Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

{"title":"The Global Burden of Metabolic Risk in Cardiovascular Disease: Trends in Disability-Adjusted Life Years from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2019.","authors":"Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Marzieh Mahmudimanesh","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0050","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Metabolic risk factors significantly elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are recognized as one of the primary contributors to these conditions. This study explored the trends and percentage changes in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to metabolic risk factors for CVD from 1990 to 2019. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from the Global Burden of Disease study was utilized to depict changes across metabolic risk factors by sociodemographic indices and sex groups. The Mann-Kendall test was employed to ascertain the significance of these trends. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The findings indicate that the DALY percentage change over these years was more pronounced in low-middle and middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries than in others. The most substantial percentage increase, approximately 60%, was observed in regions with low SDI, attributed to high body mass index (BMI). On average, the greatest DALYs were associated with high systolic blood pressure (SBP). Moreover, the trend for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high SBP declined in countries with high SDI. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It can be concluded that to mitigate the global mortality and morbidity from heart diseases, there needs to be a focused emphasis on managing metabolic risk factors, particularly in low-Middle and middle SDI countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"567-574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive Liver Fibrosis Indices as Indicators of Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Hande Erman, Banu Boyuk, Seyma Arslan, Seydahmet Akin, Özcan Keskin","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0022","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more prevalent in patients with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which are risk factors for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. NAFLD is related to cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes. We aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetic complications and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Three hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were retrospectively evaluated according to NAFLD diagnosis on ultrasound in outpatient clinic. Risk of advanced fibrosis was estimated using FIB-4 and NFS. Diabetic complications of the patients were noted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Presence of diabetic retinopathy is related to FIB-4 (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and NFS (<i>P</i> < 0.001) scores. NFS score (<i>P</i> = 0.037), not FIB-4 (<i>P</i> = 0.517), is related to diabetic nephropathy. Among macrovascular complications, only coronary artery disease is related to NFS and FIB-4 scores (<i>P</i> = 0.037 and <i>P</i> = 0.004, respectively). Although we cannot establish any association between fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values and noninvasive liver fibrosis scores (<i>P</i> > 0.05), diabetes duration, and age positively correlated with the FIB-4 score (<i>P</i> = 0.033, <i>P</i> = 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, NFS > 0.676 values are associated with increased rates of diabetic retinopathy, independent of age, sex, HbA1c, and duration diabetes (odds ratio: 1.155, <i>P</i> = 0.030). FIB-4 has no relation with microvascular complications according to logistic regression analysis (<i>P</i> > 0.05 for all). Neither FIB-4 nor NFS has an effect on the presence of macrovascular complications (<i>P</i> > 0.05 for all). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings suggest that increase in NFS score is associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy, independent of confounding factors. Further studies are needed on the applicability of noninvasive fibrosis scores in monitoring the presence of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"619-625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance on Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Scores in Adults with Overweight and Obesity.","authors":"Emily E Grammer, Joshua E McGee, Allison N Bartlett, Taylor T Brown, Marie C Clunan, Anna C Huff, Briceida G Osborne, Laura E Matarese, Walter J Pories, Joseph A Houmard, Robert A Carels, Mark A Sarzynski, Damon L Swift","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0180","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> An elevated lipoprotein insulin resistance (LP-IR) score corresponds to insulin resistance in adults with overweight and obesity, yet data are lacking regarding the impact of exercise interventions on LP-IR. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to evaluate the effects of a weight loss and weight maintenance intervention on LP-IR score in adults with overweight and obesity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty sedentary adults with overweight and obesity completed a 10-week OPTIFAST^® weight loss program with supervised aerobic exercise to achieve clinical weight loss (CWL) (≥7% from baseline). Aerobic exercise volume increased weekly until 700 MET min/week was reached. Participants who reached CWL were randomized to groups at volumes at either physical activity (PA-REC) or weight maintenance (WM-REC) recommendations (weeks 11-28). Plasma blood samples were analyzed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline, after weight loss (week 10), and following weight maintenance (week 28). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Following the weight loss phase, on average, participants significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) reduced LP-IR score (-12.1 ± 13.5), body weight (-8.9 ± 2.7%), and waist circumference (-7.7 ± 4.1 cm). During the weight maintenance phase, there were no changes in LP-IR score between exercise groups (PA-REC: 4.1 ± 13.6; WM-REC: -2.0 ± 11.2; <i>P</i> = 0.7). The PA-REC group had improvements in LP-IR score from baseline (49.8 ± 24.6 to 36.6 ± 27.6, <i>P</i> < 0.001), yet there were no within-group changes during the weight maintenance phase (<i>P</i> > 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> LP-IR score improved during weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity and were sustained during the weight maintenance phase in the PA-REC group. Aerobic exercise at least at minimum guidelines following CWL can preserve LP-IR score improvements and may indicate a reduced T2DM risk in adults with overweight and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"598-607"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen Time and Hours of Sleep Influence the Estimate Risk of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Young Males.","authors":"Carolina Costa-Santos, Gabriella Guarilha Costa Dias Mattar, Ronan Antonio Fuziwara, Jorge Alexandre de Araújo Peres, Márcia Silva Queiroz","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0065","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Screen time (ST) has shown negative effects on physical and mental health, with an increase in the prevalence of overweight, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and obesity. The time spent in front of the screens was also associated with higher odds of selecting indicators of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. In view of this, the aim of this study was to identify the risk of MetS and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in healthy young males and relate it to ST and sleep time. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We evaluated physical and laboratory characteristics, dichotomous diagnosis criteria, and continuous scores to assess MetS and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score questionnaire to measure the T2DM risk. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The means of MetS dichotomous and continuous severity criteria, among individuals with <7 hr of sleep, were higher than those with adequate sleep. We did not observe a direct impact of ST on the risk of MetS; nevertheless, >8 hr of ST increased 1.22 points in the T2DM risk. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Excessive ST increased the risk of T2DM, but not of MetS. Moreover, sleeping <7 hr was associated with a higher mean of dichotomous and continuous severity criteria for MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"626-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Brain Alterations in Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive MRI Volumetric Analysis of Subcortical and Associated Structures.","authors":"Hatice Cakir, Mukadder Sunar, Sonay Aydın, Osman Kagan Cakir, Ersan Gursoy","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0048","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aims to elucidate the comprehensive effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the structural integrity of subcortical brain regions and associated structures through high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric analysis, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the neuroanatomical dimensions of MetS and its potential implications for cognitive functions and overall brain health. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional design was implemented, involving 25 individuals diagnosed with MetS for at least one year and a healthy control group of 15 individuals at a tertiary hospital's family medicine clinic in Eastern Turkey. Participants underwent a high-resolution MRI scan using a 1.5T Siemens Aera scanner. The MRICloud platform was employed for comprehensive segmentation and quantitative analysis of various brain structures. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study revealed significant volumetric reductions in all measured subcortical brain regions among individuals with MetS compared to the control group (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Notable differences were observed in key structures such as the substantia nigra, corpus callosum, and thalamus. In subcortical structures, the largest volumetric differences were noted in the basal ganglia L (1322.4 mm³), while the most significant percentage differences were seen in the substantia nigra R (25.24%) and caudate nucleus L (21.02%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The findings from this study underscore the significant neuroanatomical changes associated with MetS, manifesting as volumetric reductions in critical subcortical brain areas. These alterations underscore the necessity for further research into the comprehensive influence of MetS on cognitive processes and the potential for early therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"583-590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Transient Elastography with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Nazar Akhverdyan, Amanda Wieland, Shelby Sullivan, Mark Lindsay, Sheila Swartwood, Gretchen Arndt, Laura Katherine Kaizer, Thomas Jensen","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0115","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Current guidelines recommend the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), especially in patients with comorbid diabetes and obesity. This study investigated the effects of GLP-1RAs on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with MASLD, as measured by changes in vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and other clinical parameters in a real-world clinical setting. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of 96 patients with MASLD from a multidisciplinary care clinic who completed VCTE at baseline and follow-up within 6-24 months to compare changes in controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), as well as other metabolic markers, between GLP-1RA users and nonusers using two-sample <i>t</i>-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. We also assessed whether improvements in hepatic steatosis, defined as a change in CAP >38 dB/m as previously described in the literature, were associated with improvement in fibrosis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> GLP-1RA use resulted in significant improvements in weight (-8.1 kg vs. -3.5 kg, <i>P</i> = 0.009), body mass index (BMI) (-2.9 kg/m² vs. -1.3 kg/m², <i>P</i> = 0.012), alanine aminotransferase (-15.0 IU/L vs. -4.0 IU/L, <i>P</i> = 0.017), aspartate aminotransferase (-5.0 IU/L vs. -1.0 IU/L, <i>P</i> = 0.021), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (-0.7% vs. 0.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.019), and CAP (-59.9 dB/m vs. -29.1 dB/m, <i>P</i> = 0.016). Responders also had significant improvements in weight (-9.2 kg vs. -1.9 kg, <i>P</i> < 0.001), BMI (-3.3 kg/m² vs. -0.7 kg/m², <i>P</i> < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-6.1 mmHg vs. -0.7 mmHg, <i>P</i> = 0.028), HbA1c (-0.8% vs. 0.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and LSM (-1.5 kPa vs. 0.1 kPa, <i>P</i> < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Patients with MASLD treated with GLP-1RAs showed significant improvements in hepatic steatosis and multiple other metabolic parameters, with weight loss as the proposed mechanism for this liver improvement. In addition, change in CAP >38 dB/m was associated with improvements in LSM and other metabolic parameters, suggesting the clinical utility of VCTE in the surveillance of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"608-618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults: Findings from the IRanian Longitudinal Study on Ageing.","authors":"Ali Gholami, Azam Doustmohammadian, Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran, Nayyereh Aminisani, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Hamid Abasi, Mitra Hariri","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0049","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> There are some studies without consensus on the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and few studies among elderly participants; therefore, the aim of this study is evaluating the association between MetS and HRQoL between elderly participants after adjusting for possible confounding factors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with the data from baseline phase of the IRanian Longitudinal Study on Ageing. The MetS diagnosis was conducted based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The participants were 3452 subjects aged ≥60 years with and without MetS. The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran version of the SF-12 questionnaire was used to examine subjects' perspectives on their well-being and general health level. The association between MetS and HRQoL was evaluated through multivariable linear regression model after adjusting for possible covariates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> MetS independently had an inverse association with subscales of HRQoL including physical functioning, physical problems, general health, social functioning, and emotional problems, even after fully adjusting for studied confounding factors. An inverse association was also observed between MetS and both mental component summary and physical component summary in the fully adjusted model. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Older adults with MetS had a relatively worse physical and mental HRQoL in comparison with individuals without MetS. Independent of any underlying factors, the inverse association of MetS with HRQoL emphasizes the necessity of routine screening and treatment of MetS in older populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"575-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Flash Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Danrui Chen,Beisi Lin,Zhigu Liu,Mengyun Lei,Yanling Yang,Bin Yao,Jinhua Yan,Daizhi Yang,Wen Xu","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effect of the real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) and flash glucose monitoring (FGM) on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: A systematic literature search of all relevant studies comparing the clinical effectiveness of rt-CGM and FGM in adults with T1DM on Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2015 to June 2023 was performed. The primary endpoints were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and TIR (time in range). Secondary endpoints included time below range [TBR (<3.9 mmol/L) and (<3.0 mmol/L)], time above range [TAR (>10.0 mmol/L) and (>13.9 mmol/L)], mean glucose, and glycemic variability (GV) [standard deviations (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV)]. Results: Six studies with 1516 TIDM patients, including three randomized controlled trials and three observational studies, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Compared to FGM, rt-CGM led to greater glycemic control, represented by higher TIR (%, 3.9 ∼ 10 mmol/L) (SMD = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.37 ∼ 0.81, p < 0.001), decreased TBR (%, <3.9 mmol/L) (SMD = -1.45, 95%CI: -2.33 ∼ -0.57, p = 0.001), decreased TAR [(%, >10.0 mmol/L) (SMD = -0.38, 95%CI: -0.71 ∼ -0.04, p = 0.03) and (%, >13.9 mmol/L) (SMD = -0.42, 95%CI: -0.79 ∼ -0.04, p = 0.03), respectively], lower mean glucose (SMD = -0.18, 95%CI: -0.31 ∼ -0.06, p = 0.003), decreased SD (SMD = -0.70, 95%CI: -1.09 ∼ -0.31, p < 0.001), and decreased CV (SMD = -0.76, 95%CI: -1.05 ∼ -0.47, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference in lowering HbA1c and TBR (%, <3.0 mmol/L) between groups. Conclusion: The rt-CGM outperformed FGM in improving several key CGM metrics among adults with T1DM, but there is no significant difference in HbA1c and TBR (<3.0 mmol/L).","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Cluster Analysis to Identify Metabolic Syndrome Components and Physical Fitness in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Şafak Yiğit, Buket Akıncı, Büşra Ülker Ekşi, Damla Korkmaz Dayıcan, Fulya Çalıkoğlu, Yusuf Çelik, İpek Yeldan, İlhan Satman","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0041","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Physical inactivity and reduced physical fitness are associated with one or more components of MetS. However, MetS has many components, and the unclear relationship between the components and physical fitness parameters can provide a plain and straightforward understanding of the clustering method. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To identify the relationship between physical fitness parameters, physical activity levels, and components of MetS using hierarchical cluster analysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> One hundred twenty-one patients (mean age = 51.4 ± 7.1/years, F:90, M:31) who were diagnosed as having MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were included in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, (SBP and DBP), were evaluated. Body composition (waist and hip circumference, (WC and HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and visceral fat), upper and lower extremity muscle strength (dynamometer), and functional exercise capacity [6-minute walk test (6MWT)] were assessed as physical fitness parameters. Physical activity levels were assessed using a pedometer and number of steps (NS) was determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the patients, 45.5% were diagnosed as having MetS based on four components. The dendrogram consisted of two main clusters and four subclusters. The main cluster I composed of BMI, HC, WC, visceral fat, HDL-C, percent fat, SBP, DBP, and percent quadriceps. The main cluster II comprised FPG, TG, WHR, handgrip strength, 6MWT, and NS. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> MetS components clustered with different physical fitness parameters. The clusters in the dendrogram can provide substantial implications for heterogeneous MetS components and physical fitness parameters. Future studies are needed to elucidate the effectiveness of dendrogram-derived exercise programs in MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"558-565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Pathological Changes in Liver Lobes During Liver Disease: A Perspective Review.","authors":"Carla Cristina de Oliveira Bernardo, Guilherme Godoy, Wilson Eik Filho, Rui Curi, Roberto Barbosa Bazotte","doi":"10.1089/met.2023.0311","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2023.0311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver diseases have a global prevalence of 25%, accounting for 4% of all deaths worldwide, and are associated with a 36% increased risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease constitutes the liver expression of metabolic syndrome and represents the primary type of liver disease. Microscopical analysis of biopsies, which allows the evaluation of a small portion of tissue with inferences made to the entire organ, is considered the gold standard for determining the presence of liver diseases. However, potential sampling errors in liver biopsies are conceivable because the obtained tissue represents only a tiny fraction of the entire liver mass and may not accurately reflect the true pathological state. Studies have demonstrated the existence of sampling errors in liver biopsies, particularly concerning the severity of inflammation, degree of fibrosis, and the presence of cirrhosis. Also, clinical studies have shown that histopathological abnormalities are better detected in humans when liver samples are collected from both the right and the left lobes. However, a gap exists in clinical investigation to clarify the role of differences between these lobes in improving the diagnostic and prognostic for liver diseases. Building upon the heterogeneous nature of pathological alterations observed in liver lobes, this perspective review provided recommendations to enhance the precision of diagnosis and prognostic accuracy of liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"494-498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}