Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz最新文献

{"title":"Nanoemulsions loaded with ß-caryophyllene and resveratrol for herpes infections.","authors":"Isabella Dai Prá, Douglas Santos Porto, Bianca Costa Bernardo Port, Luíse Gauer Schulte, Débora Fretes Argenta, Thiago Caon, Izabella Thaís Silva","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760250333","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760250333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection represents a global health concern with a significant impact on affected individuals' quality of life. Conventional treatment relies on nucleoside analogues such as acyclovir, which, although effective, have limitations including viral resistance and low bioavailability. In this context, natural products such as resveratrol (RSV) and β-caryophyllene (BCP) emerge as promising alternatives due to their antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. However, these compounds present challenges related to stability and solubility, necessitating the use of controlled drug delivery systems such as nanoemulsions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop and characterise nanoemulsions containing RSV and BCP, either individually or in combination, for the treatment of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The nanoemulsions were prepared using a low-energy spontaneous emulsification technique and characterised for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, and wound-healing potential of the nanoemulsions were evaluated in vitro using VERO and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Results showed that RSV exhibited significant antiviral activity against HSV-1, while BCP demonstrated moderate activity. Nanoencapsulation improved the biocompatibility of RSV but increased the cytotoxicity of BCP. The combination of RSV and BCP in nanoemulsions showed enhanced antiviral activity, with inhibition percentages above 70%. However, the nanoemulsions did not significantly promote wound healing in HGF cells. Additionally, the nanoemulsions did not protect against Ultraviolet Crosslinker (UVC)-induced cell damage.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Nanoemulsions containing RSV and BCP demonstrated enhanced antiviral activity against HSV-1, particularly when combined, suggesting a synergistic effect between both compounds. Nanoencapsulation improved the biocompatibility of RSV but increased the cytotoxicity of BCP. Although no significant effects were observed in wound healing or UV protection assays, the results support nanoemulsions as a promising platform for improving the antiviral performance of these compounds for topical HSV-1 treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e250333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and social factors of malaria in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory: a critical review of the challenges of control and elimination.","authors":"Djane Clarys Baia-da-Silva, Alexander Vargas, Edília Sâmela Freitas Santos, Karolina Jeaneth Solórzano Chavarría, Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760260033","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760260033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory (YIT) constitutes a serious public health concern and has been hyperendemic since 1987, following the arrival of illegal gold miners in the area. Disease transmission has steadily increased since 2013, particularly among children. It escalated into a crisis in 2019, driven by the intensification of illegal mining and environmental, sociocultural, and political factors, and reached approximately 33,000 cases in 2024. Although the declaration of a Public Health Emergency in 2023 led to advancements in surveillance and diagnosis, the incidence of cases remains elevated. Nevertheless, there was a remarkable reduction in malaria-related mortality, evidenced by a 42% decrease in deaths and a 47% decline in the case-fatality rate, even in the context of persistently high notification rates. Barriers to control include limited access to remote communities, ecological degradation that favours vector proliferation, a high prevalence of submicroscopic infections, and sociocultural constraints. Expanded diagnostic capacity and a reinforced workforce are essential but insufficient without addressing the underlying structural causes. This mini-review summarises and critically discusses the epidemiological trends of malaria in YIT, as well as the social, environmental, cultural, and operational factors that sustain transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e260033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolbachia introgression in Rio de Janeiro remains at sub-optimal levels 30 months after its decline: challenges in the sustainability of wMel interventions for dengue control.","authors":"Karine Pedreira Padilha, Gabriela Azambuja Garcia, Rayane Teles-de-Freitas, Franck Jeannot Gnonhoue, Mariana Rocha David, Jessica Corrêa-Antônio, Felipe de Oliveira, Luiz Paulo Brito, Luciana Dias, Ademir Jesus Martins, Vincent Corbel, José Bento Pereira Lima, Gabriel Luz Wallau, Ary Hoffmann, Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz, Daniel Antunes Maciel Villela, Márcio Galvão Pavan, Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760250212","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760250212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The deployment of the Wolbachia wMel strain is currently underway in multiple dengue-endemic municipalities across Brazil. The efficacy of this strategy in Rio de Janeiro remains uncertain, primarily due to the difficulty in sustaining high wMel prevalence in regions previously subjected to large-scale releases. A key contributing factor was the routine rotation of insecticides within the framework of Integrated Vector Management (IVM), which led to the use of the larvicide Spinosad for Aedes control in urban areas. This compound was associated with a precipitous decline in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, regardless of the wMel infection status. While wMel-uninfected population recovered within weeks, wMel-infected population remained at low levels likely due to the fitness costs imposed by wMel on egg viability.</p><p><strong>Objectives and methods: </strong>Evaluate the updated frequency of Wolbachia wMel strain in neighborhoods that received deployments. Fort that, we assessed the long-term persistence of wMel following its demographic collapse, by performing mosquito sampling across 12 neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro, 30 months after mosquito populations crashed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our findings reveal that wMel introgression remains suboptimal, with a mean frequency of 9.87% across the sampled areas. Only two neighbourhoods exhibited wMel frequencies exceeding 15%, likely reflecting ongoing localised releases.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>The reduced prevalence underscores the challenges of achieving self-sustaining wMel establishment in complex urban environments and highlight critical considerations for the implementation of Wolbachia-based dengue control programs in endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 suppl 1","pages":"e250212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13645213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new look at the feeding behaviour of haematophagous Diptera: the biting habits of Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)FIRST REVIEW ROUND - REVIEWERS' COMMENTSREVIEWERS' COMMENTS.","authors":"Giulia Gaglianone Lemos, Jenyffer Vierheller Vieira, Natacha Zimmermann Dos Santos, Danilo Leite Sforcin, Thiago Felipe de Souza, Aurélio Gonçales Bezerra, Manoela Lp Miranda, Anna Kelly Krassota, Maria Clara Alves Santarém, Maria Luiza Felippe-Bauer, Marta Jussara Cremer","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760260021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760260021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding ecological relationships among species and their pathogens is essential for assessing disease dynamics and associated risks to human, animal, and environmental health. Some haematophagous ceratopogonid species feed on birds and may act as vectors for haemoparasites, viruses, and bacteria. However, no reports have documented these insects feeding within the internal organs of birds.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to describe the first recorded occurrence of ceratopogonids feeding within the respiratory system of debilitated kelp gulls and cormorants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of the Beach Monitoring Project of the Santos Basin (PMP-BS Area SC/PR - IBAMA - ABIO No. 640/2015), we rescued debilitated coastal birds from the municipalities of São Francisco do Sul and Itapoá, in northern Santa Catarina State, Brazil, and examined the biting midges infesting them.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Approximately 18.2% (31/172) of the kelp gulls and 15.8% (3/19) of the cormorants analysed were infested internally with Leptoconops (Megaconops) floridensis Wirth and, in sporadic cases, with two species of Culicoides. Kelp gulls accounted for 91.2% of the infested birds (31/34), and the trachea, air sacs, and lungs were the most frequently affected regions of the respiratory system (~83.9%).</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>This is the first recorded occurrence of ceratopogonids feeding within the innermost part of the avian respiratory system.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e260021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of simeprevir and sofosbuvir anti-ZIKV activity by iNOS-derived NO in vitroFIRST REVIEW ROUND - REVIEWERS' COMMENTSREVIEWERS' COMMENTS.","authors":"Rômulo José Soares-Bezerra, Karen Dos Santos Charret, João Marcos Beserra Rocha da Silva, Joana Miranda Mamprim, Lucas de Souza Leite, Richard de Almeida Lima, Daniela Del Rosário Flores Rodrigues, Alexandre Dos Santos da Silva, Natiele Carla da Silva Ferreira, Marcelo Alves Pinto","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760250315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760250315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zika virus (ZIKV) was first identified in the Americas in 2015, with Brazil experiencing a major epidemic marked by teratogenic effects during early pregnancy. Ex vivo studies of microglia from fatal ZIKV-induced microcephaly cases revealed elevated levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO). Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have been proposed as potential ZIKV treatments.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of two DAAs, simeprevir and sofosbuvir, on iNOS expression and NO production during in vitro ZIKV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Molecular docking analyses were performed to assess the interaction between DAAs and the iNOS enzyme. ZIKV-infected Vero CCL-81 cells were treated with simeprevir or sofosbuvir (10 µmol/L), and iNOS expression, NO production, and cytotoxicity were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Both DAAs demonstrated strong binding affinity to the iNOS active site. Compared with the untreated infected controls, treatment with simeprevir and sofosbuvir significantly upregulated iNOS expression and increased NO production by approximately 60%. No cytotoxic effects were observed under the experimental conditions.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Simeprevir and sofosbuvir not only exhibit antiviral properties but also may enhance the host antiviral response via modulation of the NO pathway, suggesting a dual mechanism of action against ZIKV.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e250315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan filarial-nested PCR with gelified tubes: a new approach towards point-of-care testing for human filariasisFIRST REVIEW ROUND - REVIEWERS' COMMENTSREVIEWERS' COMMENTS.","authors":"Raquel Capote-Morales, Agustín Benito, Pedro Berzosa, Vicenta González, Luz García, Alba Sastre-González, Akeem Abiodun Akindele, Olusola Ojurongbe, Thuy-Huong Ta-Tang","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760250337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760250337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, traditional point-of-care tests (POCTs) for diagnosing human filariasis have demonstrated substantial limitations, raising concerns regarding their reliability in the current epidemiological context, in which numerous countries are approaching the elimination of human filariasis. Consequently, there is a need for new molecular tests that allow the simultaneous and reliable detection of multiple human filarial species, even in cases of very low microfilaremia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to convert the Fn-PCR from its original manual format to the new gelified tube-filarial-nested polymerase chain reaction (Gel-Fn-PCR), which overcomes some of the disadvantages of traditional molecular techniques thanks to its gelified tube format.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 661 dried blood spots, along with their corresponding stained blood smears, were employed for the optimisation and validation processes. The results of the Gel-Fn-PCR were compared to the microscopic diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The Gel-Fn-PCR demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for single-species infections (91.6% and 83.0% for Loa loa, and 95.0% and 97.7% for Mansonella perstans, respectively). However, for mixed infections, the sensitivity was low (43.9%), while specificity remained high (99.0%).</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>The assay proved to be effective for diagnosing single-species infections, even in cases with very low microfilaremia; however, its performance in identifying mixed infections was reduced, particularly when one species was present in much higher abundance than the other. Although not yet feasible as a fully deployable POCT, this study demonstrates the potential of integrating gelification with PCR for human filariasis diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e250337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13623295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of Triatoma vitticeps (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) colonising a brick house in an urban area of a devastated Atlantic Forest fragment in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.","authors":"Jane Costa, Gabriela Ferreira Campos Guerra, Fernanda Cristina de Oliveira Firmino, Edmardo de Oliveira Campbell Junior, Cláudia Jucá da Silva, João Paulo Sales Oliveira-Correia, Dayse S Rocha, Cleber Galvão","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760260038","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760260038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triatoma vitticeps (Stål, 1859), a primarily sylvatic vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909), has been reported invading dwellings and peridomiciliary ecotopes in several regions of Brazil.</p><p><strong>Objectives and methods: </strong>Here, we report for the first time, the colonisation of a brick house by T. vitticeps in the municipality of São José do Vale do Rio Preto, Rio de Janeiro State.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Inside the house, indicators of colonisation were recorded, including 15 eggs, 11 nymphs, two exuviae, and 19 adult specimens. T. cruzi infection was detected in 13 specimens and the blood meal source identification, through amplification of DNA fragments indicated the presence of human blood as one of the feeding sources in seven specimens.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>The infested dwelling was treated with insecticide to control the infestation, and residents were appropriately instructed to remain vigilant for the presence of triatomines and to contact health authorities if new specimens were detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e260038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13532567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory viral co-detection in paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection: associations with viral co-circulation and clinical phenotypes.","authors":"Jayra Juliana Paiva Alves, Iago de Souza Gomes, Themis Rocha de Souza, Isabelle Cristina Clemente Santos, Pedro Henrique Ferreira Cavalcanti, Janaína Sonale Cavalcante Nogueira de Oliveira, Sônia Carmem Morais Leite, Ana Paula Ferreira Costa, Magaly Cristina Bezerra Câmara, Derley Galvão de Oliveira, Ana Helena Silva Moura, Wallace Pitanga Bezerra, Senei da Rocha Henrique, Karoline Ferreira Nascimento de Oliveira, Laiane Graziela Paulino da Costa, Paola Cristina Resende, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Marilda Mendonça Siqueira, Josélio Maria Galvão de Araújo, Cristiana Couto Garcia","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760260121","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760260121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory viral infections in children are characterised by the co-circulation of multiple viral pathogens, but the relevance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-detection with other respiratory viruses remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological implications of respiratory viral co-detection and the impact of viral diversity in paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective-prospective molecular epidemiology study including children (0-11 years) with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Natal, northeast Brazil, between 2021 and 2024. Samples were analysed by multiplex RT-PCR for ten respiratory viruses. Associations between co-detection, the number of co-detected viruses, and clinical manifestations were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among 545 cases, 13.2% showed viral co-detection. Co-detection was associated with dyspnoea, respiratory distress, low oxygen saturation, and diarrhoea, and inversely associated with cough. An increasing number of co-detected viruses was linked to more severe manifestations. Distinct viral combinations were associated with different clinical profiles. SARS-CoV-2 viral load and variants were not associated with co-detection.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Respiratory viral co-detection is associated with distinct clinical and epidemiological profiles influenced by the number of co-detected viruses and viral combinations. These findings highlight the role of viral co-circulation and suggest interactions among respiratory viruses in the clinical expression of disease in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e260121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blechomonas campbelli from Ctenocephalides felis: in vitro development, thermotolerance, and phylogenetic insights.","authors":"Letícia Gracielle Tôrres de Miranda Estevam, Alexei Yu Kostygov, Felipe Dutra-Rêgo, Anna Luiza Moreira Martins, Marina Andrade Freire, Ana Cristina Vianna Mariano da Rocha Lima, Daniel Moreira de Avelar, Gregório Guilherme Almeida, José Dilermando Andrade Filho, Vyacheslav Yurchenko, Gustavo Fontes Paz","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760250286","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760250286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blechomonas spp. are flea-specific monoxenous trypanosomatids, whose biology, host range, and geographic distribution remain poorly understood, even for species inhabiting ubiquitous cat and dog fleas.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To isolate and characterise blechomonads from fleas of domestic dogs in Brazil, focusing on culture growth, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fleas collected from dogs in Sabará, Brazil, were morphologically identified and screened by cultivation. The isolate FL-1 was analysed for temperature-dependent growth, morphology, and phylogeny using 18S rRNA and gGAPDH sequences, including those mined from public metagenomic datasets.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Of 340 fleas (four per pool), only one culture tested positive. Growth was optimal at 25ºC, reduced at 30ºC, and absent at 35ºC. Four cell types were revealed, including a predominant \"uromonad\" stage specialised for attachment and aggregation. Phylogenetic analyses placed the isolate within Blechomonas campbelli and indicated that this species and Blechomonas lauriereadi occur in Ctenocephalides spp. from multiple continents.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Blechomonas campbelli exhibits developmental adaptations to the flea gut and limited tolerance to elevated temperatures, constraining its potential to persist in warm-blooded hosts. These findings highlight the value of combining culture-based and in silico approaches to investigate flea-associated trypanosomatids.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e250286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulation of fluconazole-resistant Candida auris in Peru confirmed by genomic analysis.","authors":"Rolando Paredes-Gago, Alicia Nuñez-Llanos, Clelia Cespedes-Roman, Vanessa Izarra-Rojas, Veronica Hurtado, Carlos Padilla-Rojas, Omar Caceres-Rey, Wendy Lizarraga","doi":"10.1590/0074-02760260027","DOIUrl":"10.1590/0074-02760260027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen associated with invasive infections, notable for nosocomial spread and multidrug resistance. Despite its public health importance, genetic data from Peruvian isolates remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To perform a multi-isolate genomic analysis of Peruvian C. auris isolates, including epidemiological analysis, clade assignment, phylogenetic reconstruction, and characterisation of antifungal resistance-associated mutations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty clinical samples from hospitals in Lima and Callao were identified using MALDI-TOF and subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing. Genomic DNA was sequenced, and genomes meeting quality criteria (n = 19) were included in the analysis. Phylogenomic and ERG11 phylogenetic analyses were performed, and protein modelling combined with molecular docking was used to assess interactions with lanosterol 14-α-demethylase.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>All analysed isolates belonged to clade IV and exhibited resistance to fluconazole. The ERG11 gene harboured four relevant mutations; notably, K143R was located within the hemi-binding region of lanosterol 14-α-demethylase and was predicted, based on molecular docking, to potentially alter fluconazole binding. These findings highlight the circulation of a resistant clade and underscore the need for strengthened genomic surveillance and antifungal stewardship strategies.</p><p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>This study expands the genomic data available for C. auris and reinforces the urgent need for sustained genomic surveillance to monitor and contain antifungal resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18469,"journal":{"name":"Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz","volume":"121 ","pages":"e260027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}