Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

{"title":"Are Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Reliable Part of Multimarker Panel in Female Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?","authors":"Aleksandra Klisic, Paschalis Karakasis, Dimitrios Patoulias, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Ana Ninić","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0100","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Oxidative stress and inflammation are the key features of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, studies that explored redox homeostasis parameters in relation to T2D show discrepant results. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the potential reliability of oxidative stress biomarkers [<i>i.e.,</i> determined by malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and catalase (CAT)] in addition to traditional cardiometabolic parameters in relation to T2D in female cohort. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 214 women (of them 40.6% T2D) were consecutively recruited in the study. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to determine the adequate number of factors consisting of anthropometric, traditional cardiometabolic and redox status markers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> MDA and AOPP concentrations were lower, but CAT activity was higher in T2D group as compared with controls (<i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>P</i> = 0.002, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Traditional markers related factor (<i>i.e.,</i> with positive loading of waist circumference, triglycerides, uric acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and negative loadings of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) was found to be independently related with T2D in multivariate binary regression analysis, whereas oxidative stress related factor (<i>i.e.,</i> with positive loading of MDA and AOPP) lost its independent prediction after adjustment for confounding factors (<i>i.e.,</i> age, menopausal status, antihypertensive, and hypolipemic therapies). Increased Traditional markers related factor was associated with more than three times higher probability for T2D onset (OR = 3.319, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Oxidative stress biomarkers, <i>i.e.,</i> MDA, AOPP, and CAT are not superior over traditional cardiometabolic markers in relation to T2D in female population. Future studies with both gender included are needed to confirm such results.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"679-685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Alogliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets and Vildagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets on Glycemic Control in Real-World Clinical Practice for the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel Group, Comparative Trial.","authors":"Tomoe Abe, Yasutaka Takeda, Ichiro Sakuma, Mizuho Okada, Ayaka Kurigaki, Ryoichi Bessho, Mao Sato, Hiroya Kitsunai, Yumi Takiyama, Masaru Sakurai","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0127","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of two combination tablets of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and metformin with different dosages, alogliptin/metformin (AM) and vildagliptin/metformin (VM), on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel group, comparative trial. After a run-in period of treatment with metformin alone, a total of 59 Japanese outpatients with T2D, aged 20-79 years with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of 6.5%-10% were randomly assigned to 12-week AM treatment, alogliptin 25 mg/metformin 500 mg combination tablet orally once a day, or VM treatment, vildagliptin 50 mg/metformin 250 mg combination tablet orally twice a day. The primary endpoints were the changes in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels from baseline to week 12 between the two groups. Blinded intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) was performed between weeks 10 and 12. The incidence of adverse events during the study was also evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In all, 52 participants were analyzed. Significant decreases in HbA1c and FPG levels from baseline to week 12 were observed in both treatment groups. However, there were no significant differences between the AM and VM groups in the change in HbA1c level (-0.3% and -0.4%, <i>P</i> = 0.309) or the FPG level (-9.0 and -15.0 mg/dL, <i>P</i> = 0.789). The isCGM revealed that both treatments achieved the recommended glycemic target range. No adverse events, such as severe hypoglycemia, were observed in either group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We concluded that there were no significant differences in the efficacy of two combination tablets of DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin with different dosages on glycemic control in patients with T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"651-660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortisol/Cortisone Ratio in Youth with Obesity One Year Following Sleeve Gastrectomy.","authors":"Ana Paola Lopez Lopez, Meghan Lauze, Miriam A Bredella, Madhusmita Misra, Vibha Singhal","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0106","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Glucocorticoid metabolites are associated with body composition measures and are altered with weight status. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) results in significant changes in weight and body composition. However, MBS effects on glucocorticoid metabolites are unknown. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate (i) changes in the cortisol/cortisone ratio in youth with obesity 12 months after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) compared with nonsurgical controls with obesity (NS), and (ii) associations of these changes with body composition changes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 38 participants 13-25 years old with obesity (29 female) were followed for 12 months. Half underwent SG, and the other half were followed with routine care (nonsurgical, NS). Fasting blood was assessed for cortisol and cortisone using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy as part of metabolomic analysis, and the cortisol/cortisone ratio was calculated. A single-slice MRI of the abdomen was performed to assess subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT, VAT<u>)</u>. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by computed tomography (CT). <b><i>Results:</i></b> SG did not differ from NS for baseline clinical characteristics, other than the mean age (SG 18.0 ± 0.46 vs. NS 16.6 ± 0.50 years, <i>P</i> = 0.041), BMI (BMI, 47.23 ± 1.5 vs. 41.32 ± 1.1 kg/m², <i>P</i> = 0.003) weight and VAT, which were higher in SG. Significant reductions were noted over 12 months in BMI, BMI z-score, VAT, and SAT within the SG versus NS groups (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Over 12 months, groups did not differ for changes in cortisol/cortisone ratio after controlling for age at baseline (<i>P</i> = 0.293). The ratio trended to decrease within the SG group [-1.40 (-5.08, 0.06), <i>P</i> = 0.080], particularly among those that had completed puberty (<i>P</i> = 0.048). No associations were found between changes in the cortisol/cortisone ratio and changes in body composition. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The cortisol/cortisone ratio trended to decrease 12 months following SG. However, no associations were found between changes in the cortisol/cortisone ratio and changes in body composition. Studies with larger numbers of participants are necessary to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"646-650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Dietary Vitamin C Intake with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults: NHANES 2007-2018.","authors":"Xinyi Yu, Jian Zhu, Zhaonv Xu","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2024.0149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> There has been discussion over the association between vitamin C intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study examined the relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of MetS in a sizable adult American population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined the relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of MetS in 12,943 persons from the 2007 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This association was then evaluated using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models. Sex and age-based subgroup analyses were carried out. <b><i>Results:</i></b> According to the results of the multiple regression model, the risk of MetS was inversely correlated with dietary vitamin C intake, vitamin C intake derived from fruits and vegetables. The adjusted results (odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals) for the highest versus lowest tertile were 0.80 (0.68-0.93), 0.86 (0.75-0.98), and 0.80 (0.69-0.93). Subgroup analyses further showed that the negative correlation of dietary vitamin C intake with the risk of MetS was particularly pronounced among females, those in the 20-39 age group, and those in the ≥60 age group. The dose-response relationship's findings indicated that vitamin C from diet and fruits had a nonlinear correlation with the risk of MetS, whereas vitamin C from vegetables had a linear correlation. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The risk of MetS in adult Americans was found to be negatively correlated with dietary vitamin C intake, particularly from fruits and vegetables.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142503546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Between SGLT2 Inhibitors and Lactation: Implications for Cardiometabolic Health in Parous Women.","authors":"Maria A Ramos-Roman","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0182","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition and lactation result in the excretion of large amounts of glucose in urine or milk and are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. The respective mechanisms behind this association with cardiovascular protection are not clear. This review compares the contribution of noninsulin-mediated glucose transport during pharmacologic inhibition of SGLT2 with noninsulin-mediated glucose transport during lactation in terms of the implications for the cardiometabolic health of parous women. The search topics used to obtain information on SGLT2 inhibitors included mechanisms of action, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. The search topics used to obtain information on lactation included cardiovascular health and milk composition. Subsequent reference searches of retrieved articles were also used. Active treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors affects glucose and sodium transport in the kidneys and predominantly protects against hospitalization for heart failure soon after the onset of therapy. Active lactation stimulates glucose transport into the mammary gland and improves subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease years after delivery. Both SGLT2 inhibitors and lactation have effects on a variety of glucose transporters. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardiometabolic benefits of SGLT2 inhibition and lactation. Learning from the similarities and differences between both processes will advance our understanding of cardiometabolic health for all people.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity before and After Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Natalia Niezgoda, Tomasz Chomiuk, Artur Mamcarz, Daniel Śliż","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2024.0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lifestyle changes including reduced calorie intake and increased physical activity (PA) improve the prognosis associated with bariatric surgery (BS) and metabolic indices. Early implementation of exercise leads to improved physical performance, better glycemic control and lipid profile, reduces the risks associated with anesthesia, and accelerates recovery from surgery. Undertaking systematic exercise after BS is associated with a better quality of life, improves insulin sensitivity, results in additional weight loss, reduces adverse effects on bone mass, and results in better body composition. The aim of this review was to summarize recommendations for physical activity in patients undergoing BS and to highlight the key role of physical activity in this patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Relative Grip Strength, Insulin Resistance, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"DooYong Park, Byungul Lim, On Lee","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0177","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This study aims to investigate the combined association between insulin resistance (IR) levels, relative grip strength (RGS), and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), stratified by sex, using longitudinal data. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study included 1702 adult participants aged 51-88 years who completed surveys in both 2013-2014 and during a subsequent follow-up in 2019-2020. NAFLD was assessed using the hepatic steatosis index, and RGS was measured using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN, Korea). To assess the interaction between RGS and IR levels and their impact on NAFLD risk, we employed a proportional hazards Cox regression model. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for NAFLD incidence. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After adjusting for various confounding variables, we observed a significant decrease in NAFLD risk in the middle RGS group (HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53-0.93) and high RGS group (HR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.22-0.44) compared to the low RGS group. In addition, significant sex differences were noted in the relationship between IR, RGS levels, and NAFLD incidence across different groups. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study highlights that higher RGS levels are independently associated with a reduced risk of developing NAFLD. Notably, RGS emerges as a predictive indicator for assessing NAFLD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance of Characteristics and Metabolic Syndrome in Couples: Insights from a National Survey.","authors":"Kayoung Lee","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0084","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Objective:</i></b> There is insufficient evidence on whether the concordance of sociodemographic, behavioral, and nutritional characteristics between spouses correlates with the concordance of metabolic syndrome (MetS) between spouses, or if a spouse's characteristics are directly linked to their own MetS. This study seeks to evaluate the association between the concordance of characteristics and the concordance of MetS in couples and investigate whether a spouse's attributes are linked to their partner's MetS. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Analyzing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021, 1824 couples with complete data, including MetS parameters, sociodemographic details, health behaviors, and dietary information, were included. General linear model and logistic regression were employed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among couples, 10.7% exhibited concordant MetS, with spousal concordance ranging from 1.3% to 81.5% for nonoptimal characteristics. Multivariate analysis revealed that the odds of both partners having MetS increased by 1.04-1.61 times with a higher mean age of the couple and higher concordance in lower education, poor subjective health, insufficient strength exercise, and excessive carbohydrate consumption. When accounting for both individual and spousal factors, the odds of MetS rose with the higher mean age of the couple, having a spouse with MetS, their own characteristics (lower education, poor subjective health, insufficient strength exercise, and sedentary behavior for husbands and wives; alcohol consumption and insufficient walking for husbands; and excessive carbohydrate intake for wives), and spousal factors such as smoking (in husbands) and lower education, lower economic status, and excessive carbohydrate intake (in wives). In wives, spousal sedentary behavior and poor subjective health were linked to decreased odds. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The findings suggest a connection between MetS concordance and shared characteristics in couples, as well as an association between both spousal MetS status and characteristics and their own MetS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"591-597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Burden of Metabolic Risk in Cardiovascular Disease: Trends in Disability-Adjusted Life Years from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2019.","authors":"Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Marzieh Mahmudimanesh","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0050","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Metabolic risk factors significantly elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are recognized as one of the primary contributors to these conditions. This study explored the trends and percentage changes in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to metabolic risk factors for CVD from 1990 to 2019. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from the Global Burden of Disease study was utilized to depict changes across metabolic risk factors by sociodemographic indices and sex groups. The Mann-Kendall test was employed to ascertain the significance of these trends. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The findings indicate that the DALY percentage change over these years was more pronounced in low-middle and middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries than in others. The most substantial percentage increase, approximately 60%, was observed in regions with low SDI, attributed to high body mass index (BMI). On average, the greatest DALYs were associated with high systolic blood pressure (SBP). Moreover, the trend for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high SBP declined in countries with high SDI. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It can be concluded that to mitigate the global mortality and morbidity from heart diseases, there needs to be a focused emphasis on managing metabolic risk factors, particularly in low-Middle and middle SDI countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"567-574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive Liver Fibrosis Indices as Indicators of Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Hande Erman, Banu Boyuk, Seyma Arslan, Seydahmet Akin, Özcan Keskin","doi":"10.1089/met.2024.0022","DOIUrl":"10.1089/met.2024.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more prevalent in patients with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, which are risk factors for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. NAFLD is related to cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes. We aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetic complications and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Three hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were retrospectively evaluated according to NAFLD diagnosis on ultrasound in outpatient clinic. Risk of advanced fibrosis was estimated using FIB-4 and NFS. Diabetic complications of the patients were noted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Presence of diabetic retinopathy is related to FIB-4 (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and NFS (<i>P</i> < 0.001) scores. NFS score (<i>P</i> = 0.037), not FIB-4 (<i>P</i> = 0.517), is related to diabetic nephropathy. Among macrovascular complications, only coronary artery disease is related to NFS and FIB-4 scores (<i>P</i> = 0.037 and <i>P</i> = 0.004, respectively). Although we cannot establish any association between fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values and noninvasive liver fibrosis scores (<i>P</i> > 0.05), diabetes duration, and age positively correlated with the FIB-4 score (<i>P</i> = 0.033, <i>P</i> = 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, NFS > 0.676 values are associated with increased rates of diabetic retinopathy, independent of age, sex, HbA1c, and duration diabetes (odds ratio: 1.155, <i>P</i> = 0.030). FIB-4 has no relation with microvascular complications according to logistic regression analysis (<i>P</i> > 0.05 for all). Neither FIB-4 nor NFS has an effect on the presence of macrovascular complications (<i>P</i> > 0.05 for all). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings suggest that increase in NFS score is associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy, independent of confounding factors. Further studies are needed on the applicability of noninvasive fibrosis scores in monitoring the presence of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"619-625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}