Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

{"title":"Coronary Artery Calcium Score Is Associated with Steatotic Liver Disease, Fatty Pancreas, and Benign Pancreaticobiliary Disorders, Independent of Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Ariel A Benson, Hussein Bkirat, Liora Bruckmayer, Adi Nubani, Qasim Odeh, Arik Wolak, Mahmud Mahamid","doi":"10.1177/15578518261420782","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261420782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a predictor of ischemic heart disease and closely linked to metabolic syndrome (MS). This study investigates the relationship between CAC and benign hepato-pancreaticobiliary disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on individuals who underwent cardiac computed tomography scans between 2015 and 2022 at a tertiary medical center. Multivariate logistic regression explored the association between CAC and potential confounders. Additionally, a logistic regression model was applied to determine whether CAC independently predicts benign hepato-pancreaticobiliary disorders [steatotic liver disease (SLD), fatty pancreas, gallstones, choledocholithiasis, pancreatic calcifications, and pancreatic duct stones].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2422 individuals, 725 met inclusion. Univariate regression analysis indicated CAC was significantly linked to SLD, older age, male sex, and MS. Both SLD and fatty pancreas showed an association with CAC in individuals with and without MS (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CAC was independently associated with increasing age [OR: 1.18 (95% CI: 1.15-1.62), <i>P</i> < 0.001], male sex [OR: 3.12 (95% CI: 2.52-4.26), <i>P</i> < 0.001], MS [OR: 1.29 (95% CI: 1.25-2.45), <i>P</i> < 0.001], SLD [OR: 1.26 (95% CI: 1.12-2.42), <i>P</i> < 0.001], fatty pancreas [OR: 1.79 (95% CI: 1.19-1.98), <i>P</i> < 0.001], gallstones [OR: 1.82 (95% CI: 1.64-2.05), <i>P</i> < 0.001], choledocholithiasis [OR: 1.21 (95% CI: 1.19-2.62), <i>P</i> < 0.001], and pancreatic calcifications [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.12-2.32), <i>P</i> < 0.001], regardless of MS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CAC score is correlated with an increased prevalence of SLD, fatty pancreas, and other benign pancreaticobiliary conditions, independent of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Risk Assessment Using the Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency on Glucocorticoid Therapy.","authors":"Abdurrahman Sadıç, Ümmü Mutlu, Nubar Rasulova, Hülya Hacışahinoğulları, Gülşah Yenidünya Yalın, Nurdan Gül, Ayşe Kubat Üzüm, Özlem Soyluk Selçukbiricik","doi":"10.1177/15578518261425510","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261425510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is an endocrine condition requiring lifelong glucocorticoid replacement treatment. Long-term exposure to glucocorticoids may result in significant metabolic problems, such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiometabolic risk. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a simple, inexpensive marker of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS), increasingly used in endocrine and metabolic research, but its role in AI remains insufficiently researched. This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of the TyG index in patients with AI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a single-center, cross-sectional observational study including 58 patients with primary or secondary AI receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were recorded, and body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The TyG index was calculated using fasting triglyceride and glucose values. MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation 2009 criteria. The relationships between TyG and metabolic risk factors were examined, and TyG levels were investigated in the primary AI and secondary AI groups. The discriminative value of TyG for MetS was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, including pairwise area under the curve (AUC) comparisons and the Youden-optimal threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 44.8 ± 15.6 years, and 28 patients (48.3%) were female. Secondary and primary AI were present in 53.4% and 46.6% of patients, respectively. MetS prevalence was 31.0%. TyG was higher in secondary AI compared with primary AI (8.8 ± 0.7 vs. 8.4 ± 0.5; <i>p</i> = 0.014). TyG values were higher in patients with elevated waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), high waist-to-hip ratio, obesity, and MetS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that TyG had the strongest discriminative value for identifying MetS (AUC = 0.840, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.722-0.959; <i>p</i> < 0.001), with a cut-off of 8.49 yielding 94.4% sensitivity and 67.5% specificity, followed by WHtR (AUC = 0.826, 95% CI: 0.719-0.932, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and body mass index (AUC = 0.757, 95% CI: 0.631-0.883, <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study evaluates TyG in AI and indicates which it is a simple, low-cost marker associated with metabolic risk. TyG may support early identification and risk stratification in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146258088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index for Metabolic Syndrome in Adults from Southeastern Mexico.","authors":"Azalia Avila-Nava, Roberto Lugo, Brenda Pacheco-Hernández, Elda Pacheco-Pantoja, Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis","doi":"10.1177/15578518261416761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261416761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical significance of metabolic syndrome (MetS) stems from its strong association with the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which are the top causes of death worldwide. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been proposed as a simple diagnostic tool; however, its predictive value for MetS has not been evaluated in southeastern Mexico. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of the TyG index for MetS in adults from Yucatán.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 adults (77 men, 173 women) attending the Regional High Specialty Hospital of the Yucatan Peninsula, IMSS-Bienestar. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected under standardized procedures. The TyG index was calculated as ln ([fasting triglycerides × fasting glucose]/2). Logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were performed to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of the TyG index, adjusted for sex and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher TyG index quartiles were associated with increased age, waist circumference, blood pressure, and prevalence of MetS (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The TyG index showed a positive trend with the number of MetS components (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The area under the curve for TyG was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001), improving to 0.83 after adjustment for sex and age, with 72% sensitivity and 80% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index demonstrated strong predictive and discriminative ability for MetS and, as a simple, cost-effective measure derived from routine laboratory tests, represents a practical screening tool for clinicians in southeastern Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"172-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Triglyceride-glucose Index and Obesity Metrics with Cardiovascular Disease Among U.S. Adults with Hyperlipidemia: Findings from the NHANES 2007-2016.","authors":"Peixin Lan, Tianwei Lan","doi":"10.1177/15578518251413507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518251413507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperlipidemia constitutes a systemic metabolic disorder. The correlation of cardiovascular disease [CVD] with the triglyceride-glucose index [TyG] in individuals with hyperlipidemia remains unclear. The current study examined the associations of CVD risk with TyG and obesity metrics in individuals with hyperlipidemia in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study used a cross-sectional approach utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning the years 2007-2016. Restricted cubic spline [RCS] and weighted logistic regression [WLR] analyses were executed to evaluate the associations of CVD risk with TyG and obesity metrics in individuals with hyperlipidemia. Subgroup analyses were further performed to evaluate the robustness of these correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study cohort comprised 7144 participants, including 720 with CVD. WLR revealed that TyG-body mass index [BMI], TyG-WC-to-height ratio [WHtR], and TyG-waist circumference [WC] were markedly linked to elevated CVD risk [TyG-BMI: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.70 (1.21-2.39), <i>P</i> = 0.003; TyG-WC: 1.62 (1.17-2.24), <i>P</i> = 0.004; TyG-WHtR: 1.67 (1.21-2.30), <i>P</i> = 0.002], whereas TyG alone showed no statistically significant correlation [1.14 (0.81-1.61), <i>P</i> = 0.443]. RCS analysis demonstrated a marked linear positive correlation of CVD risk with TyG combined with obesity metrics. Subgroup analyses further verified the robustness and reliability of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among U.S. individuals with hyperlipidemia, no independent association of CVD risk with TyG alone was observed. Nevertheless, TyG combined with obesity metrics exhibited a significant correlation with CVD. TyG integrated with obesity indicators may provide enhanced predictive capability for detecting individuals with heightened early-stage CVD risk among populations with hyperlipidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":"24 4","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cardiometabolic Index with Mortality Risk in Early-Stage Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and Its Potential Role in Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotypes: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.","authors":"Haoyu Liu, Yunhui Chen, Xue Yang, Tianqi Pan, Shouyan Wang","doi":"10.1177/15578518261423748","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261423748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cardiometabolic index (CMI) has emerged as a composite marker of metabolic dysfunction. However, its prognostic value for mortality in early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between CMI and mortality risk in individuals with CKM stages 0-3, and to assess whether CMI provides incremental predictive value over body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 11,280 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018 with CKM stages 0-3. CMI was calculated as (triglycerides/HDL-C) × waist-to-height ratio. Mortality outcomes were ascertained through linkage with the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. Survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic splines were used to examine associations. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank tests were employed to compare survival probabilities across CMI-BMI discordance phenotypes. Random survival forest models compared the predictive performance of CMI versus BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 623 all-cause deaths and 159 cardiovascular deaths occurred. In fully adjusted models, participants in the highest CMI quartile had significantly elevated risks of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.55, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.15-2.09] and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.05-3.46) compared with the lowest quartile. Restricted cubic spline analyses revealed significant nonlinear associations, with inflection points at CMI of 2.51 for all-cause mortality and 1.06 for cardiovascular mortality. In the overweight subgroup and among diabetic patients, CMI demonstrated superior risk stratification compared with BMI. Notably, metabolically obese normal-weight individuals exhibited significantly worse survival than metabolically healthy obese individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMI is independently associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in early-stage CKM syndrome, with evidence of threshold effects. CMI may serve as a valuable complementary tool to BMI for identifying high-risk individuals, particularly among those with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes masked by normal weight status.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"148-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Proenkephalin A as a Marker of Renal Dysfunction and Glycemic Status in Diabetic Nephropathy.","authors":"Feride Sevilmiş, Hanife Usta Atmaca, Çiğdem Usul Afşar, Hatice Özkul, Zahide Adiyaman, Mahmut Başar Aykent, Özlem Yilmaz","doi":"10.1177/15578518261444701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261444701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traditional biomarkers like creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) often fail to detect early diabetic nephropathy. Proenkephalin A (PENK-A), a stable, kidney-specific peptide, has emerged as a potential alternative biomarker. This study aimed to evaluate serum PENK-A levels in diabetic nephropathy and their association with renal and clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cross-sectional study, PENK-A levels were compared between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. Biochemical variables were assessed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine diagnostic performance. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify independent predictors of elevated PENK-A levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 120 participants (90 patients, 30 controls) were included. PENK-A levels were significantly higher in patients and correlated with lower eGFR, higher urea, and microalbuminuria. At a cut-off value of 2.25 pmol/L, PENK-A demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.702, <i>p</i> = 0.001), with high specificity (83.3%) and positive predictive value (90.6%). Logistic regression revealed an independent inverse association between PENK-A and HbA1c, while eGFR showed a borderline relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum PENK-A may serve as a supportive biomarker for renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Its relationship with HbA1c suggests possible links to metabolic stress. PENK-A could complement traditional markers, particularly in early detection or high-risk patients. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm its prognostic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261444701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Associations of Android and Gynoid Adiposity with Prediabetes Among U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016.","authors":"Zihao Shi, Qiao Xu, Renjie Yin, Qunyan Zhou, Chunhua Wu","doi":"10.1177/15578518261446293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261446293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate sex-specific associations between depot-specific adipose tissue distribution and prediabetes among U.S. adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis included 2993 adults from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Android and gynoid fat percentages were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models were employed to assess these associations, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with prediabetes had significantly higher android and gynoid fat percentages than normoglycemic controls in both sexes. After full adjustment, higher android fat was consistently associated with increased odds of prediabetes in both men [odds ratio (OR) = 1.044, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013-1.077] and women (OR = 1.052, 95% CI: 1.023-1.083). In contrast, higher gynoid fat was associated with reduced odds of prediabetes in women only (OR = 0.940, 95% CI: 0.910-0.972), with no significant association observed in men (OR = 0.965, 95% CI: 0.930-1.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between regional adiposity and prediabetes is fundamentally modified by sex. While android fat is a uniform risk factor, gynoid fat appears to be protective, specifically in women. These findings underscore the necessity of sex-specific assessment of body fat distribution for early cardiometabolic risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261446293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancies Affected by Diabetes in Teenagers and Emerging Adults: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Hannah E Christie, Anaelle Zimmowitch, Sneha Mohan, Leidy Plaza-Enriquez, Karina A Pone, Kylie Cooper, Adrian Vella, Ana L Creo, Aoife M Egan","doi":"10.1177/15578518261445043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261445043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy in teenagers and emerging adults is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Similarly, pregnancies complicated by pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carry a higher risk of complications. However, limited data exist on the intersection of these two high-risk conditions. Our objective was to establish the prevalence of teenage and emerging adult pregnancies complicated by diabetes in a population-based cohort and compare outcomes to pregnancies uncomplicated by diabetes, noting a background prevalence of GDM of 8.1% and pregestational diabetes of 1.2% across all age groups in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. It includes female residents aged ≤21 years with a pregnancy ICD-10 code between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022. The main outcome measures assessed include maternal characteristics and maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1491 pregnancies in 1379 individuals were identified and included. In total, 68 (4.6%) pregnancies were complicated by diabetes: 51 (3.4%) with GDM and 17 (1.1%) with pregestational diabetes. In this study, pregnancies with diabetes had higher rates of adverse outcomes including cesarean delivery (GDM 29.4% vs. pregestational 60.0% vs. no diabetes 17.0%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), preeclampsia (GDM 15.7% vs. pregestational 40.0% vs. no diabetes 7.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), large-for-gestational-age neonates (GDM 13.7% vs. pre-existing 50.0% vs. no diabetes 5.8%, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and neonatal hypoglycemia (GDM 42.6% vs. pregestational 60.0% vs. no diabetes 13.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of pregestational diabetes in our teenage and emerging adult population is similar to that of the general pregnancy population; however, the prevalence of GDM is significantly lower. Overall, diabetes in teenage pregnancy is associated with an elevated risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Future research should evaluate interventions aimed at reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261445043"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 rs2896019 and MASLD Susceptibility and Severity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.","authors":"Wei-Yue Lim, Rosmawati Mohamed, Yuh-Fen Pung, Hak-Keith Leung, Rong-Xiang Ng, Shamsul Mohd Zain","doi":"10.1177/15578518261443934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261443934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of global liver morbidity. Genetic variants, particularly in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (<i>PNPLA3</i>) gene, are critical determinants of metabolic traits and disease progression. This study presents the first meta-analysis to clarify the association between the <i>PNPLA3</i> rs2896019 polymorphism and MASLD susceptibility and severity. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published up to February 12, 2026. Data were extracted, and summary estimates of the association between <i>PNPLA3</i> rs2896019 and MASLD were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the effect. Ten eligible case-control cohorts involving 15,028 participants (3118 cases and 11,910 controls) were included. Our results demonstrated that the G allele is significantly associated with a 51% increased risk of MASLD (OR: 1.5, CI: 1.23-1.85, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). A clear gene-dose effect was observed, with risks escalating in the homozygous model (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.53-3.53, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that diagnostic modality was the primary source of heterogeneity, whereby restricting the analysis to biopsy-proven cohorts eliminated heterogeneity (<i>I² =</i> 0%) and strengthened the association (OR = 1.91). Furthermore, the G allele significantly increased the risk of severe MASLD/MASH (OR = 2.06) compared to mild steatosis (OR = 1.40). In conclusion, the <i>PNPLA3</i> rs2896019 G allele is a robust, dose-dependent risk factor for both the development and severe progression of MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261443934"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome and the Severity of the Disease Be Determined with the Help of Inflammatory Biomarkers?","authors":"Hilal Bektaş Uysal, Hüseyin Bayğın, Elif Duygu Topan, Mustafa Yılmaz","doi":"10.1177/15578518261443921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261443921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing public health problem characterized by clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Biomarkers such as Fetuin-A, YKL-40, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) have been implicated in insulin resistance, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Identifying accessible and cost-effective biomarkers that reflect the presence and severity of MetS may provide clinically relevant insight into metabolic burden. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the presence and dynamic severity of MetS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven patients diagnosed with MetS according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (≥3 components) and 23 healthy controls were included. Serum hsCRP, Fetuin-A, and YKL-40 levels were measured at baseline and after a 3-month follow-up. No pharmacological treatment was initiated; participants received standardized lifestyle modification advice. Associations between biomarker levels and MetS severity scores (range 3-5) were assessed using correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline serum Fetuin-A, YKL-40, and hsCRP levels were significantly higher in patients with MetS compared to controls (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). During follow-up, changes in MetS severity were positively correlated with changes in hsCRP (r = 0.844, <i>P</i> < 0.001), Fetuin-A (r = 0.918, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and YKL-40 (r = 0.913, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis using Kendall's tau-b confirmed robust monotonic associations (τ = 0.716-0.808, all <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fetuin-A and YKL-40 levels are strongly associated with both the presence and short-term changes in MetS severity. hsCRP appears to reflect longitudinal changes in metabolic burden. These findings suggest that selected inflammatory biomarkers may provide additional insight into the inflammatory and metabolic dynamics of MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261443921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}