Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Atherogenic Index of Plasma in the Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence from NHANES and CHARLS.","authors":"Jiajun Sang, Kexin Zhang, Chengxia Kan, Xuan Li, Hongyan Qiu, Zhentao Guo, Xiaodong Sun","doi":"10.1177/15578518261472829","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261472829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing public health burden driven by chronic low-grade inflammation and lipid metabolic dysregulation, with diet as a major modifiable determinant. Proinflammatory diets [assessed by the dietary inflammatory index (DII)] are linked to MetS risk, but the underlying metabolic pathways remain unclear. This study investigated the independent and joint associations of DII and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) with MetS and evaluated AIP's mediating role across populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2013-2020; <i>n</i> = 7971) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (2011; <i>n</i> = 9240). DII and AIP were calculated; their associations with MetS were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Mediation analysis quantified AIP's mediating effect, with subgroup analyses by body mass index (BMI), age, and sex. In CHARLS, a DII-Proxy was derived from standardized food expenditure and C-reactive protein data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS prevalence in NHANES was 22.3%. In both cohorts, higher AIP was strongly associated with MetS. In NHANES, each 1-standard deviation increase in AIP corresponded to markedly higher MetS odds (odds ratio = 10.9, <i>P</i> < 0.001). After adjustment, the direct DII-MetS association weakened, but mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect via AIP. In CHARLS, AIP mediated 62.9% of the association between DII-Proxy and MetS. Dose-response analyses revealed a nonlinear relationship between DII and MetS and an S-shaped association between AIP and MetS. Stronger mediation effects were observed in females and individuals with normal BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AIP is a key mediator linking proinflammatory diets to MetS, supporting the diet-inflammation-lipid axis and identifying targets for precision prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"416-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of All-Cause Mortality by Obesity Metabolic Phenotypes: A Waist Circumference-Driven Risk Stratification Study.","authors":"Xiaowei Liu, Yunshuang Chen, Chan Yang, Juan Li, Zhengning Yao, Yuhong Zhang, Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1177/15578518261472336","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261472336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The limitations of body mass index (BMI) in assessing obesity-related mortality risk are increasingly apparent. This study investigates whether a risk stratification based on waist circumference (WC) and metabolic status provides a superior prediction of all-cause mortality and examines how age and sex modify these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted in rural Ningxia, China, including 2703 participants at baseline (2008-2012) and 2071 followed up (2019-2020). Participants were categorized into four phenotypes based on BMI or WC and metabolic status: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy with obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy with obesity (MUO). Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 193 deaths were recorded. When obesity was defined by BMI, only MUO was significantly associated with increased mortality (fully adjusted HR = 1.659, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.122-2.452, <i>P</i> = 0.011). When defined by WC, both MHO (HR = 1.823, 95% CI: 1.037-3.203, <i>P</i> = 0.037) and MUO (HR = 1.964, 95% CI: 1.273-3.029, <i>P</i> = 0.002) showed significantly higher risks. Subgroup analyses revealed that WC-defined MHO conferred increased mortality only in men and in younger participants (<64 years).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, WC is a superior predictor of all-cause mortality to BMI, particularly in men. The MHO phenotype is not uniformly benign, especially when defined by central adiposity. Therefore, we recommend risk stratification based on WC, metabolic status, age, and sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"395-405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated Waist Circumference Percentiles and Central Obesity Prevalence Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, NHANES 2011-2023.","authors":"Rabiya K Mian, Luyu Xie, Yasmin Hamad, Sitapriya S Neti, Stacia M DeSantis, Sarah E Messiah","doi":"10.1177/15578518261477074","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261477074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric obesity affects 20% of children and adolescents globally. Waist circumference (WC) identifies central adiposity and cardiometabolic risk, yet pediatric WC percentiles are outdated. This study provides updated age- and sex-specific WC percentiles reflecting current trends to improve clinical risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2023 data among U.S. youth aged 2-18 years. Central obesity was defined using International Diabetes Federation criteria. WC percentiles (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th) were estimated by single-year age and sex, with race and ethnicity comparisons. Quantile regression assessed distributional differences versus NHANES 1999-2008 and examined demographic differences in WC using survey logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 14,763 children and adolescents aged 2-to-18 years, the overall prevalence of central obesity was 14.08%. Mean WC was 52.05 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.80-52.30) for ages 2-5, 62.04 cm (95% CI: 61.57-62.52) for ages 6-9 years, 76.93 cm (95% CI: 76.31-77.55) for ages 10-15 years, and 84.75 cm (95% CI: 83.87-85.63) for ages 16-18 years. Hispanic youth had higher odds of exceeding WC percentiles compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) peers (males: odds ratios [ORs] = 1.37-1.89 across 50th-90th percentiles; females: ORs = 1.26-1.35 across 25th-90th percentiles, all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) males had lower odds (ORs = 0.41-0.82 across 10th-75th percentiles), while females had higher odds only at upper percentiles (75th: OR = 1.26; 90th: OR = 1.52, all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Non-Hispanic Asian youth had significantly lower odds across all thresholds. Among Hispanic, NHW, and NHB youth, WC percentiles were higher in 2011-2023 than in 1999-2008, with the greatest increases at the upper percentiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WC percentiles among U.S. youth have increased over time. Updated age- and sex-specific reference values may improve early risk identification and pediatric obesity screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"406-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Baseline, Cumulative Exposure, and Dynamic Changes of VLR with the Risk of Incident CMM in Individuals with MASLD: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from CHARLS.","authors":"Qian Xu, Aomen Lu, Xing Yang, Yuxin Zhang","doi":"10.1177/15578518261472851","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261472851","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and aims: &lt;/strong&gt;Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) significantly increases mortality and long-term disease burden. The metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) population is often accompanied by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, visceral fat accumulation, and chronic low-grade inflammation, making it a high-risk population for the occurrence of multisystem cardiometabolic disease clustering. The visceral lipoprotein risk (VLR) index is a novel comprehensive lipid-visceral fat indicator integrating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), but the relationship of its dynamic trajectories and cumulative exposure with incident CMM in the MASLD population remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study is based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The K-means clustering algorithm was used to identify the longitudinal evolution patterns of the VLR index in the MASLD population. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between various VLR indicators (dynamic changes, baseline levels, and cumulative values) and CMM risk. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to explore the nonlinear relationships between variables, and the predictive values of the cumulative VLR index and baseline VLR index were compared through time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, C-index, integrated discrimination improvement, and net reclassification improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 2472 MASLD participants were ultimately included, with a median follow-up of 5 years, and a total of 255 (10.32%) incident CMM cases occurred. The incidence rates of CMM in the Low, Medium, and High VLR trajectory groups were 7.37%, 10.26%, and 17.76%, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, compared with the Low trajectory group, the risk of CMM was significantly elevated in the High trajectory group [hazard ratio (HR) 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41-2.76]. Compared with the lowest tertile of cumulative VLR, the risk in the highest tertile increased (HR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.14-2.17; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for trend = 0.004); the highest tertile of baseline VLR was similarly associated with a higher risk (HR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06-1.97; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; for trend = 0.011). Each 1-standard deviation increase in cumulative VLR and baseline VLR corresponded to a 28% and 26% increase in CMM risk, respectively. RCS showed that the overall association was significant, and no obvious nonlinearity was observed. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the results. Compared with baseline VLR, CVAI, and LDL-C, cumulative VLR demonstrated better clinical value in the predictive ability for evaluating 5-year CMM risk (area under the curve = 0.622); after adding cumulative VLR to the adjusted model, the C-index improved from 0.693 to 0.714.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In the middle-aged and eld","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"441-451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between the Inflammation Burden Index and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study Based upon the NHANES Database.","authors":"Yixuan Wu, Mei Li, Zhen Fang, Wenlong Luo, Zhaonan Shen","doi":"10.1177/15578518261472832","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261472832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a systemic disorder manifested as the interconnected dysregulation of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic abnormalities. Systemic inflammation was identified as an important contributor to CKM syndrome. Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this research sought to explore associations between the inflammation burden index (IBI) and the risk of CKM syndrome (specifically stages 3-4).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research used data from six NHANES cycles (1999-2010). CKM stages were constructed based on the American Heart Association recommendations, with stages 3-4 classified as advanced CKM syndrome. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between IBI and CKM stages 3-4. Restricted cubic splines were employed to evaluate potential nonlinear relationships. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, and body mass index were performed. Moreover, sensitivity analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 13,830 participants were included. Among them, 3322 were in CKM stages 3-4. In the fully adjusted model, IBI was positively associated with the risk of CKM stages 3-4 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.026, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.008-1.044, <i>P</i> = 0.005]. In the sensitivity model excluding patients with hypertension and diabetes (Model 4), the association remained significant (OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.014-1.047, <i>P</i> < 0.001). RCS analyses further indicated a significant nonlinear dose-response relationship between IBI and the risk of CKM stages 3-4 (<i>P</i> for nonlinearity <0.001). This association remained reliable in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated IBI is independently associated with a higher risk of CKM syndrome. As a composite inflammatory index that integrates multiple inflammatory cells and acute-phase proteins, IBI holds promise for identifying individuals at high risk for advanced CKM syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"430-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Effects of Combined Versus Individual Interventions of Mediterranean Diet and Exercise in Adults with the Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"Amélie Paquin, Chloé Prémont, Marie-Anne Mathieu, Maggie Lê-Brassard, Iris Gigleux, Anne-Sophie Neyron, Simone Lemieux, Marie-Annick Clavel, Robert Ross, Jean-Pierre Després, Patrick Couture, Benoît Lamarche, Marie-Eve Piché","doi":"10.1177/15578518261500227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261500227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, combining abdominal obesity and elevated serum triglycerides, is associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis. The combination of dietary and exercise programs has the potential to improve outcomes with regard to adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction associated with poor metabolic health. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and exercise interventions improves cardiac structure and function more than the sum of each individual intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a randomized 2 × 2 factorial design trial that included adults with the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (triglycerides ≥1.50 mmol/L, waist circumference ≥80 cm in women or ≥94 cm in men). Participants were randomly assigned to one of four 16-week interventions: (1) MedDiet alone, (2) exercise alone, (3) MedDiet + exercise, or (4) control group. The MedDiet groups received education, counseling, and key food items from the MedDiet. The exercise groups participated in a structured exercise program designed to achieve 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week. Data were collected during the screening, baseline, and post-intervention visits. In mixed-effects models, we compared the post-intervention echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) structure and function per intervention group after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline values. We calculated an interaction ratio between MedDiet and exercise to assess their combined effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 200 recruited, 185 participants (76% women) had available echocardiographic data. LV measurements were within normal range for most participants. After the intervention, the posterior wall thickness (LV structure) was higher in the MedDiet groups (0.04 [95% CI: 0.01-0.07] cm), and the septal mitral annular tissue Doppler e' velocity (diastolic function) was higher in the exercise groups (0.4 [95% CI: 0.0-0.8] cm/s). No significant interactions between interventions were identified with respect to LV measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No interaction between the MedDiet and exercise interventions on LV structure and function was observed among adults with the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype. Further research is needed to ascertain whether the combination of these interventions can prevent the development of adverse LV remodeling over the long term or in participants with more advanced cardiac alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261500227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Implementation of Telemonitoring-Supported Care Redesign in Type 1 Diabetes: Reduced Outpatient Utilization with Preserved Glycemic Outcomes.","authors":"Sjaam Jainandunsing, Marijke Dekker, Renée Paijmans-Hovenier, Alexander Stork, Job van Steenkiste, Walter van der Weegen, Auke Post","doi":"10.1177/15578518261500341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261500341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widespread adoption of automated insulin delivery systems has created new opportunities for remote monitoring and data-driven redesign of diabetes care. However, real-world evidence on telemonitoring-supported care redesign remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a real-world before-after study in 109 individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with the MiniMed™ 780G automated insulin delivery system. Routine care was redesigned from multiple annual outpatient visits to a default annual combined physician-diabetes specialist nurse visit supported by structured remote monitoring through CareLink™ Premium. Outcomes were assessed over two consecutive 12-month periods before and after implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Telemonitoring-supported care redesign reduced outpatient utilization from 4.92 to 2.49 visits per patient-year, representing an approximate 50% reduction. Glycemic outcomes remained stable, with no clinically meaningful change in HbA1c (56.3 ± 1.0 vs. 56.2 ± 1.0 mmol/mol) and preserved Time in Range (74.6 ± 0.7 vs. 72.4 ± 1.0%). No safety signal was identified, with one diabetic ketoacidosis event observed during each study period and no increase in severe adverse events. Treatment satisfaction improved (median DTSQc score 11.5), while satisfaction with telemonitoring-supported care and digital messaging was high.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Telemonitoring-supported care redesign enabled substantial reductions in outpatient utilization while maintaining glycemic control and participant satisfaction, with no safety signal identified. These findings support telemonitoring not merely as a clinical intervention but as an enabling infrastructure for organizational redesign of diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261500341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic Assessment in Patients with Overweight, Obesity, or Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Artificial Intelligence-Based Retinal Screening: A Real-World Evidence Study.","authors":"Elena Muratore, Viviana Maggio, Francesca Vaccaro, Angelo Maria Patti, Manfredi Giammanco, Felicia Di Falco, Mario Manunta, Vincenzo Geraci, Sorina Ispas, Marcello Ciaccio, Luisa Agnello, Jan Skrha, Martin Prazny, Marco Giammanco, Maria Vadalà, Vincenza Elena Bonfiglio, Manfredi Rizzo","doi":"10.1177/15578518261496129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261496129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increase the risk of vascular complications, including retinal vascular alterations. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based retinal screening enables early detection of microvascular damage, potentially contributing to appropriate cardiometabolic prevention strategies. We performed a realworld evidence observational study to assess cardiometabolic parameters as well as retinal vascular alterations using novel AI-based retinal imaging.<i>Methods:</i> Between September and December 2025, we recruited 301 consecutive adults with overweight,obesity, or T2DM; cardiometabolic assessment was performed, and all participants also underwent retinal screening with the Aireen AI system, distinguishing those who resulted positive (<i>n</i> = 42), negative (<i>n</i> = 204), or undetermined (<i>n</i> = 55) at the screening.<i>Results:</i> All patients who resulted positive at the screening were confirmed with a diagnosis of retinal alterations by the ophthalmologists. The presence of positive retinal screening (RS+) progressively increased with worsening fasting glycemia, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, carotid intima-media thickness, and endothelial function (<i>P</i> < 0.001 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed independent associations of RS+ with HbA1c [odds ratio (OR) 2.29, <i>P</i> < 0.001], carotid stenosis (OR 1.06, <i>P</i> < 0.001), fasting glucose (OR 1.02, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (OR 2.19, <i>P</i> = 0.010).<i>Conclusions:</i> These findings suggest that AIbased retinal screening with advanced tools can effectively identify early microvascular damage in individuals with overweight, obesity, or T2DM, with RS+ prevalence reflecting glycemic burden and vascular dysfunction. Therefore, integrating AI retinal assessment into cardiometabolic prevention programs may enable timely interventions to prevent progression to vision-threatening complications and support comprehensive cardiovascular risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261496129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride-Glucose Index and 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Associations of Obesity-Related Indices in Two Nationally Representative Populations.","authors":"Fei Ge, Qingqing Zhang, Hao Jiang, Shufang Yang, Qiuping Chen, Lichun Wang, Jinhua Gu, Yucheng Wu","doi":"10.1177/15578518261496117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261496117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, the associations of TyG-related indices combined with obesity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, and body roundness index, with 10-year ASCVD risk across different populations remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; <i>n</i> = 8224) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; <i>n</i> = 13,527) were analyzed. Weighted multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses, and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between TyG-related indices and 10-year ASCVD risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TyG and TyG-related indices were significantly associated with higher 10-year ASCVD risk in both cohorts. Nonlinear associations were observed between several TyG-related indices and ASCVD risk. Compared with the U.S. population, obesity-related TyG composite indices showed relatively stronger associations with ASCVD risk among Chinese adults. Subgroup analyses demonstrated more pronounced associations among females in the CHARLS cohort, whereas in NHANES, significant sex differences were observed only for the TyG index. Among the evaluated indices, TyG-WC showed relatively stronger associations with ASCVD risk across both datasets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TyG-related indices were significantly associated with 10-year ASCVD risk across Chinese and U.S. populations, although the strength of these associations varied between populations. TyG-WC may provide additional value for ASCVD risk assessment. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261496117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Uric Acid and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Two-Stage NHANES Study of MASLD Prevalence and All-Cause Mortality.","authors":"Hafiz M Ahmed, Umm E Aimen","doi":"10.1177/15578518261495389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261495389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health challenge, highlighting the need for accessible markers of metabolic liver disease risk. Serum uric acid (SUA) has been linked to metabolic dysfunction, but its association with MASLD across the full clinical spectrum, including conventionally normal SUA ranges, and its prognostic relevance remain incompletely characterized. We evaluated the association between SUA and MASLD, including the dose-response relationship, and examined whether baseline SUA was associated with all-cause mortality among adults with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a two-stage study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2020. Stage 1 assessed the cross-sectional association between SUA and MASLD prevalence among 28,199 adults using survey-weighted logistic regression with quadratic and restricted cubic spline modeling. MASLD was defined according to 2023 multi-society consensus criteria as hepatic steatosis plus at least one metabolic abnormality. Stage 2 prospectively followed 6623 adults with MASLD for all-cause mortality using survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SUA demonstrated a significant nonlinear association with MASLD prevalence. In the primary adjusted model, each 1 mg/dL increase above the population-weighted mean SUA of 5.38 mg/dL was associated with 26% higher odds of MASLD (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.22-1.31), with attenuation at higher concentrations. The highest estimated odds occurred around 8.5 mg/dL (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.23-1.59). Among adults with MASLD, higher baseline SUA was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR: 1.11 per 1 mg/dL, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23), with evidence of nonlinearity at higher concentrations (quadratic HR: 1.03, <i>p</i> < 0.001; C-index 0.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this nationally representative two-stage study, SUA was independently associated with MASLD prevalence and all-cause mortality among adults with MASLD. SUA may represent an accessible adjunctive marker of metabolic risk and prognosis in MASLD, although further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to clarify causality and clinical utility.Prospectively Registered Protocol:https://osf.io/khe3u.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261495389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}