Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the Potential of Different Anthropometric Indices in Predicting the Risk of Diabetes and Associated Co-morbidities.","authors":"Shivam Verma, Ritu Tiwari, Narsingh Verma, Shraddha Singh, Ajay Kumar Verma, Anupam Mittal","doi":"10.1177/15578518261451972","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261451972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes, a chronic disorder, is showing a rapidly increasing trend globally. India holds the second position in the global diabetes epidemic. The present investigation is an assessment of different anthropometric measurements and their association with type 2 diabetes to determine their diagnostic potential for diabetes as well as its co-morbidities. In this cross-sectional study, we have measured anthropometric parameters and blood biomarkers in subjects with diabetes. We have presented the comparisons of cost- and time-effective anthropometric variable with costly and time-dependent biochemical variables in control and diabetic groups (<i>n</i> = 233/group). Correlations between anthropometric variables and biochemical measurements, as well as the diagnostic utility of anthropometric variables for diabetes, were evaluated. The diagnostic utility of anthropometric variables for diabetes was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Neck circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), skinfold thickness, and body roundness index (BRI) displayed high specificity and diagnostic utility for diabetes, emphasizing their potential in predicting diabetes and the further development of metabolic syndrome. The study highlights the importance of cost- and time-effective anthropometric assessments in diabetes risk evaluation and calls for further research to elucidate this intricate relationship and develop personalized management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"343-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148032540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dynamic Nomogram to Predict Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Wen Ren, Yang Zheng, Yujing Sun, Shuai Li, Mingmin Chen, Ruoshu Duan, Jingjing Ren","doi":"10.1177/15578518261478894","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261478894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves multiple metabolic disorders. This study aimed to identify high-risk populations for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with MetS and to establish a dynamic predictive nomogram.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 627 patients with MetS from six regions in Zhejiang Province were enrolled and categorized into MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups, then randomly assigned to training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Independent predictors of MAFLD were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses. These predictors were then used to construct a dynamic nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 627 patients with MetS were included in the final analysis, of whom 77.0% (483/627) were diagnosed with MAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level as independent risk factors for MAFLD. MetS-defined dysglycemia showed the highest odds ratio (OR) for MAFLD development [OR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-3.29]. Although the number of MetS components and the metabolic syndrome score were significantly associated with MAFLD in univariate analysis, they were not independently associated with MAFLD in the multivariate model. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was developed and internally validated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.787-0.880) in the training set and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.771-0.899) in the validation set, indicating strong predictive performance. Bootstrap internal validation demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes in calibration curves. Decision curve analysis further indicated favorable clinical applicability of the nomogram.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMI, WC, TC, ALT, MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level are independent risk factors for MAFLD. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was successfully developed and validated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"363-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin Adherence and Risk of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An International Matched Cohort Study with Independent Validation.","authors":"Ying-Hsuan Tai, Hsueh-Yun Lee, Pai-Hao Huang, Wan-Ting Chen, Li-Nien Chien, Lung Chan, Chien-Tai Hong","doi":"10.1177/15578518261454613","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261454613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metformin is a popular first-line glucose-lowering medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although metformin reduces the risks of various complications of diabetes, its potential to cause polyneuropathy by depleting vitamin B12 levels is concerning. This study investigated whether the adherence or discontinuation of metformin after adding-on a second-line antiglycemic agent increases the risk of polyneuropathy in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from TriNetX were obtained, and patients with T2DM who were receiving second-line antiglycemic agents were divided into metformin-adherent and metformin-nonadherent groups based on prescription claims data. Neuropathy incidence was evaluated using diagnostic claims and nerve conduction examinations. For independent confirmation and external validation of the primary findings, we used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, 58,027 patients were included in each group. Compared with metformin adherent patients, metformin nonadherent patients had a higher risk of polyneuropathy (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.29; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Risks of diabetic foot ulcer, amputation, neuropathy-related medication use, and bone fracture were also higher among nonadherent patients. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings. In the validation NHIRD cohort (31,384 matched pairs), metformin nonadherence remained associated with increased polyneuropathy risk (aHR 1.25; 95% CI 1.10-1.42; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metformin adherence in patients with T2DM who require second-line treatment may reduce the risk of polyneuropathy; vitamin B supplementation may enhance this benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"353-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148032500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme Temperature and Incident Diabetes Risk Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A National Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Yizhan Wu, Han Shi, Li Zhang, Wenhui Shi, Laiyang Song, Jiangwei Liu","doi":"10.1177/15578518261470093","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261470093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The metabolic consequences of extreme temperature exposure in nondiabetic populations remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine associations between heatwave and coldwave exposure and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1803 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study participants aged ≥45 years with normoglycemia at baseline were followed from Wave 1 (2011) to Wave 3 (2015). Eighteen extreme-temperature indicators were derived from city-level fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis data. Outcomes were classified according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) were pooled across five imputed datasets, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (α = 0.0028) and sensitivity analysis adjusting for individual follow-up duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All nine heatwave indicators showed odds ratios (ORs) < 1.0 for DM and IGT. HT9 (≥97.5th percentile, ≥4 consecutive days) was the sole Bonferroni-significant result: OR = 0.845 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.802-0.890). Coldwave indicators showed no consistent associations. Age significantly modified the HT9 effect (<i>P</i>-interaction = 0.004): adults aged 65-84 showed a stronger inverse association (OR = 0.616) than those aged < 65 (OR = 0.921).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged heatwave exposure was consistently associated with reduced diabetes risk, with pronounced age heterogeneity. Replication in larger prospective studies is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"374-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uric Acid-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio is Associated with Hepatic Steatosis but Not Fibrosis in Nonobese Adults: A NHANES 2017-2020 Study.","authors":"Linwan Li, Xiang'an Zhao","doi":"10.1177/15578518261470095","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261470095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has traditionally been regarded as a disease closely related to obesity, its prevalence is gradually rising in nonobese populations. The uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) is a novel metabolic biomarker that has been shown to be associated with MASLD. However, its role in nonobese individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between UHR and nonobese MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2017 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. UHR was calculated as the serum uric acid (UA) divided by the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Liver steatosis (using controlled attenuation parameters, CAP) and fibrosis (using liver stiffness measurement, LSM) were evaluated through vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Multivariate linear regression was employed to evaluate associations. Nonlinear relationships were examined using smoothed curve fitting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This analysis included 3573 participants (47.41% male; aged 20-80 years). Log₂-UHR was positively associated with CAP (β = 9.96, 95% CI: 6.93-12.98, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and MASLD prevalence (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.38-1.95, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions by sex, age, ethnicity, and smoking status (all <i>P</i> for interaction < 0.05), with stronger associations in females, adults aged 40-59 years, individuals of other Hispanic ethnicity, and never-smokers. Moreover, the association between log₂-UHR and CAP was linear and positive (<i>P</i> < 0.01). No significant association was found between log₂-UHR and LSM (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UHR is independently associated with hepatic steatosis but not fibrosis in nonobese US adults, suggesting its potential utility as an early risk assessment to tool. Large scale prospective studies are needed in the future to further validate the conclusions of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Severe Mental Illness?","authors":"Neslihan Cansel, Merve Çelik Özer, Şahide Nur İpek Melez, Şeyma Yaşar","doi":"10.1177/15578518261451959","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261451959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with severe mental disorders (SMD) are at substantially elevated risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), contributing to excess cardiovascular morbidity and premature mortality. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with dysregulation of metabolic pathways, yet their contribution to MetS risk in SMD remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and MetS in outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) in clinical remission and to identify independent and incremental predictors of MetS using a hierarchical analytical framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 140 outpatients with SMD (96 with BD and 44 with SZ) in clinical remission, recruited from a university hospital in Eastern Turkey. MetS was defined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria, and ACEs were assessed using the Turkish version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale (ACE-TR). Hierarchical and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with MetS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS was highly prevalent in this sample (46.4%). ACE-TR total score was independently and consistently associated with MetS across all hierarchical models (odds ratio [OR] range: 1.68-1.77), with each one-unit increase conferring approximately 71% higher odds in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.32; <i>P</i> = 0.001). The number of hospitalizations was the only other independently associated variable (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.02-1.39). Sexual abuse (16.9% vs. 2.7%; <i>P</i> = 0.004), emotional neglect (63.1% vs. 30.7%; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and physical neglect (30.8% vs. 14.7%; <i>P</i> = 0.022) were significantly more prevalent in the MetS group. ACE-TR total score was positively correlated with waist circumference and triglyceride levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The strong and consistent association between ACEs and MetS underscores the importance of trauma-informed care models in psychiatric practice, where metabolic comorbidity remains a leading cause of premature mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"335-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147982221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing Protein 3 rs2896019 and MASLD Susceptibility and Severity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.","authors":"Wei-Yue Lim, Rosmawati Mohamed, Yuh-Fen Pung, Hak-Keith Leung, Rong-Xiang Ng, Shamsul Mohd Zain","doi":"10.1177/15578518261443934","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261443934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of global liver morbidity. Genetic variants, particularly in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (<i>PNPLA3</i>) gene, are critical determinants of metabolic traits and disease progression. This study presents the first meta-analysis to clarify the association between the <i>PNPLA3</i> rs2896019 polymorphism and MASLD susceptibility and severity. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published up to February 12, 2026. Data were extracted, and summary estimates of the association between <i>PNPLA3</i> rs2896019 and MASLD were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the effect. Ten eligible case-control cohorts involving 15,028 participants (3118 cases and 11,910 controls) were included. Our results demonstrated that the G allele is significantly associated with a 51% increased risk of MASLD (OR: 1.5, CI: 1.23-1.85, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). A clear gene-dose effect was observed, with risks escalating in the homozygous model (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.53-3.53, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that diagnostic modality was the primary source of heterogeneity, whereby restricting the analysis to biopsy-proven cohorts eliminated heterogeneity (<i>I² =</i> 0%) and strengthened the association (OR = 1.91). Furthermore, the G allele significantly increased the risk of severe MASLD/MASH (OR = 2.06) compared to mild steatosis (OR = 1.40). In conclusion, the <i>PNPLA3</i> rs2896019 G allele is a robust, dose-dependent risk factor for both the development and severe progression of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"285-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome and the Severity of the Disease Be Determined with the Help of Inflammatory Biomarkers?","authors":"Hilal Bektaş Uysal, Hüseyin Bayğın, Elif Duygu Topan, Mustafa Yılmaz","doi":"10.1177/15578518261443921","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261443921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing public health problem characterized by clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Biomarkers such as Fetuin-A, YKL-40, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) have been implicated in insulin resistance, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Identifying accessible and cost-effective biomarkers that reflect the presence and severity of MetS may provide clinically relevant insight into metabolic burden. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the presence and dynamic severity of MetS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven patients diagnosed with MetS according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (≥3 components) and 23 healthy controls were included. Serum hsCRP, Fetuin-A, and YKL-40 levels were measured at baseline and after a 3-month follow-up. No pharmacological treatment was initiated; participants received standardized lifestyle modification advice. Associations between biomarker levels and MetS severity scores (range 3-5) were assessed using correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline serum Fetuin-A, YKL-40, and hsCRP levels were significantly higher in patients with MetS compared to controls (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). During follow-up, changes in MetS severity were positively correlated with changes in hsCRP (r = 0.844, <i>P</i> < 0.001), Fetuin-A (r = 0.918, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and YKL-40 (r = 0.913, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis using Kendall's tau-b confirmed robust monotonic associations (τ = 0.716-0.808, all <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fetuin-A and YKL-40 levels are strongly associated with both the presence and short-term changes in MetS severity. hsCRP appears to reflect longitudinal changes in metabolic burden. These findings suggest that selected inflammatory biomarkers may provide additional insight into the inflammatory and metabolic dynamics of MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"311-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Associations of Android and Gynoid Adiposity with Prediabetes Among U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016.","authors":"Zihao Shi, Qiao Xu, Renjie Yin, Qunyan Zhou, Chunhua Wu","doi":"10.1177/15578518261446293","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261446293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate sex-specific associations between depot-specific adipose tissue distribution and prediabetes among U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis included 2993 adults from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Android and gynoid fat percentages were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess these associations, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with prediabetes had significantly higher android and gynoid fat percentages than normoglycemic controls in both sexes. After full adjustment, higher android fat was consistently associated with increased odds of prediabetes in both men [odds ratio (OR) = 1.044, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013-1.077] and women (OR = 1.052, 95% CI: 1.023-1.083). In contrast, higher gynoid fat was associated with reduced odds of prediabetes in women only (OR = 0.940, 95% CI: 0.910-0.972), with no significant association observed in men (OR = 0.965, 95% CI: 0.930-1.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between regional adiposity and prediabetes is fundamentally modified by sex. While android fat is a uniform risk factor, gynoid fat appears to be protective, specifically in women. These findings underscore the necessity of sex-specific assessment of body fat distribution for early cardiometabolic risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"326-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancies Affected by Diabetes in Teenagers and Emerging Adults: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Hannah E Christie, Anaelle Zimmowitch, Sneha Mohan, Leidy Plaza-Enriquez, Karina A Pone, Kylie Cooper, Adrian Vella, Ana L Creo, Aoife M Egan","doi":"10.1177/15578518261445043","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261445043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy in teenagers and emerging adults is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Similarly, pregnancies complicated by pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carry a higher risk of complications. However, limited data exist on the intersection of these two high-risk conditions. Our objective was to establish the prevalence of teenage and emerging adult pregnancies complicated by diabetes in a population-based cohort and compare outcomes to pregnancies uncomplicated by diabetes, noting a background prevalence of GDM of 8.1% and pregestational diabetes of 1.2% across all age groups in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. It includes female residents aged ≤21 years with a pregnancy ICD-10 code between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022. The main outcome measures assessed include maternal characteristics and maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1491 pregnancies in 1379 individuals were identified and included. In total, 68 (4.6%) pregnancies were complicated by diabetes: 51 (3.4%) with GDM and 17 (1.1%) with pregestational diabetes. In this study, pregnancies with diabetes had higher rates of adverse outcomes including cesarean delivery (GDM 29.4% vs. pregestational 60.0% vs. no diabetes 17.0%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), preeclampsia (GDM 15.7% vs. pregestational 40.0% vs. no diabetes 7.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), large-for-gestational-age neonates (GDM 13.7% vs. pre-existing 50.0% vs. no diabetes 5.8%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and neonatal hypoglycemia (GDM 42.6% vs. pregestational 60.0% vs. no diabetes 13.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of pregestational diabetes in our teenage and emerging adult population is similar to that of the general pregnancy population; however, the prevalence of GDM is significantly lower. Overall, diabetes in teenage pregnancy is associated with an elevated risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Future research should evaluate interventions aimed at reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"304-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}