Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise最新文献

{"title":"The Acute Exercise-Induced Increase in Parathyroid Hormone Is Not Good for Bone","authors":"Thomas J. O’Leary","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal, Cardiovascular, and Perceptual Responses to Exercise Heat Stress in Burn Survivors with and without Whole-Body Skin Wetting","authors":"Elizabeth A. Gideon,Zachary J. McKenna,Erin M. Harper,Rachel M. Cottle,Craig G. Crandall","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004174","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Burn survivors experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke compared to non-burned individuals. These responses are due, in part, to lower exercise adherence perhaps associated with impaired thermoregulation. Improving heat dissipation and exercise “comfort” may minimize this barrier to exercise adherence in burn survivors. Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that whole-body skin wetting would attenuate the rise in core temperature and heart rate, as well as improve perceptual responses, during exercise in the heat in burn survivors relative to non-burned controls. Methods: Thirty participants (10 non-burned controls, 10 with moderate burn injuries (26 ± 8 % body surface area, BSA, burned), and 10 with large burn injuries (59 ± 15 % BSA burned)) completed two experimental visits involving 1-hour of moderate intensity (~5 W/kg metabolic heat production) cycling in the heat (41°C, 15% humidity) with and without whole-body skin wetting (24°C water). Results: We found that end exercise core temperature and heart rate were reduced with skin wetting ( p =0.005, p < 0.001, respectively), with the large burn group having a mean reduction in core temperature of -0.26˚C; 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.08 and heart rate of -13.8 bpm; 95% CI: -22.1 to -5.5 bpm with skin wetting. Additionally, there was a main effect of skin wetting resulting in improved ratings for thermal sensation ( p < 0.001), thermal comfort ( p < 0.001), and rating of perceived exertion ( p = 0.005). Conclusions: Whole-body skin wetting with cool water attenuates the rise in core temperature and heart rate, while improving exercise and thermal perception during exercise in the heat.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Maastricht Study","authors":"Xiangyu Cui,Wenjie Li,Miranda T Schram,Alfons. J. H. M. Houben,Simone J. P. M. Eussen,Anke Wesselius,Hans H. C. M. Savelberg,Bastiaan de Galan,Hans Bosma,Annemarie Koster","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004170","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the associations of volume and pattern of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the modifying effects of sociodemographic and health factors. Methods: 5,186 participants (mean age 59.3 years; 52.4% women) were included from The Maastricht Study. PA and SB were obtained with thigh-worn accelerometers. Annual questionnaires and government registration assessed CVD events (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and/or peripheral vascular disease). Cox regression examined associations and effect modification by age, sex, socioeconomic position, body mass index, mobility limitation, and diabetes. Results: 654 events occurred within a 6.1-year median follow-up (IQR: 3.2-9.1 years). Individuals with >69.8 min/day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) [HR (95%CI): 0.68 (0.54–0.85)] and >11.9 min/day vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) [HR (95%CI): 0.69 (0.54–0.87)] had lower CVD risk compared with Q1 (lowest). Moderate sedentary breaks (32.0-42.6 n/day) were associated with a lower risk [Q2, HR (95%CI): 0.75 (0.61–0.92); Q3, HR (95%CI): 0.69 (0.55–0.87)] relative to Q1. Weekend warriors [MVPA ≥ 150 min/week with ≥50% in 1–2 days, HR (95%CI): 0.60 (0.44-0.82)] and regularly active individuals [HR (95%CI): 0.66 (0.50-0.88)] had lower risks relative to inactive/insufficiently active individuals. Stronger associations were observed between MVPA and CVD in women, and in limited-mobility individuals (both P-interaction < 0.05). Sedentary time, light-intensity PA, prolonged sedentary bouts, and average sedentary bout duration were not associated with CVD. Conclusions: Higher MVPA (particularly in women and limited-mobility individuals) and VPA are associated with lower CVD risk. Overall, higher-intensity PA could be relevant for cardiovascular protection.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Exercise-Induced Increase in Parathyroid Hormone Is Not Good for Bone: Response to Wherry","authors":"Thomas J. O’Leary","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"404 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Status and Valsalva Maneuver Effects on Cerebrovascular Regulation during Acute Resistance Exercise","authors":"Elric Y. Allison,Yixue (Michelle) Mei,Vanessa Mizzi,Taha Abbasi-Hashemi,Marc-Antoine Roy,Matin Borhani,Juliano Abreu,Patrice Brassard,Jeremy J. Walsh,Stuart M. Phillips,Baraa K. Al-Khazraji","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004163","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Repeated exposure to large transient oscillations in mean arterial pressure (MAP)during resistance exercise may induce vascular adaptations and alter cerebrovascular regulation during systemic pressure challenges. This study characterized resting vascular and cerebrovascular function, the cerebral pressure-flow relationship during forced blood pressure oscillations, and cerebrovascular responses to leg press exercise with and without the Valsalva maneuver (VM) in resistance-trained and untrained individuals. Hypotheses. We hypothesized that resistance-trained individuals would exhibit higher arterial stiffness and similar cerebrovascular function at rest but improved cerebrovascular regulation during systemic pressure challenges. Methods. Forty-four healthy young adults [23 resistance-trained (12M,11F), 21 untrained (9M,12F)] completed two visits: (1) resting vascular and cerebrovascular assessment and quantification of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship via forced blood pressure oscillations; (2) assessment of systemic and cerebral hemodynamic responses during RE at 50%, 75%, and 90% 1RM. At 90% 1RM, participants performed leg press under coached breathing and VM conditions in a randomized order. Results. No group differences were observed in resting cerebral hemodynamics, common carotid artery stiffness metrics, or cerebral pressure-flow relationship related responses. However, training effects were found for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p=0.002; ηp²=0.23; untrained>trained), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.003; ηp²=0.24; untrained>trained), pulse pressure (p=0.004; ηp²=0.27; untrained<trained), stroke volume (p=0.003; ηp²=0.26; untrained<trained), and heart rate (p=0.02; ηp²=0.16; untrained>trained). Despite higher MAP Peak in trained individuals (p=0.03; ηp²=0.19), cerebrovascular responses were similar or attenuated compared with untrained individuals. VM strain did not differ between groups, but VM use increased MAP Peak (p=0.04; ηp²=0.05) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (p=0.005; ηp²=0.09), and reduced heart rate (p=0.03; ηp²=0.06). Conclusions. Habitual resistance training and breathing strategy both influence cerebrovascular responses, potentially helping preserve cerebral perfusion during systemic pressure challenges.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Exercise-Induced Increase in Parathyroid Hormone Is Good for Bone","authors":"Sarah J. Wherry","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory Fitness Reclassifies Mortality Risk Beyond Traditional Risk Factors: The ETHOS Study","authors":"Jonathan Myers,Peter Kokkinos,Immanuel Babu Henry Samuel,Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez,Andreas Pittaras,Charles Faselis","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful predictor of mortality, but its incremental value for improving clinical risk classification beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors remains incompletely defined. We evaluated whether the addition of CRF improves 10-year mortality risk prediction using contemporary reclassification metrics. Methods: We analyzed 562,234 adults from a clinical exercise testing cohort with complete covariate data. CRF was assessed by peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved during treadmill testing and dichotomized as fit versus unfit, with unfit defined as the least fit quintile (<5.0 METs). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate 10-year all-cause mortality risk using traditional risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking), with and without CRF. Incremental prognostic value of CRF was assessed using categorical and continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and Harrell’s C-statistic. Results: During a mean follow-up of 10.2±5.1 years, CRF was independently associated with mortality, with each 1-MET higher CRF associated with a 16% lower hazard of death (hazard ratio 0.84; 95% CI 0.838–0.842; p<0.001). The addition of CRF significantly improved risk prediction, yielding a categorical NRI of 0.06 and a continuous NRI of 0.37 (both p<0.001), with significant improvement in IDI. Model discrimination increased from 0.662 to 0.682 after addition of CRF (ΔC=0.020; p<0.001). Adjusted 10-year mortality risk was substantially higher among unfit versus fit individuals (32.9% vs 13.4%). Conclusions: CRF significantly improves 10-year mortality risk prediction beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors and meaningfully enhances individual-level risk stratification. Incorporation of CRF into routine clinical risk assessment frameworks should be considered.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach to Characterization of the Female Hormone Profile: Feasibility and Research Application of Daily At-Home Urine Hormone Monitoring","authors":"Katie R. Hirsch,Callie L. Unrein,Kaitlyn T. Ramey","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004171","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Accounting for and characterizing hormonal status and menstrual phase can add complication, time, and expense to studies, creating a barrier to conducting rigorous female-specific research. Recent advances in at-home urine hormone testing present a potentially feasible method for quantifying daily estrogen (E), progesterone (PDG), and luteinizing hormone (LH) across the menstrual cycle, that could enhance research feasibility and precision. Purpose: to evaluate the feasibility and research utility of at-home daily urine hormone monitoring for characterizing female hormone profiles. A secondary aim was to assess the relationship between daily urine and salivary hormone concentrations and patterns. Methods: Thirty-three healthy women, (Age: 23.8±0.7yrs; BMI: 23.4±0.5kg/m 2 ; %BF: 27.3±1.0%), including eumenorrheic (EUM, n=13), hormonal intrauterine device users (IUD, n=10), and oral contraceptive users (OC, n=10), completed daily urine and saliva sampling over ~1–2 hormone cycles. An at-home smartphone-compatible monitor was used to quantify urine E, PDG, and LH from lateral flow assays. Saliva E and PDG was assessed using enzyme immunoassays. Associations between daily urine and saliva hormone concentrations were evaluated using within-individual Pearson correlations; hormonal patterns were assessed using correlations of smoothed time-series data. Results: Compliance with daily hormone testing was high (92.8±8.7%) across 36.0±13.7days of tracking. Key menstrual cycle features were identified within 1–2 cycles. Associations between daily urine and saliva E and PDG concentrations were weak to moderate (r=0.36-0.81; p<0.001-0.046) in 25% and 34% of cycles, respectively. Comparatively, associations between E and PDG patterns were moderate to strong (r=0.49-0.99; p<0.001-0.050) in 41% and 66% of cycles, respectively. Conclusions: At-home daily urine hormone monitoring is a feasible method for characterizing menstrual cycle hormones that could advance the quality, inclusivity, and interpretability of female health and physiology research.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"45 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Exercise-Induced Increase in Parathyroid Hormone Is Good for Bone: Response to O’Leary","authors":"Sarah J. Wherry","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Real-Time Visual Feedback on Performance and Motivation in Recreational Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Dan Eisenhardt,Aidan Kits,Pascal Madeleine,Afshin Samani,David C. Clarke,Mathias Kristiansen","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000004165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000004165","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Real-time feedback technologies are increasingly used in endurance training. We previously showed that feedback increased compliance to prescribed training by fitness swimmers, yet their effects on long-term performance adaptations and motivation remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial investigated the extent to which real-time visual feedback during swim training improves performance and motivation among recreational swimmers. Methods: Fifty-seven participants were randomized into a feedback (FB) or non-feedback (NFB) group and were prescribed 35 workouts over 12 weeks across three training volumes (small, medium, large). The FB group used FORM Goggles to receive real-time visual feedback, whereas the NFB group completed identical workouts without feedback. Performance was assessed as the change in critical swim speed (CSS) from baseline to post-intervention, and motivation was evaluated using post-workout Likert-scale surveys assessing accomplishment, enjoyment, and intention to continue training. Results: Linear mixed-effects models revealed significant improvements in CSS over time (p < 0.001), with mean relative improvements of 6.8% in the FB group and 6.3% in the NFB group; however, there was no between-group difference (p = 0.75; Cohen’s d = 0.08). Motivation scores remained high throughout the intervention in both groups, with no significant effects of feedback or group-by-training plan interactions (all p > 0.16). Conclusions: Real-time visual feedback did not lead to greater improvements in CSS or motivation compared with non-feedback training during a 12-week structured swim training program. These findings suggest that, under the conditions tested, prescribed training volume and intensity were the primary drivers of adaptation, with no additional measurable benefit from real-time visual feedback.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149088629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}