Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between the G Tolerance, Physical Performance, and Cardiac Force Index in Male Aircrew: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Chung-Yu Lai,Wun-Wei Huang,Chien-Lin Kuo,Wei-Chi Tsai,Ching-Chun Chang,Nai-Jen Chang","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003763","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEWhether G tolerance is correlated physical performances and cardiac force index (CFI) in male aircrew.METHODSOne month before the high G training, military flight cadets provided demographic data and details about their exercise habits. They wore BioPatch™ HP devices to track cardiac data, including walking CFI (WCFI), and during the 100-meter sprint tests. Jump performance was assessed on the training day by measuring peak power output, peak power output normalized to total body mass, the product of force and time at the moment of the jump, and vertical jump height. Relaxed G tolerance (RGT) and straining G tolerance (SGT) were evaluated using a gradual onset rate. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between G tolerance, physical performance, and CFI.RESULTSThere were 53 male trainees classified in the low tolerance group and 29 ones in the high tolerance group. The finish time for the sprint in the high tolerance group averaged 14.1 ± 1.0 seconds, which was shorter than the 14.4 ± 1.1 seconds recorded for the low tolerance group. A higher WCFI (>0.15 vs. ≤0.15) before the sprint was consistently associated with enhanced G tolerance performance, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 3.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-12.60]. Conversely, the sprint completion time was negatively associated with G tolerance (aOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.95).CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicate that a higher WCFI and shorter sprint times prior to the high G training are positively correlated with the G tolerance. Aircrew training centers may integrate sprint and jump tests alongside cardiovascular monitoring to classify cadets into high or low G tolerance groups for further personalized training regimens.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking and Trajectory Analysis of Active Commuting from Childhood to Midlife.","authors":"Xiaolin Yang,Tuomas Kukko,Kasper Salin,Janne Kulmala,Suvi P Rovio,Katja Pahkala,Terho Lehtimäki,Olli T Raitakari,Tuija H Tammelin","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003760","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo examine the tracking and trajectories of active commuting (AC) from childhood to midlife and their association with physical activity (PA) levels over 35 years.METHODSSelf-rated AC and PA data were extracted from the Young Finns Study across six phases (1983 - 2018) for tracking (n = 2851) and trajectories (n = 1220). Accelerometer-derived PA was quantified in 2018-2020 (n = 1134). AC tracking was analyzed using Spearman's correlation, percentage agreements, and kappa statistics. Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct AC trajectories, and their associations with adult PA were subsequently evaluated.RESULTSTracking correlations of AC over 3 - 4, 6 - 7, 15, 18, and 35 years for both sexes were 0.40 - 0.43, 0.30 - 0.33, 0.25 - 0.32, 0.20 - 0.23, and 0.15 - 0.22 in summer, and 0.38 - 0.42, 0.35 - 0.41, 0.30 - 0.40, 0.25 - 0.33, and 0.23 - 0.31 in winter, respectively. Percentage agreements exceeded 54%, with kappa statistics ranging from slight to fair over time. Based on AC trajectories, four classes were identified for men (M) and five for women (W): stable car commuting (M:58.9%, W:37.4%), decreasing AC (M:16.5%, W:22.2%), increasing AC (M:12.8%, W:17.3%), and stable AC (M:11.8%), stable active walking (W:12.2%), and stable active summer cycling (W:10.8%). Compared to stable car-commuting ones, women who consistently walked or cycled in summer had higher adult moderate-to-vigorous PA and step counts. Men with consistent AC accumulated more steps and higher self-reported PA. Increasing AC in men also reported higher total PA. Stable AC participants were more physically active on weekdays, while men in the increased AC group were more active on weekends.CONCLUSIONSTracking of AC from childhood to mid-adulthood was low to moderately high. Stable and increasing AC trajectories predicted higher adult PA levels during weekdays or weekends.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Cardiorespiratory Fitness with a Cycle Ergometry Equation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults at Low and High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Pierre Boulay,Ahmed Ghachem,James J McCormick,Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003761","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSELow cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has consistently been associated with an increased risk of premature mortality and has been shown to be comparable to traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in terms of health outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to determine the accuracy of commonly proposed cycling ergometry equations to predict maximum oxygen uptake (pV̇O2max) in middle-aged and older adults and, 2) to assess if the accuracy is impacted by the presence of CVD risk factors.METHODSA total of 1255 participants (62.4 ± 6.9 years; 62.9% male) were included. V̇O2max was measured during an incremental maximal exercise test (IMET) on a cycle ergometer. In addition, three non-gender and gender-specific cycle ergometry equations (Storer et al. 1990, de Souza et al. 2015 and (FRIEND) Kokkinos et al. 2018) were used to pV̇O2max.RESULTSBoth FRIEND and Storer equations pV̇O2max with a low relative bias for both non-gender-specific (-0.81 ± 12.9%; -0.31 ± 13.1%, respectively) and gender-specific (Women: -0.03 ± 13.6%; -3.31 ± 13.3%, Men: -045 ± 11.5%; 0.61 ± 11.5%, respectively) equations. Bland-Altman results also showed no difference between measured and pV̇O2max with excellent accuracy based on the Cb (0.99 and 1.0) and Lin's CCC (0.91 and 0.92) scores for both the FRIEND and Storer equations, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) was high (0.84-0.88) displaying good accuracy with low RMSE values.CONCLUSIONSBoth the Storer and FRIEND-cycle ergometry equations predicted CRF with good accuracy in adults at low and high risk of CVD. Using the gender-specific equations slightly improved the accuracy, however the FRIEND equation performed better overall. Therefore, the FRIEND equation provides an attractive and simple alternative to assess CRF in adults when the direct measurement of V̇O2max is not feasible.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetic Parameters of Rowing Performance: Will the Distance Change in the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games Matter?","authors":"Alice Boillet,Laurent A Messonnier,Caroline Cohen","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003759","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThe study aimed to model rowing in a single scull, considering individual physiological characteristics of rowers, to determine the optimal pacing strategy over 2000 m (current Olympic distance) and 1500 m (future Olympic distance for 2028), as well as the sensitivity of performance to specific physiological factors at these distances.METHODSA validated mechanical model of rowing was coupled with an athlete-specific physiological model (digital twin) to determine optimal pacing strategies for two model athletes (a female and a male rower). Energy production was analyzed using both oxidative (O2,peak) and non-oxidative (Enon - ox) sources, using numerical and analytical approaches.RESULTSFor the 2000 m distance, the optimal pacing strategy involved a gradual deceleration over the first 1500 m, followed by a final sprint over the last 500 m, similar to current observed trends. For the 1500 m distance, the optimal pacing strategy lacked this final sprint. Reducing the distance increased the proportion of non-oxidative energy by 5%. Sensitivity of performance to O2,peak was consistent across both distances, showing a 1% performance gain for every 3% increase in O2,peak. In contrast, the sensitivity of Enon - ox increased as distance decreased (a 1% performance gain requiring an 11% increase for 2000 m vs. a 13% increase for 1500 m in non-oxidative capacity).CONCLUSIONSOptimal pacing strategies differ between 2000 m and 1500 m, with the latter requiring a less even pace with a faster start and without a final sprint. Sensitivity to O2,peak is consistently higher than that of Enon - ox at both distances, highlighting the critical role of oxidative capacity in rowing performance.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144097706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine-Induced Specific Cellular and Humoral Immunity after MRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in Athletes and Controls.","authors":"Verena Klemis,Tina Schmidt,Andreas Venhorst,Lea Halmans,Stefanie Marx,Franziska Hielscher,Rebecca Urschel,Candida Guckelmus,Franziska Greiß,Urban Sester,Barbara C Gärtner,Tim Meyer,Martina Sester","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003757","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEHigh-performance sports training has been associated with immunomodulatory activity on vaccine-induced immunity in athletes. To date, it is unknown, whether training in athletes may affect immunogenicity of mRNA-based vaccines, as the vaccine antigen is produced in the muscle.METHODSIn an observational study, 57 athletes and 57 controls were recruited before and 2 weeks after the second vaccination with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Spike-specific IgG-antibodies were quantified using ELISA. Quantitative and functional characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells was carried out from whole blood using flow-cytometry. Adverse events within the first seven days after the first and the second vaccination were self-reported using a diary.RESULTSLevels of anti-spike IgG antibodies were similar in athletes (5766 (IQR 4923) BAU/ml) and controls (6677 (IQR 6741) BAU/ml, p = 0.317), which also held true for neutralizing activity (p = 0.185). In contrast, athletes reached significantly lower levels of spike-specific CD4 (p = 0.0001) and CD8 T-cells (p = 0.025). While most individuals from both groups had spike-specific CD4 T-cell levels above detection limit, the percentage of individuals with detectable CD8 T-cells was significantly lower among athletes (23/57 (40.4%)) as compared to controls (35/57 (61.4%), p = 0.039). Cytokine-expression profiling showed no major differences between the groups, whereas the expression of CTLA-4 was significantly lower in spike-specific CD4 T-cells of athletes. Overall, adverse events were similar among the groups except for more athletes reporting swelling at the injection site and headache.CONCLUSIONSCOVID-19 mRNA vaccination was well tolerated and induced a strong humoral and cellular immune-response in both athletes and controls. The significantly lower levels of vaccine-specific T-cells with less CD8 T-cell responders among athletes may indicate mRNA vaccine-specific alterations in immune-responses related to high-performance sports training. Key Words: ANTIBODIES, IMMUNOGENICITY, SARS-COV-2, T CELLS, VACCINATION.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in Adolescent Childhood Cancer Survivors and Controls: The PACCS Study.","authors":"Elisabeth Edvardsen,Ellen Ruud,Corina Silvia Rueegg,Haakon Kristian Kvidaland,Ingrid Kristin Torsvik,Lars Peder Vatshelle Bovim,May Grydeland,Nicolas von der Weid,Sigmund Alfred Anderssen,Susi Kriemler,Truls Raastad","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003758","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESTo compare physical fitness, function and physical activity (PA) in adolescent childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) to age- and sex-matched controls and across different cancer diagnoses.METHODSThis multicenter cross-sectional study (PACCS) included CCSs aged 9-18 years (≥1-year after cancer treatment) and age- and sex-matched controls. Physical fitness tests included cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and muscular strength (maximal isometric handgrip, knee-extension, and chest-press). Physical function tests included a 1-min sit-to-stand test (STS) and countermovement jump (CMJ). PA was measured by accelerometer for seven days. We used linear mixed effects models to compare outcomes between CCSs and controls, and across diagnostic groups.RESULTSWe included 157 CCSs and 113 controls, aged 13.4 ± 2.6 years (mean ± SD). Cancer types were leukemia (n = 78), central nervous system (CNS) tumors (n = 18), lymphoma (n = 16), and other solid tumors (n = 45). CCSs had lower VO2max (marginal mean [95% confidence interval]) 41.7 [38.4-45.0] vs 46.4 [42.9-49.8] mL·kg-1·min-1, P < 0.001), knee-extension strength (35.4 [34.1-36.8] vs 38.2 [36.7-39.7] kg, P = 0.003), chest-press strength (30.0 [28.4-31.6] vs 32.8 [31.0-34.7] kg, P = 0.007), STS repetitions (57.5 [55.8-59.3] vs 60.0 [58.0-62.0] P = 0.017), and CMJ height (22.1, [20.5-23.8] vs 24.9 [23.2-26.6] cm, P < 0.001). PA levels and sedentary time were similar in both groups (8513 [7993-9034] vs 9000 [8404-9596] steps per day, P = 0.174, respectively). Survivors of CNS tumors had the lowest values for VO2max, muscular strength, physical function and PA.CONCLUSIONSDespite no significant difference in PA levels, adolescent CCSs had 4.2% to 11% lower physical fitness and function compared to controls, where survivors of CNS tumors performed poorest.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menarche as Maturational Factor in Young Swimmers' Development of Morphological, Physical and Performance Characteristics over a Year of Training.","authors":"Daniel López-Plaza,Fernando Alacid,Oriol Abellán-Aynés,Carmen Daniela Quero-Calero","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003755","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEAt the age of menarche, there is a significant increase in the secretion of sex hormones, affecting physical and morphological growth. This study aimed to investigate the impact of menarche on the development of body dimensions, fitness level, technical skills and performance in pubertal female swimmers over one year of training.METHODSNineteen young swimmers within the same age group (11-12 years) were assessed in two consecutive years. Participants were allocated into two groups (Menarche and Pre-menarche) based on the presence of menarche in the transition from the 1st to the 2nd year. Anthropometric measures, physical fitness (countermovement jump and handgrip), skill tests (glide and 10 m underwater from start and push) and specific performance tests (50, 100, and 200 m) were evaluated.RESULTSMenarche-based differences were identified in handgrip strength, 10 m underwater from push, and sprint performance in the 2nd year (P < 0.05), with menarcheal girls showing greater improvement in these attributes throughout the year. In contrast, premenarcheal swimmers exhibited greater increases in body dimensions (stature, body mass, foot and hand lengths) up to 9.5% and improved performance in the 200 m, reducing the significant differences compared to menarcheal girls in the 2nd year. Muscular strength, hand length, and 10 m underwater performance were significantly associated with short-distance performance, especially in menarcheal girls (r > 0.59), while maturity and training were more related to 200 m performance (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThese findings highlight the different timing of improvement in female swimmers' attributes based on menarche. Along with the age at peak height velocity (APHV), the age of menarche might be a valuable tool for monitoring and adapting training and talent identification processes.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Tibial Responses to Military Training Reveals Consistency between Adaptation and Markers of Stress and Osteogenic Potential.","authors":"Christopher K Kargl,Kristen J Koltun,Evan D Feigel,Jennifer N Forse,Daniella A Santucci,Matthew B Bird,Nicole M Sekel,Mita Lovaleker,Brian J Martin,Brad C Nindl","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003753","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONArduous military training consists of physically demanding activity that increase tibial bone formation. The intensity of these programs, however, greatly elevates the risk of bone stress injuries, especially in women. This cross-sectional study aimed to profile individuals whose tibia's most and least adapted to the 10-week Marine Officer Candidates School (OCS).METHODSOfficer Candidates (n = 168; 49 Female) included were those with the greatest (Adapters; top quintile) and least (Non-Adapters; bottom quintile) change in Bone Strength Index at the distal metaphysis (4% site) of the tibia after OCS. Tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans, blood draws, and demographics were taken before and after OCS. A cell culture model was utilized to measure the impact of circulating factors on osteoblast activity. Circulating markers of stress, bone turnover, and iron status were measured.RESULTSAnalysis of tibial parameters revealed Adapters had greater changes in bone mineral density and/or strength index at each measured site (4%, 38%, and 66%) after OCS compared to Non-Adapters. Demographically, women were more likely to have no adaptation response. After adjusting for sex differences between groups, Adapters had no stress hormone decline, unlike non-Adapters, and began training at a lower body mass than non-adapting counterparts. Completion of OCS in Adapters improved the osteogenic capacity of circulating factors, as evident by increased osteoblast mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and expression of key genes. Additionally, iron status was higher in Adapters following OCS, with little differences in bone metabolism biomarkers.CONCLUSIONSOverall, this study provides a novel investigation into those with the greatest and least changes in tibial bone measures following military training and identifies demographic and circulating biomarker differences between groups.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 2 Months Exercise Training on Glycaemic Metrics on Days with and Without Exercise in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Single-Arm Study.","authors":"Léo Duriez,Elodie Lespagnol,Serge Berthoin,Cassandra Parent,Julie Dereumetz,Sémah Tagougui,Angéline Melin,Madleen Lemaitre,Pierre Fontaine,Anne Vambergue,Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret,Elsa Heyman","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003750","url":null,"abstract":"AIMSImplementing exercise programs in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may precipitate glycaemic fluctuations. A better understanding of these fluctuations is essential for developing appropriate glucose management strategies. We aimed to assess glycaemic excursions and their progression during a 2-month training program, comparing fluctuations around exercise sessions with those of non-exercising days.METHODSNineteen (13 female) adults with T1D participated in 2-3 supervised 90-minute combined (aerobic/strength) exercise sessions per week, over 2 months. Glycaemic excursions (continuous glucose monitoring) were measured during specific periods (24-hour, nocturnal; periods before, during, after exercise sessions) and compared between exercise and non-exercise days (linear mixed models, logistic regressions).RESULTSNights following exercise sessions showed a reduced risk of hyperglycaemia (>10.0 mmol·L-1) vs. non-exercise nights. This difference diminished over the weeks of training, alongside a progressive increase in the risk of time > 16.7 mmol·L-1 during the early and late recovery phases of exercise. Overall, regardless of exercise session occurrence, level 1 and 2 nocturnal hypoglycaemic risk increased as the training program progressed.CONCLUSIONSInitially, acute exercise sessions reduced nocturnal hyperglycaemia without increasing hypoglycaemia. However, over time, the risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia increased, highlighting the need for vigilant glycaemic supervision, particularly at night, even on non-exercise days.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Sex and Protein Supplementation on Protein Turnover and Muscle Function during A 36-H Military Field Exercise in Energy Deficit.","authors":"Thomas J O'Leary,Charlotte V Coombs,Victoria C Edwards,Sam D Blacker,Rebecca L Knight,Fiona N Koivula,Kenneth Smith,Philip J Atherton,Daniel J Wilkinson,Jessica Cegielski,Joseph J Bass,Julie P Greeves,Sophie L Wardle","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003749","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThis study investigated sex differences in, and the effect of protein supplementation on, whole-body protein turnover during a military field exercise.METHODSForty-four British Army trainees (14 women) completed a 36-h field exercise. Participants consumed their habitual diet (n = 14 women [Women], protein intake 1.7 g·kg-1·d-1; n = 15 men [Men Controls], protein intake 1.6 g·kg-1·d-1) or the habitual diet and an additional 46.6 g·d-1 protein (n = 15 men [Men Protein], protein intake 2.1 g·kg-1·d-1). Total 24 h whole-body protein turnover was measured using the [15N]-glycine end-product method and muscle protein breakdown was estimated from urinary 3MH:creatinine 24 h before, during, and 96 h after field exercise. Women and Men Protein were compared with Men Controls to examine the effect of sex and protein supplementation.RESULTSWhole-body protein turnover, synthesis, breakdown, and balance, and 3MH:creatinine did not differ between time-points (p ≥ 0.056). Whole-body protein balance was higher and 3MH:creatinine was lower in Women than Men Controls (all time-points, p ≤ 0.032) with no difference between sexes for other measures of protein turnover (p ≥ 0.072). Men Protein and Men Controls were not different for any outcome (p ≥ 0.060) but adjusted mean differences [95% confidence intervals] showed protein balance was 1.12 [0.28, 1.97] g·kg-1·d-1 higher in Men Protein than Men Controls during the field exercise.CONCLUSIONSWomen have higher whole-body protein balance than men in arduous training, likely due to higher energy balance. Protein supplementation may be effective for protecting whole-body protein balance in men.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}