Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids最新文献

{"title":"Relief in Gastrointestinal Symptoms with Medical Marijuana Over 1 Year.","authors":"Matthew P Wallingford, Erin L Kelly, Allison Herens, Daniel Hanna, Emily Hajjar, Brooke Worster","doi":"10.1159/000538694","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Subjective improvement in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was assessed among patients using medical marijuana (MMJ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed surveys at 0 days, 30 days, 6 months, and 12 months with questions about the severity of their GI symptoms on a scale from 1 (mild) to 3 (severe).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In each survey, participants reported a significant decrease in GI symptom severity when using MMJ versus when not using MMJ (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The most common self-reported side effects from using MMJ were increased appetite (12-21.4%), fatigue (6-16.7%), anxiety (4-11.9%), cough (4-11.9%), headache (6-7.9%), and dry mouth (4-7.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with chronic GI symptoms, MMJ may provide persistent symptom severity improvement. Limited product availability and mild to moderate side effects are factors to consider before trialing MMJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"7 1","pages":"80-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics for Medical Cannabis Treatment Adherence Among Autistic Children and Their Families: A Mixed-Methods Analysis","authors":"Ayelet David, O. Stolar, M. Berkovitch, E. Kohn, Michal Waisman-Nitzan, Inbar Hartmann, Eynat Gal","doi":"10.1159/000538901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538901","url":null,"abstract":"IIntroduction. Medical cannabis treatment for autistic children has recently become popular, and studies have focused on examining the treatment’s effects on children’s symptom presentation, reported side effects, and dropout rates. However, no previous study has investigated the factors influencing adherence and dropout rates in cannabis treatment. Method. This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study explored these factors by examining the characteristics of 87 autistic children and their families and deepening parents’ perspectives and experiences of the 6-month CBD-rich cannabis treatment’s benefits and barriers. Results. We found this treatment to have a high (75%) adherence rate, relatively mild side effects, and substantial reported benefits for the children and families. However, this treatment was not free of barriers; the intake regime, some side effects, and in some cases, unrealistic parental expectations made adherence difficult for some families. Conclusion. Our results highlight the importance of providing professional guidance and knowledge to parents of autistic children, enhancing their understanding of the impact of CBD-rich cannabis treatment on their children and expected related challenges and coordinating realistic treatment expectations. We hope that addressing these important aspects will influence parents’ ability to adhere to and enjoy the benefits of cannabis treatment for their autistic children.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"100 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is associated with an increase in survival time in palliative cancer patients: A retrospective multi-center cohort study.","authors":"Knud Gastmeier, Anne Gastmeier, Frank Schwab, Thomas Herdegen","doi":"10.1159/000538311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538311","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is often prescribed for ambulatory palliative patients to improve sleep quality and appetite and to reduce anxiety, stress, and pain. However, it is not known if THC has also an effect on the mortality of these patients. \u0000Method: The objective is the impact of THC on mortality of ambulatory palliative patients. For this purpose, data from the palliative treatment documentation from 5 ambulatory palliative care teams in Brandenburg, Germany were used for this analysis. Survival time was calculated for 3 groups of patients: 1) Without THC; 2) with THC in a low dosage (4.7 mg per day); and 3) THC in higher doses (>4.7 mg per day). The analysis was done for two cohorts of patients. Cohort 1: all patients with a survival time of at least 7 days after inclusion in specialized ambulatory palliative care (SAPC) and cohort 2: a sub-group of patients with a survival time between 7 and 100 days. Kaplan Meier curves were created, and multivariate analysis was done to investigate the impact of THC on mortality.\u0000Results: A total of 9419 patients with a survival time of at least 7 days after inclusion in SAPC were included in the analysis (cohort 1). 7085 among them had a survival time between 7 and 100 days (cohort 2). In both cohorts, survival time was significantly prolonged by THC, but only when the daily THC dose was above the median of 4.7 mg. Survival time was 15 days longer in cohort 2 (40 vs. 25 days), when more than 4.7 mg THC were prescribed per day.\u0000Conclusion: Use of THC is associated with a a significant increase in survival time in ambulatory palliative patients which survive longer than 7 days the initiation of THC prescription and which use of THC >4.7 mg/d.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis and Anxiety: A Critical Review","authors":"Alexander Beletsky, Cherry Liu, Bryson Lochte, Nebiyou K. Samuel, Igor Grant","doi":"10.1159/000534855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000534855","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Cannabis has been reported to have both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects. Habitual cannabis use has been associated with anxiety disorders (AD). The causal pathways and mechanisms underlying the association between cannabis use (CU)/cannabis use disorder (CUD) and anxiety remain unclear. We examined the literature via a systematic review to investigate the link between cannabis and anxiety. The hypotheses studied include causality, the common factor theory, and the self-medication hypothesis. Methods Critical systematic review of published literature examining the relationship of CU/CUD to AD or state-anxiety, including case reports, literature reviews, observational studies, and preclinical and clinical studies. A systematic MEDline search was conducted of terms including: [anxiety], [anxiogenic], [anxiolytic], [PTSD], [OCD], [GAD], [cannabis], [marijuana], [tetrahydrocannabinol], [THC]. Results While several case-control and cohort studies have reported no correlation between CU/CUD and AD or state anxiety (N = 5), other cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies report significant relationships (N = 20). Meta-analysis supports anxiety correlating with CU (N = 15 studies, OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06–1.45, p = 0.006) or CUD (N = 13 studies, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.23–2.31, p = 0.001). PATH analysis identifies the self-medication hypothesis (N = 8) as the model that best explains the association between CU/CUD and AD or state-anxiety. Despite the support of multiple large cohort studies, causal interpretations (N = 17) are less plausible, while the common factor theory (N = 5), stress-misattribution hypothesis, and reciprocal feedback theory lack substantial evidential support. Conclusion The association between cannabis and anxiety is best explained by anxiety predisposing individuals toward CU as a method of self-medication. A causal relationship in which CU causes AD incidence is less likely despite multiple longitudinal studies suggesting so.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"35 1","pages":"19 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000537825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000537825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1159/000534044.].</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"7 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11021816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational Analysis of the Influence of Medical Marijuana Use on Quality of Life in Patients.","authors":"Mark D Kelley, Marwah Obaid, Edward M Miller, Marla Bowie, Zachary S Heeter","doi":"10.1159/000536591","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A significant gap exists in the understanding and utilization of medical marijuana and its effects on a patient's quality of life. This is largely attributed to <i>Cannabis'</i> sp. Schedule 1 classification, which has impeded the scientific investigation of its effects on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and quality of life. Additionally, conflicting results from previous studies highlight the need for more research to provide guidance to both patients and clinicians regarding the therapeutic potential of medical marijuana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients over 18 years of age who were members of the Pennsylvania Medical Marijuana Program (PAMMP) were recruited from regulated Pennsylvania medical marijuana dispensaries. Eligible patients were enrolled through informed consent, following a study design that received approval from the LECOM Institutional Review Board (IRB). Over 90 days, participants were remotely administered an electronic survey every 30 days to collect medical marijuana use patterns and assess changes in quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 103 participants who completed the study, significant improvements were observed in physical and social functioning, emotional well-being, and energy levels within the first 30 days. Participants reported significant decreases in emotional limitations, fatigue, and pain levels. Notably, participants who used inhaled or vaped products (defined as vape cartridges and concentrates) were younger and exhibited a significantly higher increase in emotional well-being scores compared to those who used flower products (defined as dry leaf only). Participants who consumed medical marijuana for opioid use demonstrated significantly higher THC consumption compared to those seeking treatment for anxiety, chronic pain, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Improvements in the first 30 days also remained constant for the remainder of the study.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study contributed valuable insights into the effects of medical marijuana on quality of life and highlighted potential benefits associated with its use. Moreover, ongoing research aims to assess the observed sustained improvements beyond 90 days, investigating potential long-term trends. While further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of action and long-term effects of medical marijuana, clinicians and patients can gain a better understanding of medical marijuana's therapeutic potential, enabling more informed decisions regarding its use in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"7 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10948168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispensaries and Medical Marijuana Certifications and Indications: Unveiling the Geographic Connections in Pennsylvania, USA.","authors":"Annemarie G Hirsch, Eric A Wright, Cara M Nordberg, Joseph DeWalle, Elena L Stains, Amy L Kennalley, Joy Zhang, Lorraine D Tusing, Brian J Piper","doi":"10.1159/000537841","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pennsylvania opened its first medical marijuana (MMJ) dispensary in 2018. Qualifying conditions include six conditions determined to have no or insufficient evidence to support or refute MMJ effectiveness. We conducted a study to describe MMJ dispensary access in Pennsylvania and to determine whether dispensary proximity was associated with MMJ certifications and community demographics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Pennsylvania Department of Health, we geocoded MMJ dispensary locations and linked them to US Census Bureau data. We created dispensary access measures from the population-weighted centroid of Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs): distance to nearest dispensary and density of dispensaries within a 15-min drive. We evaluated associations between dispensary access and the proportion of adults who received MMJ certification and the proportion of certifications for low evidence conditions (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, glaucoma, Huntington's disease, opioid use disorder, and Parkinson's disease) using negative binomial modeling, adjusting for community features. To evaluate associations racial and ethnic composition of communities and distance to nearest dispensary, we used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for median income.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distance and density of MMJ dispensaries were associated with the proportion of the ZCTA population certified and the proportion of certifications for insufficient evidence conditions. Compared to ZCTAs with no dispensary within 15 min, the proportion of adults certified increased by up to 31% and the proportion of certifications for insufficient evidence decreased by up to 22% for ZCTAs with two dispensaries. From 2018 to 2021, the odds of being within five miles of a dispensary was up to 20 times higher in ZCTAs with the highest proportions of individuals who were not White (2019: OR: 20.14, CI: 10.7-37.8) and more than double in ZCTAs with the highest proportion of Hispanic individuals (2018: OR: 2.81, CI: 1.51-5.24), compared to ZCTAs with the lowest proportions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater dispensary access was associated with the proportions of certified residents and certifications for low evidence conditions. Whether these patterns are due to differences in accessibility or demand is unknown. Associations between community demographics and dispensary proximity may indicate MMJ access differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"7 1","pages":"34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10939510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Orally Fast Disintegrating Wafer Tablets Containing Cannabis Extract Using Freeze Drying Method","authors":"Chaowalit Monton, Poj Kulvanich, Natawat Chankana, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, T. Songsak","doi":"10.1159/000537926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000537926","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The development of a novel dosage form for cannabis extract is necessary to improve drug delivery and to also enhance patient convenience.\u0000Methods: Orally fast disintegrating wafer tablets containing cannabis extract, which were prepared using the freeze drying technique, were developed in this work. The formulation consisted of several key components: cannabis extract as the active compound, Tween® 80 as a surfactant and solubilizer, gelatin and mannitol as structural components, sucralose as a sweetening agent, and sodium methylparaben and sodium propylparaben as preservatives. \u0000Results: The optimized formulation consists of the following ingredients: 5% cannabis extract, 1.25% Tween® 80, 5% gelatin, 88.34% mannitol, 0.2% sucralose, 0.19% sodium methylparaben, and 0.02% sodium propylparaben. The resulting wafer tablets exhibited the following characteristics: a porous structure, an average weight of approximately 200 mg, minimal weight variation (less than 1.4%), slightly acidic pH (pH 5.12), disintegration within 10 s, low moisture content (less than 3%), a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of approximately 2.8 mg, and a cannabidiol content of approximately 0.9 mg. Additionally, the wafer tablets rapidly dissolved in simulated saliva fluid containing sodium lauryl sulfate. \u0000Conclusion: This work succeeded in the fabrication of orally disintegrating wafer tablets containing cannabis extract with desired properties.","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol-Derived Cannabinoids: The Unregulated Designer Drug Market Following the 2018 Farm Bill.","authors":"Charles N Zawatsky, Sara Mills-Huffnagle, Corinne M Augusto, Kent E Vrana, Jennifer E Nyland","doi":"10.1159/000536339","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this review, we summarize current scientific knowledge on psychoactive cannabinoids synthesized from cannabidiol (CBD) and sold in the semi-legal market established in response to the passage of the US Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, commonly known as the 2018 Farm Bill. The discussion focuses on recent developments that suggest this unregulated market may be fertile ground for a potential health crisis.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Current research into CBD-derived cannabinoids is mainly limited to Δ⁸-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁸-THC) products, with some recent publications beginning to explore O-acetyl-THC, a term describing the acetate ester of Δ⁸-THC or Δ⁹-THC, and its potential pulmonary toxicity. We advance the discussion on the CBD-derived cannabinoid market, shedding light on the introduction and associated dangers of novel cannabinoids, likely produced via fully synthetic routes using sidechain variants of CBD, with purportedly greater agonist activity at the human cannabinoid receptor 1 (as a source of euphorigenic activity) than Δ⁹-THC. We discuss the expanded incorporation of the acetate ester motif into other THC analogues. We also discuss the lack of regulatory oversight for the production of CBD-derived cannabinoids and the unlabeled presence of under-researched cannabinoids formed as reaction side products in the CBD-derived cannabinoid products being sold. Accordingly, we suggest approaches to monitoring the CBD-derived cannabinoid market and investigating the pharmacology of the cannabinoids being consumed. Finally, important epidemiological findings are discussed and future directions for research are suggested to call investigators to this critically understudied field.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The CBD-derived cannabinoid market is growing internationally, and the market has diversified to include potent synthetic cannabinoids. The products sold on this unregulated market are under-researched despite growing availability and consumer interest. Ernest investigation of the pharmacology of these novel cannabinoids and the contents of CBD-derived cannabinoid products is critical for monitoring this potential source of another vaping-related epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"7 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic Variability of Oral Cannabidiol and Its Major Metabolites after Short-Term High-Dose Exposure in Healthy Subjects.","authors":"Qingchen Zhang, Philip W Melchert, John S Markowitz","doi":"10.1159/000535726","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabidiol (CBD) is a widely utilized nonpsychoactive cannabinoid available as a prescriptive drug treatment and over-the-counter supplement. In humans, CBD is metabolized and forms the major active metabolite 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol (7-OH-CBD), which is further metabolized to 7-carboxy-cannabidiol (7-COOH-CBD). In the current study, plasma concentrations of CBD, 7-OH-CBD, and 7-COOH-CBD were measured, and the potential influences of sex, race, and body mass index (BMI) on the pharmacokinetic variability were assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples from a previously conducted CBD drug interaction study in healthy volunteers (<i>n</i> = 12) were utilized. The subjects received orally administered CBD (Epiodiolex^®), 750 mg twice daily for 3 days and a single dose on the 4th day. Nine plasma samples were collected, and plasma concentrations of CBD, 7-OH-CBD, and 7-COOH-CBD were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Peak plasma concentration (C_max), time to C_max (T_max), area under the curve (AUC), and metabolite-to-parent drug exposure ratios (MPR) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlations of C_max, AUC, and MPR of CBD, 7-OH-CBD, and 7-COOH-CBD in different sex, race, BMI, and body weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For CBD, the mean C_max was 389.17 ± 153.23 ng/mL, and the mean AUC was 1,542.19 ± 488.04 ng/mL*h. For 7-OH-CBD, the mean C_max was 81.35 ± 36.64 ng/mL, the mean AUC was 364.70 ± 105.59 ng/mL*h, and the mean MPR was 0.25 ± 0.07. For 7-COOH-CBD, the mean C_max was 1,717.33 ± 769.22 ng/mL, the mean AUC was 9,888.42 ± 3,961.47 ng/mL*h, and the mean MPR was 7.11 ± 3.48. For 7-COOH-CBD, a 2.25-fold higher C_max was observed in female subjects (<i>p</i> = 0.0155) and a 1.97-fold higher AUC for female subjects (<i>p</i> = 0.0285) with the normalization of body weight. A significant linearity (<i>p</i> = 0.0135) of 7-OH-CBD AUC with body weight in females was observed. No significant differences were identified in C_max, AUC, and PMR with race and BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Observed differences in sex were in agreement with previously reported findings. A larger population pharmacokinetics study is warranted to validate the observed higher C_max and AUC in females and significant linearity with body weight in females from the current study.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10824522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}