Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Full-Spectrum Cannabis Oil with a Cannabidiol:Tetrahydrocannabinol 2:1 Ratio on the Mechanisms Involved in Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed a Sucrose-Rich Diet.","authors":"Valentina Degrave, Michelle Berenice Vega Joubert, Paola Ingaramo, Daniela Sedan, Darío Andrinolo, María Eugenia D'Alessandro, María Eugenia Oliva","doi":"10.1159/000534610","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the effects of cannabis oil (cannabidiol:tetrahydrocannabinol [CBD:THC], 2:1 ratio) on the mechanisms involved in hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). We hypothesized that noninvasive oral cannabis oil administration improves hepatic steatosis through a lower activity of lipogenic enzymes and an increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) enzyme activity involved in the mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids. Furthermore, cannabis oil ameliorates liver oxidative stress through the regulation of the main regulatory factors involved, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NrF2) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) p65. For testing this hypothesize, a relevant experimental model of MS was induced by feeding rats with a SRD for 3 weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats were fed the following diets for 3 weeks: reference diet: standard commercial laboratory diet, SRD, and SRD + cannabis oil: noninvasive oral administration of 1 mg/kg body weight cannabis oil daily. The full-spectrum cannabis oil presents a total cannabinoid CBD:THC 2:1 ratio. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (AP), N-arachidonoylethanolamine or anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol endocannabinoids levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) were evaluated. In the liver tissue: histology, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS), triglycerides and cholesterol content, lipogenic enzyme activities (fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malic enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), enzyme related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (CPT-1), reactive oxygen species, TBARS, FRAP, glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase enzyme activities. 4-hydroxynonenal, NrF2, and NF-κB p65 levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that SRD-fed rats developed dyslipidemia, liver damage, hepatic steatosis (increase of key enzymes related to the novo fatty acid synthesis and decrease of key enzyme related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation), lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Hepatic NrF2 expression was significantly decreased and NF-κB p65 expression was increased. Cannabis oil administration improved dyslipidemia, liver damage, hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation (improving enzymes involved in lipid metabolism), and oxidative stress. In the liver tissue, NrF2 expression increased, and NF-κB p65 expression was reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study revealed new aspects of liver damage and steatosis, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in dyslipidemic insulin-","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"170-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10651182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Related Sleep Disturbances after Initiation of Medical Marijuana Use: Evidence from a Prospective Single Arm Pilot Study.","authors":"Krishna Vaddiparti, Yiyang Liu, Sarah Bottari, Carly Crump Boullosa, Zhi Zhou, Yan Wang, John Williamson, Robert L Cook","doi":"10.1159/000534710","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder experienced by a subgroup of individuals following a life-threatening trauma. Several US states have passed laws permitting the medical use of marijuana (MMJ) by individuals with PTSD, despite very little scientific indication on the appropriateness of marijuana as a therapy for PTSD. This prospective pilot study of adults with confirmed PTSD in Florida (FL) investigated whether PTSD symptoms, sleep quality, affect, and general physical and mental health/well-being improved post-initiation of MMJ treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants, <i>N</i> = 15, were recruited from two MMJ clinics in Gainesville and Jacksonville, FL. To be eligible, participants had to be 18 years of age or older, not currently on MMJ, and willing to abstain from recreational marijuana, if using any, until the State Medical Cannabis Card was obtained, screen positive for PTSD. Participants were assessed at baseline (pre-MMJ initiation) and 30 and 70 days post-MMJ initiation using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), PROMIS Global Health V1.2, and semi-structured marijuana and other substance use assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PTSD symptom severity as measured by total PCL-5 score improved significantly at 30- and 70-day follow-ups. Similarly, statistically significant reductions in nightmares were reported at 30- and 70-day follow-ups. Corresponding improvements in sleep were noticed with participants reporting increased duration of sleep hours, sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and total PSQI score. Likewise, negative affect and global mental health improved significantly at follow-up. According to the post hoc analyses, the most statistically significant changes occurred between baseline and 30-day follow-up. The exception to this pattern was nightmares, which did not show significant improvement until day 70.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the potential of MMJ in improving patient outcomes for those with PTSD, particularly concerning sleep disturbances, which often do not respond to currently available treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10642978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107591653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorption and Bioavailability of Novel UltraShear Nanoemulsion of Cannabidiol in Rats.","authors":"Mahmoud A ElSohly, Iram Shahzadi, Waseem Gul","doi":"10.1159/000534473","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabidiol (CBD) has several potential benefits and therapeutic uses, especially in pain, inflammation, and anxiety. CBD has high hydrophobicity and very low solubility in water. CBD has also shown exceptionally low oral-gastrointestinal (oral-GI) bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to examine the oral gastrointestinal absorption and subsequent bioavailability of CBD in a nanoemulsion formulation prepared by Pressure BioSciences' UltraShear^TM technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CBD nanoemulsion (2%) was provided by Pressure BioSciences, Inc. (South Easton, MA), and CBD pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats using LC-MS/MS technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioavailability of orally delivered CBD UltraShear nanoemulsion was calculated to be 18.6% at 6 h and 25.4% at 24 h. While oral-GI bioavailability is unsurprisingly limited by first-pass metabolism, it is nonetheless notable that CBD bioavailability for oral-GI UltraShear nanoemulsion CBD is roughly 3-4x higher than the typical bioavailability for oral-GI CBD delivered in oil solution or conventional edible formats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has provided a compelling demonstration of unprecedented speed and efficiency of oral-GI CBD absorption of CBD UltraShear nanoemulsions, achieving 10% of levels achieved for direct IV injection within 30 min and 80% of IV levels in 24 h. Notably, within just the first hour post-administration, the bioavailability of oral CBD from UltraShear nanoemulsion formulation exceeded the typical 6% total CBD oral bioavailability benchmarks reported for CBD edibles and ultimately achieved 3-4X these levels within 6-24 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"148-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10629855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Two Cannabidiol Oil Products on Self-Reported Stress Relief: A Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Mohammed Faraj, Tyler Dautrich, Leslie Lundahl, Hilary Marusak","doi":"10.1159/000531886","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Estimated rates of past-month cannabidiol (CBD) use in the general public are 13-26% and emerging research examines CBD as a potential adjunct treatment for several medical conditions, including stress-related disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, and chronic pain). However, little is known about the effects of different CBD products on self-reported stress. The present study compared the effects of two delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-free CBD tincture products - (1) an isolate CBD oil and (2) a broad spectrum CBD oil - on self-ratings of effectiveness of the product and ability to manage stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study reports on a total of 374 participants who completed either a 30- or 60-day regimen. Participants were instructed to use a 1,000 mg CBD isolate product at will, and then switch over to a 1,000 mg broad spectrum product for the remainder of the regimen (i.e., next 15 or 30 days). Self-reported effectiveness of the product and its ability to help manage stress was compared between the isolate and broad spectrum products. We also examined overall impression, quality, taste, and adverse effects of each product.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, both products were rated to be highly effective and able to assist with stress management. Participants reported that the broad spectrum product's effectiveness (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and ability to reduce stress (<i>p</i> < 0.001) as greater than the isolate product across both regimens. However, participants preferred the taste of the isolate product over that of the broad spectrum across regimens (<i>p</i> < 0.05). For the 30-day regimen, participants reported a more positive overall impression of the isolate as compared to the broad spectrum (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, overall impression did not differ between the products in the 60-day regimen. There was no difference in adverse effects or quality between the products, across both regimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results fit with prior studies suggesting anti-stress effects of CBD. Ratings were higher for the broad spectrum as compared to the isolate product, which is consistent with prior data suggesting that cannabinoids can work synergistically to maximize benefits. Nonetheless, more controlled studies are needed to explore these effects in nonclinical and clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10629851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuro-Gastro-Cannabinology: A Novel Paradigm for Regulating Mood and Digestive Health.","authors":"Fabio Turco, Viola Brugnatelli, Raquel Abalo","doi":"10.1159/000534007","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The maintenance of homeostasis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is ensured by the presence of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which regulates important physiological activities, such as motility, permeability, fluid secretion, immunity, and visceral pain sensation. Beside its direct effects on the GI system, the ECS in the central nervous system indirectly regulates GI functions, such as food intake and energy balance. Mounting evidence suggests that the ECS may play an important role in modulating central neurotransmission which affects GI functioning. It has also been found that the interaction between the ECS and microbiota affects brain and gut activity in a bidirectional manner, and a number of studies demonstrate that there is a strong relationship between GI dysfunctions and mood disorders. Thus, microbiota can regulate the tone of the ECS. Conversely, changes in intestinal ECS tone may influence microbiota composition. In this mini-review, we propose the concept of neuro-gastro-cannabinology as a novel and alternative paradigm for studying and treating GI disorders that affect mood, as well as mood disorders that imbalance GI physiology. This concept suggests the use of prebiotics or probiotics for improving the tone of the ECS, as well as the use of phytocannabinoids or endocannabinoid-like molecules, such as palmitoylethanolamide, to restore the normal intestinal microbiota. This approach may be effective in ameliorating the negative effects of GI dysfunctions on mood and/or the effects of mood disorders on digestive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10618907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71424868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrahydrocannabinol in Pediatrics: Room for Improvement?","authors":"Charlotte de Gier, Christian Scharinger, Rosa H Stark, Philipp Steurer, Claudia M Klier","doi":"10.1159/000533607","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of medical cannabis in pediatrics is not common in clinical practice, and there is a lack of prospective studies, especially in pediatric subpopulations. This study aimed to provide data on the off-label administration of tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) in a pediatric tertiary center in Austria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective data analysis was performed to assess the use of ∆9-THC at the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine at the Comprehensive Center of Pediatrics (Medical University Vienna) from 2016 to 2018. The use of ∆9-THC in the Pediatric Department at the Medical University Vienna between 2016 and 2018 was analyzed using a retrospective design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common diagnoses of patients receiving ∆9-THC were brain cancer and genetic diseases, including inborn metabolic disorders. The 32 patients who had received ∆9-THC had an arithmetic mean of 9.42 diagnoses and were treated with an arithmetic mean of 13.52 other drugs. Eleven of the 32 patients died by the end of the study period, indicating palliative use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data shows that only severely ill patients were treated with ∆9-THC. A lack of information on the drug's indications, duration, and dosage was noticed in the files, which could represent problems for patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10601896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71412907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts for the 2023 Cannabis Clinical Outcomes Research Conference (CCORC)","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000534044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000534044","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ketamine is an anesthetic that has been proven to treat chronic pain via clinical trials; yet there is a gap in knowledge regarding the impact of the concomitant use of ketamine and cannabis on pain severity. This study examined cannabis consumers who participated in a pilot Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) intervention study to examine pain severity. Methods: A subanalysis of regular cannabis consumers from a pilot intervention study comparing psychedelic (n=5) and psycholytic (n=5) KAP approaches were analyzed. Participants were placed into one of the two one a week for 6-weeks-long treatment groups based on the recommendations of their integrative pain management physician. The Brief Pain Inventory Short Form was administered via redcap to measure severity of pain and impact of pain on daily functioning via scores collected prior to and after participant’s first, third, and sixth treatment sessions. Data was analyzed via SAS to compare pain severity at each timepoint. Results: There were no statistically significant differences observed between the psy-chedelic and psycholytic KAP treatment’s impact on participants’ pain severity at any time points of the study (T-1, p =.85), (T-2, p =.34), (T-3, p = .67). The psychedelic group’s mean pain severity decreased by 21.88% from baseline to treatment termination, while the psycholytic group’s mean pain severity decreased by 3.39%. Furthermore, the psychedelic group saw a steady mean decrease in pain severity over time with a halt at the third session. We noticed a 4.69% decrease between baseline and session one, no change between session one and session three, and a 18.03%","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings of the 2023 Cannabis Clinical Outcomes Research Conference.","authors":"Amie J Goodin,&nbsp;Phuong T Tran,&nbsp;Sam McKee,&nbsp;Ruba Sajdeya,&nbsp;Jeevan Jyot,&nbsp;Robert L Cook,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Almut G Winterstein","doi":"10.1159/000533943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000533943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Consortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes Research, a multi-university collaboration established by the state of Florida in the USA, hosted its third annual Cannabis Clinical Outcomes Research Conference (CCORC) in May 2023. CCORC was held as a hybrid conference, with a scientific program consisting of in-person sessions, with some sessions livestreamed to virtual attendees. CCORC facilitated and promoted up-to-date research on the clinical effects of medical cannabis, fostering collaboration and active involvement among scientists, policymakers, industry professionals, clinicians, and other stakeholders. Three themes emerged from conference sessions and speaker presentations: (1) disentangling conflicting evidence for the effects of medical cannabis on public health, (2) seeking solutions to address barriers faced when conducting clinical cannabis research - especially with medical cannabis use in special populations such as those who are pregnant, and (3) unpacking the data behind cannabis use and mental health outcomes. The fourth annual CCORC is planned for the summer of 2024 in Florida, USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10601943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71412906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Cannabis Alleviates Chronic Neuropathic Pain Effectively and Sustainably without Severe Adverse Effect: A Retrospective Study on 99 Cases.","authors":"Lan Kluwe, Christian Scholze, Lisa Marie Schmidberg, Julian Lukas Wichmann, Mihail Gemkov, Martin Julian Keller, Said C Farschtschi","doi":"10.1159/000531667","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medical cannabis may provide a treatment option for chronic neuropathic pain. However, empirical disease-specific data are scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective observational study including 99 patients with chronic neuropathic pain. These patients received medical cannabis by means of inhaling dried flowers with tetrahydrocannabinol content of <12-22% at a maximal daily dose of 0.15-1 g. Up to six follow-ups were carried out at intervals of 4-6 weeks. Pain severity, sleep disturbance, general improvement, side effects, and therapy tolerance at the follow-up consultations were assessed in interviews and compared with the baseline data using non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within 6 weeks on the therapy, median of the pain scores decreased significantly from 7.5 to 4.0 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The proportion of patients with severe pain (score >6) decreased from 96% to 16% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Sleep disturbance was significantly improved with the median of the scores decreased from 8.0 to 2.0 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These improvements were sustained over a period of up to 6 months. There were no severe adverse events reported. Mild side effects reported were dryness in mucous tissue (5.4%), fatigue (4.8%), and increased appetite (2.7%). Therapy tolerance was reported in 91% of the interviews.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Medical cannabis is safe and highly effective for treating neuropathic pain and concomitant sleep disturbance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10601926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71412905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term, Self-Dosing CBD Users: Indications, Dosage, and Self-Perceptions on General Health/Symptoms and Drug Use.","authors":"Robert Kaufmann, Amber Harris Bozer, Amanda Kube Jotte, Keith Aqua","doi":"10.1159/000531666","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Self-dosing of off-the-shelf cannabidiol (CBD) for a myriad of health conditions is common in the USA. These CBD products are often mislabeled, suggesting that much less or much more CBD is being consumed than indicated on the label. This study examined the relationship between long-term self-dosing of CBD and (a) indications and, when a verified concentration of CBD is being consumed, (b) the daily CBD dosage, (c) the impact on general health and symptoms, and (d) over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) drug usage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>US adults 18-75 years of age who had used unverified CBD products for >1 month were recruited to participate in this decentralized, observational, IRB-approved study and provided a concentration-verified CBD product of their choice from 15 different vendors for 4 weeks. Prior to receiving product, they were queried on their primary reason for use (PRfU), primary symptom for use (PSfU), general health score (GHS), symptom score (SS), OTC and Rx drug use, and daily CBD dose. Individuals were queried daily on OTC and Rx drug use and CBD dose and weekly on SS and GHS prior to (pre-CBD) and after (post-CBD) ingestion of CBD on that day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PRfU included chronic pain, mental health, general health and wellness, sleep disorders, the central nervous system, digestive health, and others, while the PSfU included anxiety, back and/or joint pain, sleep, inflammation, and others. The mean daily dose was normally distributed, with a mean, median, and range of 53.1, 40.8, 8-390 mg/day, respectively. For both GHS and SS, the post-CBD was significantly higher than the pre-CBD score for each category of PRfU. The GHS scores did not change over the study, but pre- and post-CBD SS improved over time, with pre-improving more than post-CBD SS. The percentage of individuals decreasing or completely stopping OTC drugs or Rx drugs over the 4 weeks was 31.2% and 19.2%, respectively, with those taking CBD for chronic pain, decreasing drug use the most. OTC and Rx drug usage decreased when the CBD dose was changed and when GHS and SS improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pain, mental health (primarily anxiety/stress), and sleep are the most common reasons for CBD use. Self-administration of CBD reduced OTC and Rx drug usage at daily doses less than those reported in controlled studies. CBD self-administration significantly improves self-perception of general health and decreases symptom severity, and as these improve, fewer OTC and Rx drugs are used.</p>","PeriodicalId":18415,"journal":{"name":"Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids","volume":"6 1","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10601936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71412904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}