Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz最新文献

{"title":"A review of serological tests available in Brazil for intestinal schistosomiasis diagnosis.","authors":"Lidia Mara da Silva Ramos, Rosiane A da Silva-Pereira, Edward Oliveira, Cristina Toscano Fonseca, Carlos Graeff-Teixeira","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220236","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760220236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap and recommendations for elimination of schistosomiasis were recently updated. With significant reductions in the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infections worldwide, there is a need for more sensitive diagnostic methods. There are a few remaining transmission hotspots in Brazil, although low endemicity settings comprise most of the endemic localities. For the latter, serology may represent a tool for population screening which could help eliminate transmission of schistosomiasis. Here, we review serology tests currently available in Brazil from both public health and private laboratories: immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFATs) on adult worm sections and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with soluble egg and adult worm antigens. Both in-house and commercially available tests have received less than adequate performance evaluations. Our review of immediate basic and operational research goals may help identify local adjustments that can be made to improve control interventions aimed at elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e230236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10003949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9529028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ERRATUM.","authors":"","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760230002er","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230002er","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/s0074-02761990000400007].</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e230002er"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9949607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10773017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ERRATUM.","authors":"","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760230001er01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230001er01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/s0074-02761991000400023].</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e230001er01"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9949608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10773016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raising the suspicion of a non-autochthonous infection: identification of Leishmania guyanensis from Costa Rica exhibits a Leishmaniavirus related to Brazilian north-east and French Guiana viral genotypes.","authors":"Carlos Mata-Somarribas, José Quesada-López, María F Matamoros, César Cervantes-Gómez, Annia Mejía, Karen Chacón, Ivannia Bendig, Roger Campos, Raphael Quesada-Morera, Lilian Motta Cantanhêde, Luiza de Oliveira R Pereira, Elisa Cupolillo","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220162","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760220162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Costa Rica has a history of neglecting prevention, control and research of leishmaniasis, including limited understanding on Leishmania species causing human disease across the country and a complete lack of knowledge on the Leishmania RNA virus, described as a factor linked to the worsening and metastasis of leishmanial lesions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this work was to describe a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, bearing infection with Leishmaniavirus 1 (LRV1) in Costa Rica, raising the suspicion of imported parasites in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Leishmania strain was previously identified by routine hsp70 polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Costa Rica and subsequently characterised by isoenzyme electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing in Brazil. Screening for LRV1 was conducted with a dual RT-PCR approach and sequencing of the fragment obtained.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Since 2016 Costa Rica performs Leishmania isolation and typing as part of its epidemiological surveillance activities. Amongst 113 strains typed until 2019, only one was characterised as a L. (V.) guyanensis, corresponding to the first confirmed report of this species in the country. Interestingly, the same strain tested positive for LRV1. Sequencing of the viral orf1 and 2, clustered this sample with other LRV1 genotypes of South American origin, from the Northeast of Brazil and French Guiana.</p><p><strong>Main conclusion: </strong>The unique characteristics of this finding raised the suspicion that it was not an autochthonous strain. Notwithstanding its presumed origin, this report points to the occurrence of said endosymbiont in Central American Leishmania strains. The possibility of its local dispersion represents one more challenge faced by regional health authorities in preventing and controlling leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"117 ","pages":"e220162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9870268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10591898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the formation of lipid droplets and eicosanoid production in Leishmania promastigotes.","authors":"Yasmin Monara Ferreira de Sousa Andrade,&nbsp;Monara Viera de Castro,&nbsp;Victor de Souza Tavares,&nbsp;Rayane da Silva Oliveira Souza,&nbsp;Lúcia Helena Faccioli,&nbsp;Jonilson Berlink Lima,&nbsp;Carlos Arterio Sorgi,&nbsp;Valéria M Borges,&nbsp;Théo Araújo-Santos","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The knowledge about eicosanoid metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) formation in the Leishmania is very limited and new approaches are needed to identify which bioactive molecules are produced of them.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Herein, we compared LDs and eicosanoids biogenesis in distinct Leishmania species which are etiologic agents of different clinical forms of leishmaniasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this, promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum were stimulated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and LD and eicosanoid production was evaluated. We also compared mutations in structural models of human-like cyclooxygenase-2 (GP63) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) proteins, as well as the levels of these enzymes in parasite cell extracts.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>PUFAs modulate the LD formation in L. braziliensis and L. infantum. Leishmania spp with equivalent tissue tropism had same protein mutations in GP63 and PGFS. No differences in GP63 production were observed among Leishmania spp, however PGFS production increased during the parasite differentiation. Stimulation with arachidonic acid resulted in elevated production of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids compared to prostaglandins.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest LD formation and eicosanoid production are distinctly modulated by PUFAS dependent of Leishmania species. In addition, eicosanoid-enzyme mutations are more similar between Leishmania species with same host tropism.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9991015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9092584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic Giardia duodenalis assemblage A in northern sloth from Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Lisiane Lappe dos Reis, Lirna Salvioni Silva de Souza, Francisco Carlos de Oliveira Braga, Dayane Costa de Souza Lima, Natália Aparecida de Souza Lima, Jessica da Silva Padinha, Alessandra Ferreira Dales Nava, Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760230088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230088","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The parasite Giardia duodenalis infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H). Zoonotic assemblages A and B have already been identified in humans and wild and domestic animals (non-human primates and cats) from Brazilian Amazon and in the world. Due to its zoonotic/zooanthroponotic nature, surveillance initiatives and the definition of Giardia assemblages are important in order to characterise the epidemiological scenario and to implement further control measures. OBJECTIVES Determine assemblages of G. duodenalis in sloths from the Brazilian Amazon Region. METHODS Faecal parasitological examination of sloths from Amazonas State. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the beta giardin (BG), and genes from multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. FINDINGS Here, we identified, by microscopy, Giardia in two northern sloths (Bradypus tridactylus). These two samples were submitted to molecular assays and it was revealed that both were infected by G. duodenalis assemblage A. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they belong to assemblage A within sequences from humans and wild and domestic animals. CONCLUSION Therefore, besides showing, by the first time, the current presence of this parasite in sloths, our findings reveals that this wild animal species would be part of the zoonotic/zooanthroponotic scenario of this parasite in the Brazilian Amazon.","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135613434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coagulopathy and the humoral response against viral proteins in patients at different stages of COVID-19.","authors":"Fernanda Pereira Monteiro,&nbsp;Victor de Souza Tavares,&nbsp;Rayane da Silva Oliveira Souza,&nbsp;Larissa Paola Rodrigues Venâncio,&nbsp;Mary Hellen Fabres-Klein,&nbsp;Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo,&nbsp;Raphael Contelli Klein,&nbsp;Jonilson Berlink Lima,&nbsp;Théo Araújo-Santos","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often present with coagulopathies and have high titres of circulating antibodies against viral proteins.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Herein, we evaluated the association between D-dimer and circulating immunoglobulin levels against viral proteins in patients at different clinical stages of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this, we performed a cross-sectional study involving patients of the first wave of COVID-19 clinically classified as oligosymptomatic (n = 22), severe (n = 30), cured (n = 27) and non-infected (n = 9). Next, we measured in the plasma samples the total and fraction of immunoglobulins against the nucleoprotein (NP) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Patients with severe disease had a coagulation disorder with high levels of D-dimer as well as circulating IgG against the NP but not the RBD compared to other groups of patients. In addition, high levels of D-dimer and IgG against the NP and RBD were associated with disease severity among the patients in this study.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that IgG against NP and RBD participates in the worsening of COVID-19. Although the humoral response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is partially understood, and more efforts are needed to clarify gaps in the knowledge of this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"117 ","pages":"e220072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9870257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10592407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety, depression, and memory loss in Chagas disease: a puzzle far beyond neuroinflammation to be unpicked and solved.","authors":"Joseli Lannes-Vieira,&nbsp;Glaucia Vilar-Pereira,&nbsp;Leda Castaño Barrios,&nbsp;Andrea Alice Silva","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and memory loss have been described in patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Social, psychological, and biological stressors may take part in these processes. There is a consensus on the recognition of an acute nervous form of CD. In chronic CD patients, a neurological form is associated with immunosuppression and neurobehavioural changes as sequelae of stroke. The chronic nervous form of CD has been refuted, based on the absence of histopathological lesions and neuroinflammation; however, computed tomography shows brain atrophy. Overall, in preclinical models of chronic T. cruzi infection in the absence of neuroinflammation, behavioural disorders such as anxiety and depression, and memory loss are related to brain atrophy, parasite persistence, oxidative stress, and cytokine production in the central nervous system. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-bearing microglial cells are colocalised with astrocytes carrying T. cruzi amastigote forms. In vitro studies suggest that IFNγ fuels astrocyte infection by T. cruzi and implicate IFNγ-stimulated infected astrocytes as sources of TNF and nitric oxide, which may also contribute to parasite persistence in the brain tissue and promote behavioural and neurocognitive changes. Preclinical trials in chronically infected mice targeting the TNF pathway or the parasite opened paths for therapeutic approaches with a beneficial impact on depression and memory loss. Despite the path taken, replicating aspects of the chronic CD and testing therapeutic schemes in preclinical models, these findings may get lost in translation as the chronic nervous form of CD does not fulfil biomedical model requirements, as the presence of neuroinflammation, to be recognised. It is hoped that brain atrophy and behavioural and neurocognitive changes are sufficient traits to bring the attention of researchers to study the biological and molecular basis of the central nervous system commitment in chronic CD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9276067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitellogenin genes are transcribed in Culex quinquefasciatus ovary.","authors":"Alexandre S Moura,&nbsp;André Luis Costa-da-Silva,&nbsp;Pedro S Peixoto,&nbsp;Ceres Maciel,&nbsp;André F Cardoso","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Culex quinquefasciatus, a cosmopolitan, domestic, and highly anthropophilic mosquito, is a vector of pathogenic arboviruses such as West Nile virus and Rift Valley virus, as well as lymphatic filariasis. The current knowledge on its reproductive physiology regarding vitellogenin expression in different tissues is still limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we analysed the transcriptional profiles of vitellogenin genes in the fat body and ovaries of C. quinquefasciatus females during the first gonotrophic cycle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C. quinquefasciatus ovaries and/or fat bodies were dissected in different times during the first gonotrophic cycle and total RNA was extracted and used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, quantitative real time-PCR, and in situ hybridisation.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We confirmed the classical descriptions of the vitellogenic process in mosquitoes by verifying that vitellogenin genes are transcribed in the fat bodies of C. quinquefasciatus females. Using RNA in situ hybridisation approach, we showed that vitellogenin genes are also transcribed in developing ovaries, specifically by the follicle cells.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>This is the first time that vitellogenin transcripts are observed in mosquito ovaries. Studies to determine if Vg transcripts are translated into proteins and their contribution to the reproductive success of the mosquito need to be further investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10368008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10232901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis in South American territory and confirmation of Leishbunyavirus infecting this parasite in a mare.","authors":"Artur Augusto Velho Mendes Junior,&nbsp;Camila Patrício Braga Filgueira,&nbsp;Luciana de Freitas Campos Miranda,&nbsp;Adilson Benedito de Almeida,&nbsp;Lilian Motta Cantanhêde,&nbsp;Aline Fagundes,&nbsp;Sandro Antônio Pereira,&nbsp;Rodrigo Caldas Menezes,&nbsp;Elisa Cupolillo","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760220220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiological data related to leishmaniases or Leishmania infection in horses are scarce. However, studies carried out in different regions in the world showed equids parasitised by Leishmania braziliensis, L. infantum and L. martiniquensis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Identify the Leishmania species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a mare, living in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), and search the presence of Leishmania viruses in the isolated parasite.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isoenzymes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ITSrDNA region followed by sequencing were conducted for typing the isolated parasite. A search for Leishmania virus infection was also performed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The mare presented skin nodules and ulcers in the left pinna caused by Leishmania spp. that was detected by culture and PCR. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis, infected by Leishbunyavirus (LBV), representing the first description of this species in South America. The animal travelled to different Brazilian regions, but not to outside the country.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>The worldwide distribution of L. martiniquensis and its infection by LBV were confirmed in this study, indicating the autochthonous transmission cycle in Brazil. The clinical profile of the disease in the mare, showing fast spontaneous healing of cutaneous lesions, may indicate that skin lesions related to L. martiniquensis infection in horses might be underdiagnosed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"118 ","pages":"e220220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10194060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9543599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}