Medical Principles and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing of Brucella melitensis Isolates from Kuwait for the Identification of Biovars, Variants, and Relationship within a Biovar.","authors":"Abu Salim Mustafa, Mohd Wasif Khan, Nazima Habibi, Wadha Alfouzan","doi":"10.1159/000542867","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The identification of Brucella genotypes is essential for epidemiological studies. The whole-genome sequencing is emerging as a novel tool for genetic characterization of infectious microbes. The aim of this study was to genotype Brucella melitensis isolates from Kuwait using whole-genome sequencing and variant analysis of the sequence data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DNA was purified from 15 heat-inactivated B. melitensis isolates and used to prepare sequencing libraries employing Nextera XT DNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina San Diego, CA, USA) and sequenced on a MiSeq (Illumina). The sequence files were aligned to three biovars of B. melitensis, i.e., biovar 1 str. 16M, biovar 2 str. 63/9, and biovar 3 str. Ether. The alignment and variant calling were performed using \"bwa-mem\" and SAMtools/VCFtools, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genome size of all the isolates was around 3.3 mega base pairs and resembled B. melitensis biovar 2. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, and deletions (indels) were spread all over the genome; but 138 SNPs were common among the 14 isolates, supporting the same ancestral origin. A neighbor-joining tree analysis identified isolate 2 as an outlier. In addition, SNPs (2-478) specific to each isolate were also identified, which divided the B. melitensis biovar 2 into two major groups/genotypes. A further analysis showed that the Kuwaiti isolates of the present study shared phylogeny mainly with strains from the Middle Eastern countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among the 15 studied isolates from Kuwait, biovar 2 is the most prevalent biovar of B. melitensis. Furthermore, isolate-specific genetic variations were identified, which may be useful in epidemiological investigations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The identification of Brucella genotypes is essential for epidemiological studies. The whole-genome sequencing is emerging as a novel tool for genetic characterization of infectious microbes. The aim of this study was to genotype Brucella melitensis isolates from Kuwait using whole-genome sequencing and variant analysis of the sequence data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DNA was purified from 15 heat-inactivated B. melitensis isolates and used to prepare sequencing libraries employing Nextera XT DNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina San Diego, CA, USA) and sequenced on a MiSeq (Illumina). The sequence files were aligned to three biovars of B. melitensis, i.e., biovar 1 str. 16M, biovar 2 str. 63/9, and biovar 3 str. Ether. The alignment and variant calling were performed using \"bwa-mem\" and SAMtools/VCFtools, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genome size of all the isolates was around 3.3 mega base pairs and resembled B. melitensis biovar 2. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, and deletions (indels) were spread all over the genome; but 138 SNPs were common among the 14 isolates, supporting the same an","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Diuretic Therapy.","authors":"Ilke Erbay, Naile Eris Gudul, Ugur Kokturk, Pelin Aladag, Meltem Kandazoglu, Ahmet Avci","doi":"10.1159/000542172","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are the standard treatment for patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤35%) to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death. Loop diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances, leading to an increased incidence of ICD shocks. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have shown cardiovascular benefits in patients with heart failure (HF), but their effects on ventricular arrhythmias and ICD shocks, particularly in patients receiving different doses of loop diuretics, are not fully understood. This study evaluated the effects of furosemide dose and SGLT2i use on ICD shocks in HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>HFrEF patients using oral furosemide and undergoing ICD implantation in our clinic were followed for 12 months to monitor ICD shocks for ventricular arrhythmias. They were grouped according to daily oral furosemide dose and SGLT2i use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 175 patients, the use of high-dose furosemide (>80 mg/day) was significantly higher in the ICD shock group compared to the non-shock group (38.8% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.001), while the use of SGLT2i was lower (19.4% vs. 45.4%, p < 0.001). ICD shocks occurred in 67.6% of patients on high-dose furosemide without SGLT2i and 30.0% with SGLT2i (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the absence of SGLT2i as an independent predictor of ICD shocks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SGLT2i was associated with reduced ventricular arrhythmias and ICD shocks in HF patients, even when high doses of furosemide were used. The absence of SGLT2i in HF treatment was an independent predictor of ICD shocks.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are the standard treatment for patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤35%) to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death. Loop diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances, leading to an increased incidence of ICD shocks. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have shown cardiovascular benefits in patients with heart failure (HF), but their effects on ventricular arrhythmias and ICD shocks, particularly in patients receiving different doses of loop diuretics, are not fully understood. This study evaluated the effects of furosemide dose and SGLT2i use on ICD shocks in HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>HFrEF patients using oral furosemide and undergoing ICD implantation in our clinic were followed for 12 months to monitor ICD shocks for ventricular arrhythmias. They were grouped according to daily oral furosemide dose and SGLT2i use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 175 patients, the use of high-dose furosemide (>80 mg/day) was significantly higher in the ICD shock group compared to the non-shock group (38.8% v","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Discrimination and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Jun Hyuk Lee, Hyeri Lee, Yejun Son, Hyeon Jin Kim, Jaeyu Park, Hayeon Lee, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Lee Smith, Masoud Rahmati, Damiano Pizzol, Jiseung Kang, Dong Keon Yon, Hans Oh","doi":"10.1159/000542988","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to systematically investigate the associations between racial discrimination and various health outcomes and to evaluate the certainty of evidence from existing meta-analyses of observational studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We systemically searched the associations between racial discrimination and health outcomes for PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, WoS, and Google Scholar up until January 31, 2024. Notably, the included studies were predominantly conducted in the USA and Europe, limiting the generalizability of our findings to a global context.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight meta-analyses of observational studies involving over 1 million individuals were included, describing 15 potential health outcomes related to racial discrimination. The quality assessment revealed that most included meta-analyses were of low quality. For oncological health outcomes, significant associations were found with the mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); black patients had a higher risk, while Asian patients had a lower risk when compared to white patients. In addition, black patients with disparities on the cancer care continuum are a protective factor for early-stage HCC diagnosis. For gastroenterological health outcomes, Hispanic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and black patients with socioeconomic status/differential access to health care, compared to white patients (reference), showed significant associations. For mental health outcomes, racial discriminations were significantly associated with increased odds of psychotic experiences, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempts. Numerous significant associations were from weak to suggestive evidence levels, indicating variability in the evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the complexity of measuring its impact, racial discrimination shows a profound influence across clinical areas, including an unexpected protective association in early-stage HCC diagnosis among black patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to systematically investigate the associations between racial discrimination and various health outcomes and to evaluate the certainty of evidence from existing meta-analyses of observational studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We systemically searched the associations between racial discrimination and health outcomes for PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, WoS, and Google Scholar up until January 31, 2024. Notably, the included studies were predominantly conducted in the USA and Europe, limiting the generalizability of our findings to a global context.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight meta-analyses of observational studies involving over 1 million individuals were included, describing 15 potential health outcomes related to racial discrimination. The quality assessment revealed that most included meta-analyses were of low quality. For oncological health outcomes, significant associations were found with the mortali","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"138-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Sodium and Laboratory Parameters in Determining Complicated Appendicitis in Children.","authors":"Ramazan Amanvermez, Hızır Ufuk Akdemir","doi":"10.1159/000541748","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"96-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global and Regional Burden of Vaccine-Associated Erythema Multiforme and Their Related Vaccines, 1967-2023: An In-Depth Analysis of the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database.","authors":"Seoyeon Kyung, Masoud Rahmati, Jiseung Kang, Kyeogmin Lee, Hayeon Lee, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1159/000541797","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Vaccine-associated erythema multiforme (EM) remains under-researched, impacting global vaccine safety evaluations. This study examines the global and regional burden of EM and its association with specific vaccines to optimize vaccination strategies.</p><p><strong>Subject and methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the WHO pharmacovigilance database on vaccine-associated EM from 1967 to 2023 (n = 131,255,418 reports). Reporting frequencies, reported odds ratios (RORs), and information components (IC) were calculated for 16 vaccines across 170 countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 6,355 cases (males, n = 3,182 [50.07%]) of vaccine-associated EM from a total of 46,378 reports of all-cause EM. While vaccine-associated EM has been consistently reported, there has been a notable increase in reported incidence particularly in 2010 and 2020. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines had the highest association with vaccine-associated EM reports (ROR: 8.75 [95% confidence interval, 8.11-9.44]; IC, 3.10 [IC0.25, 2.97]), followed by hepatitis B (8.54 [7.66-9.51]; 3.06 [2.88]), hepatitis A (8.11 [7.01-9.39]; 2.98 [2.74]), typhoid (6.50 [4.75-8.90]; 2.60 [2.07]), encephalitis (5.86 [4.35-7.91]; 2.47 [1.96]), diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, pertussis, polio, and Hemophilus influenza type b (5.70 [5.42-5.99]; 2.46 [2.38]), pneumococcal (5.56 [5.11-6.06]; 2.45 [2.31]), rotavirus (4.96 [4.21-5.84]; 2.29 [2.01]), varicella-zoster (4.44 [3.99-4.95]; 2.13 [1.95]). Vaccine-associated EM reports were more strongly correlated with younger age groups and males. The overall fatality rate of vaccine-associated EM was 0.04%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rise in vaccine-associated EM across multiple vaccines, especially in younger populations, highlights the need for closer monitoring and more informed vaccination practices to mitigate adverse reactions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Vaccine-associated erythema multiforme (EM) remains under-researched, impacting global vaccine safety evaluations. This study examines the global and regional burden of EM and its association with specific vaccines to optimize vaccination strategies.</p><p><strong>Subject and methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the WHO pharmacovigilance database on vaccine-associated EM from 1967 to 2023 (n = 131,255,418 reports). Reporting frequencies, reported odds ratios (RORs), and information components (IC) were calculated for 16 vaccines across 170 countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 6,355 cases (males, n = 3,182 [50.07%]) of vaccine-associated EM from a total of 46,378 reports of all-cause EM. While vaccine-associated EM has been consistently reported, there has been a notable increase in reported incidence particularly in 2010 and 2020. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines had the highest association with vaccine-associated EM reports (ROR: 8.75 [95% confidence interval, 8.11-9.44]; IC, 3.10 [IC0.25, 2.97]), followed by ","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORTA Score and Negative Outcomes in Older Adults: Insights from Italian Internal Medicine Wards.","authors":"Marina Azab, Alessio Novella, Luca Pasina","doi":"10.1159/000542109","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess the relationship between the Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA) score - a classification system designed to evaluate medication appropriateness in older adults - and several negative outcomes, including impaired cognitive performance, functional status, adverse clinical events, and all-cause mortality at 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study utilized data from the ELICADHE cohort, a cluster-randomized trial conducted across 20 Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards. The study included patients aged 75 and older with complete FORTA score assessments. Demographics, medication history, and comorbidities were collected. The FORTA classification system assessed medication appropriateness. FORTA scores were calculated and FORTA score cut-offs (3 and 5) were applied. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, survival analysis with Cox regression, logistic regression, and negative-binomial regression using SAS 9.4 and RStudio 12.1. Ethical approval was obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 506 patients included, 171 (33.8%) were fully assessable with complete FORTA scores. The study found no significant association between higher FORTA scores and impaired cognitive performance, functional status, or mortality. Additionally, no clear relationship was observed between FORTA scores and adverse clinical events or mortality. The analysis indicated that age was a significant factor associated with mortality and adverse clinical events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study did not find a significant relationship between the FORTA score and negative outcomes in older patients discharged from internal medicine and geriatric wards. Further research is needed to define specific FORTA score cut-off values and expand the criteria to improve medication assessment in this population.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to assess the relationship between the Fit fOR The Aged (FORTA) score - a classification system designed to evaluate medication appropriateness in older adults - and several negative outcomes, including impaired cognitive performance, functional status, adverse clinical events, and all-cause mortality at 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study utilized data from the ELICADHE cohort, a cluster-randomized trial conducted across 20 Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards. The study included patients aged 75 and older with complete FORTA score assessments. Demographics, medication history, and comorbidities were collected. The FORTA classification system assessed medication appropriateness. FORTA scores were calculated and FORTA score cut-offs (3 and 5) were applied. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, survival analysis with Cox regression, logistic regression, and negative-binomial regression using SAS 9.4 an","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the Letter on \"Plasma Sodium and Laboratory Parameters in Determining Complicated Appendicitis in Children\".","authors":"Zlatan Zvizdic, Asmir Jonuzi, Una Glamoclija, Semir Vranic","doi":"10.1159/000541749","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"98-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Saphenous Vein Graft Failure.","authors":"Alkame Akgümüş, Bedrettin Boyraz, Ahmet Balun","doi":"10.1159/000541879","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relationship between advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels in patients with saphenous vein graft (SVG) failure and in patients without SVG failure.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>In our study, 55 patients with a history of previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, who subsequently underwent coronary angiography for any reason and were found to have either SVG occlusion or significant lesions, were included as study patients. Additionally, 55 patients who have had CABG surgery without SVG failure for at least 1 year served as the control group. AGE values of the patients were measured using the skin autofluorescence method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study results, we observed a significant difference in AGE levels between the two groups of patients with similar demographic characteristics (SVG failure groups AGE 3.2 [2.8-3.6] vs. control groups AGE 2.4 [2.1-2.7] p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we determined the ability of AGE levels to detect SVG failure with an area under the curve of 0.869. We found that in patients with AGE >3, it could detect SVG failure with a sensitivity of 70.9% and a specificity of 87.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that AGE levels can predict SVG failure risk inexpensively, easily, and quickly.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relationship between advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels in patients with saphenous vein graft (SVG) failure and in patients without SVG failure.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>In our study, 55 patients with a history of previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, who subsequently underwent coronary angiography for any reason and were found to have either SVG occlusion or significant lesions, were included as study patients. Additionally, 55 patients who have had CABG surgery without SVG failure for at least 1 year served as the control group. AGE values of the patients were measured using the skin autofluorescence method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study results, we observed a significant difference in AGE levels between the two groups of patients with similar demographic characteristics (SVG failure groups AGE 3.2 [2.8-3.6] vs. control groups AGE 2.4 [2.1-2.7] p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we determined the ability of AGE levels to detect SVG failure with an area under the curve of 0.869. We found that in patients with AGE >3, it could detect SVG failure with a sensitivity of 70.9% and a specificity of 87.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that AGE levels can predict SVG failure risk inexpensively, easily, and quickly.</p>","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Importance of Defined Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens in the T-Cell Recognition Repertoire of Latently Infected Individuals Not Progressing to Active Disease.","authors":"Fredrik Oftung, Abu Salim Mustafa","doi":"10.1159/000542324","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542324","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, we have mapped the relative importance of well-defined recombinantly expressed Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the T-cell recognition repertoire of latently infected individuals not progressing to active disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy latently infected long-term non-progressors were screened for antigen-induced proliferation and Th1 cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The panel of antigens tested showed a clear spectrum of responsiveness and lead to the identification of a subgroup of frequently recognized antigens (MPT59, CFP7, CFP10, CFP21, TB37.6/PPE68, ESAT-6, MPT51, and DnaK) with a high cellular response level as measured in both proliferation and IFN-γ assays. Among a subgroup of antigens also screened for responses in tuberculosis patients, CFP21 was identified as differentially recognized in non-progressors. For both cellular assays, we found a positive correlation between responder frequency and magnitude of response. A significant correlation between the level of antigen-specific proliferation and INF-γ secretion was also observed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We have identified a defined set of M. tuberculosis antigens frequently recognized by T cells at a high response level from latently infected long-term non-progressors which warrant further investigation for a potential role in immune regulation and protection against progression to active disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, we have mapped the relative importance of well-defined recombinantly expressed Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the T-cell recognition repertoire of latently infected individuals not progressing to active disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy latently infected long-term non-progressors were screened for antigen-induced proliferation and Th1 cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The panel of antigens tested showed a clear spectrum of responsiveness and lead to the identification of a subgroup of frequently recognized antigens (MPT59, CFP7, CFP10, CFP21, TB37.6/PPE68, ESAT-6, MPT51, and DnaK) with a high cellular response level as measured in both proliferation and IFN-γ assays. Among a subgroup of antigens also screened for responses in tuberculosis patients, CFP21 was identified as differentially recognized in non-progressors. For both cellular assays, we found a positive correlation between responder frequency and magnitude of response. A significant correlation between the level of antigen-specific proliferation and INF-γ secretion was also observed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We have identified a defined set of M. tuberculosis antigens frequently recognized by T cells at a high response level from latently infected long-term non-progressors which warrant fur","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sublethal Disinfectant Exposure on Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonasaeruginosa.","authors":"Mohemid Maddallah Al-Jebouri","doi":"10.1159/000542322","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542322","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The problem of hospital cross-infection due to contamination of disinfectants has been recognized elsewhere. The passage of bacteria through diluted disinfectants may not only bring about phenotypic changes in their antibiograms but also changes in phage susceptibility patterns. Contact with disinfectants in sublethal concentrations allows survival and multiplication of bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods and materials: &lt;/strong&gt;Serial passage, through disinfectants at subminimal inhibitory concentrations, induced antibiotic resistance in 18% of derived phenotypic variants of fifty strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which were isolated from diarrheal stools of infants in children's hospital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A proportion of these strains became susceptible to an increased number of antibiotics. The present study revealed that all the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and carbenicillin and 40% of these isolates became sensitive to both antibiotics after exposure to disinfectants. The exposure to disinfectants induced neomycin resistance among two isolates. The resistance patterns were three before disinfectants exposure which increased to be nine different patterns after exposure. No antibiotic resistance was transferred between P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli K12 as a recipient strain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Almost 50% of the isolates tested became sensitive to tetracycline, carbenicillin and co-trimoxazole after exposure to disinfectants. The resistance patterns among the 50 isolates were three which changed to be nine different patterns after exposure to disinfectants. Unjustifiable use of disinfectants might give a chance for survival and multiplication of pathogenic bacteria to develop new resistance patterns to antibiotics in use with a short time. These new resistance variants of bacteria which multiply in hospital environment could lead to serious epidemic conflicts particularly the epidemiological reporting and management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The problem of hospital cross-infection due to contamination of disinfectants has been recognized elsewhere. The passage of bacteria through diluted disinfectants may not only bring about phenotypic changes in their antibiograms but also changes in phage susceptibility patterns. Contact with disinfectants in sublethal concentrations allows survival and multiplication of bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods and materials: &lt;/strong&gt;Serial passage, through disinfectants at subminimal inhibitory concentrations, induced antibiotic resistance in 18% of derived phenotypic variants of fifty strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which were isolated from diarrheal stools of infants in children's hospital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A proportion of these strains became susceptible to an increased number of antibiotics. The present study revealed that all the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and carbenicillin and 40% of these isolate","PeriodicalId":18455,"journal":{"name":"Medical Principles and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}