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003737","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONA systematic approach to collecting and reporting injury data in military settings is necessary to maximize the impact of musculoskeletal injury-related research. An international consensus on recommended core data set of elements to capture and report is necessary. The purpose was to summarize the process and results from an international consensus study to establish recommended common minimum data elements for surveillance and Reporting Of Musculoskeletal injuries in the MILitary (ROMMIL).METHODSA ten-step hybrid consensus process was performed. Knowledge users were embedded in the process for co-creation of pertinent questions, data elements, and voting. Evidence synthesis included a scoping review on the barriers and facilitators to implementing injury prevention programs, followed by a knowledge user survey. A sequential three round Delphi study refined and validated the final elements in the recommendation checklist. Consensus recommendations were presented to an international audience of stakeholders. Participants voted on each statement with 0 representing no importance, 5 somewhat important, and 10 maximum importance.RESULTSThe consensus recommendation includes one data principle of keeping continuous data continuous and 33 minimum data elements. Data elements include demographics, lifestyle, service branch, musculoskeletal/surgical history, exposure, and injury characteristics. The data principle endorsed by knowledge users recommends that continuous variables (e.g. age, weight, exposure) remain continuous and not categorized into groups. Dissenting viewpoints are detailed to provide fair and balanced consensus recommendations.CONCLUSIONSThe ROMMIL checklist could be leveraged by clinicians, researchers and knowledge users working in miliary settings when comparing and harmonizing data across studies, service branches, and countries. The ROMMIL checklist will support improved data synthesis to better inform evidence-based practice in military medicine, and the ability to generate more useful prognostic models to quantify injury risk.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Movement Preparation under Hyperthermic Conditions: Self-Initiated vs. Externally-Cued Movements.","authors":"Manabu Shibasaki,Hiroki Nakata,Shigehiko Ogoh","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003740","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONExcessive increases in body temperature impair voluntary force production and neuromuscular function, but the underlying central mechanisms remain unclear.PURPOSEWe investigated the effect of hyperthermia on neural activity associated with motor preparation using electroencephalographic event-related potentials (EEG-ERPs).METHODSTwo stimulus presentation methods were used: movement-related cortical potentials (MRCP) induced by self-initiated movement, and contingent negative variation (CNV) induced by externally-cued movement. The exercise intensity that elicited MRCP and CNV was set at 20% maximum voluntary contraction. Healthy young volunteers performed trials before and during whole-body heat stress on separate days.RESULTSHeat stress increased esophageal temperature by 1.5 ± 0.1 °C during the MRCP trial and 1.5 ± 0.2 °C during the CNV trial. Consistent with previous studies, the results of the Go/No-go tasks showed that the hyperthermia-induced impairment of brain activity was associated with executive and inhibitory processing during heat stress in both trials. In the MRCP trial, the amplitude of Bereitschaftspotential and the negative slope remained unchanged across all electrodes. However, CNV amplitudes in the middle and late phases were significantly reduced at Cz and Pz (both phases, P < 0.005), and C4 (late phase, P < 0.05), while early phase amplitudes were unchanged.CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that neural activity for self-initiated movements is preserved under heat stress, whereas neural activity for externally-cued movements may be inhibited due to hyperthermia-induced central fatigue, potentially involving brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex. This alteration in the central mechanisms may contribute to the attenuated exercise performance under heat stress.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Classification of Athletes Based on Force-Velocity Profiling from Countermovement Jumps Influenced by the Choice of Method?","authors":"Gøran Paulsen,Kolbjørn Lindberg,Ola Eriksrud,Paul Solberg,Thomas Bjørnsen,Olivier Seynnes,Øyvind Gløersen-Haga,Maarten Bobbert,Hannah Rice","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003732","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEForce-velocity (FV) profiling is a tool for classifying athletes as force- or velocity-deficient, allowing for tailored training prescriptions. However, profiling classification may vary depending on the measurement method used. This study compared FV profile variables derived from countermovement jumps (CMJs) using four approaches: the Flight-time method, a Kinetic method, and two Kinematic methods.METHODSSixteen National-level female handball players completed CMJs with 0, 20, 40, 50, and 70 kg of additional mass. All jumps were recorded by a force plate and 3D motion capture system. For each jump, jump height, height of push-off (HPO), average force, and average velocity were estimated, and FV profiles were derived using each of the four methods. The two kinematic methods represented displacement of the center of mass of 1) the body and 2) the whole system (i.e., body + additional mass). A pre-measured HPO (Flight-time method) overestimated the HPO derived from kinetic and kinematics methods at low values and underestimated it at high values.RESULTSThe Flight-time method underestimated average force by 7% compared to the kinetic method and overestimated it by 1-3% compared to the kinematic methods. Average velocity during push-off was lower when derived from the Flight-time method than all other methods, particularly at the highest velocities (~20%). The resultant FV profiles (slopes) differed systematically by 30-39% between methods, such that >80% of participants were classified differently (i.e., force-deficient, velocity-deficient, or balanced) depending on the method applied.CONCLUSIONSWe question the practical use of the FV profiles based on the Flight-time method, as it could result in the misclassification of athletes.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}