Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

{"title":"Circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone, Activins, Inhibins, and Follistatin in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Idiopathic Hirsutism: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Sevil Savaş Erdoğan, Meryem Hocaoğlu, Filiz Cebeci Kahraman, İlkin Zindancı, Fatih Özçelik","doi":"10.1177/15578518261495359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261495359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hirsutism is characterized by excessive terminal hair growth in androgen-sensitive areas in women. Idiopathic hirsutism (IH) is the second most common cause after polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet its pathophysiology remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), activins, inhibins, and follistatin in women with PCOS-related and IH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 55 hirsute women with PCOS, 50 with IH, and 50 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Menstrual patterns and modified Ferriman-Gallwey scores were recorded. Serum levels of AMH, activin A, activin B, inhibin A, inhibin B, follistatin, and relevant reproductive hormones were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AMH levels were significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared with the IH and control groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> < 0.05, respectively), whereas no significant difference was observed between the IH and control groups. Activin B levels did not differ among groups; however, activin A levels were lower in the PCOS group than in controls (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In contrast, inhibin A, inhibin B, and follistatin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with controls (<i>P</i> < 0.01, <i>P</i> < 0.05, and <i>P</i> < 0.05, respectively). Inhibin A and inhibin B levels were also higher in the IH group than in controls. No significant differences in activins, inhibins, or follistatin were found between PCOS and IH groups. In multivariate analysis, only AMH remained independently associated with PCOS and showed a moderate ability to distinguish PCOS from non-PCOS subjects (area under the curve = 0.677).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women with PCOS exhibited altered serum levels of AMH, inhibins, follistatin, and activin A compared with controls. AMH levels were higher in PCOS than in IH, whereas inhibin A and inhibin B levels were elevated in both PCOS and IH. These findings suggest that these hormones are associated with the endocrine profile of PCOS and IH and may contribute to the characterization of hyperandrogenic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261495359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Potential of Different Anthropometric Indices in Predicting the Risk of Diabetes and Associated Co-morbidities.","authors":"Shivam Verma, Ritu Tiwari, Narsingh Verma, Shraddha Singh, Ajay Kumar Verma, Anupam Mittal","doi":"10.1177/15578518261451972","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261451972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes, a chronic disorder, is showing a rapidly increasing trend globally. India holds the second position in the global diabetes epidemic. The present investigation is an assessment of different anthropometric measurements and their association with type 2 diabetes to determine their diagnostic potential for diabetes as well as its co-morbidities. In this cross-sectional study, we have measured anthropometric parameters and blood biomarkers in subjects with diabetes. We have presented the comparisons of cost- and time-effective anthropometric variable with costly and time-dependent biochemical variables in control and diabetic groups (<i>n</i> = 233/group). Correlations between anthropometric variables and biochemical measurements, as well as the diagnostic utility of anthropometric variables for diabetes, were evaluated. The diagnostic utility of anthropometric variables for diabetes was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Neck circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), skinfold thickness, and body roundness index (BRI) displayed high specificity and diagnostic utility for diabetes, emphasizing their potential in predicting diabetes and the further development of metabolic syndrome. The study highlights the importance of cost- and time-effective anthropometric assessments in diabetes risk evaluation and calls for further research to elucidate this intricate relationship and develop personalized management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"343-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148032540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dynamic Nomogram to Predict Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Wen Ren, Yang Zheng, Yujing Sun, Shuai Li, Mingmin Chen, Ruoshu Duan, Jingjing Ren","doi":"10.1177/15578518261478894","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261478894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves multiple metabolic disorders. This study aimed to identify high-risk populations for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with MetS and to establish a dynamic predictive nomogram.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 627 patients with MetS from six regions in Zhejiang Province were enrolled and categorized into MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups, then randomly assigned to training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Independent predictors of MAFLD were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses. These predictors were then used to construct a dynamic nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 627 patients with MetS were included in the final analysis, of whom 77.0% (483/627) were diagnosed with MAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level as independent risk factors for MAFLD. MetS-defined dysglycemia showed the highest odds ratio (OR) for MAFLD development [OR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-3.29]. Although the number of MetS components and the metabolic syndrome score were significantly associated with MAFLD in univariate analysis, they were not independently associated with MAFLD in the multivariate model. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was developed and internally validated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.787-0.880) in the training set and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.771-0.899) in the validation set, indicating strong predictive performance. Bootstrap internal validation demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes in calibration curves. Decision curve analysis further indicated favorable clinical applicability of the nomogram.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMI, WC, TC, ALT, MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level are independent risk factors for MAFLD. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was successfully developed and validated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"363-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin Adherence and Risk of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An International Matched Cohort Study with Independent Validation.","authors":"Ying-Hsuan Tai, Hsueh-Yun Lee, Pai-Hao Huang, Wan-Ting Chen, Li-Nien Chien, Lung Chan, Chien-Tai Hong","doi":"10.1177/15578518261454613","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261454613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metformin is a popular first-line glucose-lowering medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although metformin reduces the risks of various complications of diabetes, its potential to cause polyneuropathy by depleting vitamin B12 levels is concerning. This study investigated whether the adherence or discontinuation of metformin after adding-on a second-line antiglycemic agent increases the risk of polyneuropathy in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from TriNetX were obtained, and patients with T2DM who were receiving second-line antiglycemic agents were divided into metformin-adherent and metformin-nonadherent groups based on prescription claims data. Neuropathy incidence was evaluated using diagnostic claims and nerve conduction examinations. For independent confirmation and external validation of the primary findings, we used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, 58,027 patients were included in each group. Compared with metformin adherent patients, metformin nonadherent patients had a higher risk of polyneuropathy (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.29; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Risks of diabetic foot ulcer, amputation, neuropathy-related medication use, and bone fracture were also higher among nonadherent patients. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings. In the validation NHIRD cohort (31,384 matched pairs), metformin nonadherence remained associated with increased polyneuropathy risk (aHR 1.25; 95% CI 1.10-1.42; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metformin adherence in patients with T2DM who require second-line treatment may reduce the risk of polyneuropathy; vitamin B supplementation may enhance this benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"353-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148032500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme Temperature and Incident Diabetes Risk Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A National Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Yizhan Wu, Han Shi, Li Zhang, Wenhui Shi, Laiyang Song, Jiangwei Liu","doi":"10.1177/15578518261470093","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261470093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The metabolic consequences of extreme temperature exposure in nondiabetic populations remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine associations between heatwave and coldwave exposure and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1803 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study participants aged ≥45 years with normoglycemia at baseline were followed from Wave 1 (2011) to Wave 3 (2015). Eighteen extreme-temperature indicators were derived from city-level fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis data. Outcomes were classified according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) were pooled across five imputed datasets, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (α = 0.0028) and sensitivity analysis adjusting for individual follow-up duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All nine heatwave indicators showed odds ratios (ORs) < 1.0 for DM and IGT. HT9 (≥97.5th percentile, ≥4 consecutive days) was the sole Bonferroni-significant result: OR = 0.845 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.802-0.890). Coldwave indicators showed no consistent associations. Age significantly modified the HT9 effect (<i>P</i>-interaction = 0.004): adults aged 65-84 showed a stronger inverse association (OR = 0.616) than those aged < 65 (OR = 0.921).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged heatwave exposure was consistently associated with reduced diabetes risk, with pronounced age heterogeneity. Replication in larger prospective studies is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"374-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uric Acid-to-HDL Cholesterol Ratio is Associated with Hepatic Steatosis but Not Fibrosis in Nonobese Adults: A NHANES 2017-2020 Study.","authors":"Linwan Li, Xiang'an Zhao","doi":"10.1177/15578518261470095","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261470095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has traditionally been regarded as a disease closely related to obesity, its prevalence is gradually rising in nonobese populations. The uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) is a novel metabolic biomarker that has been shown to be associated with MASLD. However, its role in nonobese individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between UHR and nonobese MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2017 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. UHR was calculated as the serum uric acid (UA) divided by the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Liver steatosis (using controlled attenuation parameters, CAP) and fibrosis (using liver stiffness measurement, LSM) were evaluated through vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Multivariate linear regression was employed to evaluate associations. Nonlinear relationships were examined using smoothed curve fitting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This analysis included 3573 participants (47.41% male; aged 20-80 years). Log₂-UHR was positively associated with CAP (β = 9.96, 95% CI: 6.93-12.98, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and MASLD prevalence (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.38-1.95, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions by sex, age, ethnicity, and smoking status (all <i>P</i> for interaction < 0.05), with stronger associations in females, adults aged 40-59 years, individuals of other Hispanic ethnicity, and never-smokers. Moreover, the association between log₂-UHR and CAP was linear and positive (<i>P</i> < 0.01). No significant association was found between log₂-UHR and LSM (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UHR is independently associated with hepatic steatosis but not fibrosis in nonobese US adults, suggesting its potential utility as an early risk assessment to tool. Large scale prospective studies are needed in the future to further validate the conclusions of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Severe Mental Illness?","authors":"Neslihan Cansel, Merve Çelik Özer, Şahide Nur İpek Melez, Şeyma Yaşar","doi":"10.1177/15578518261451959","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15578518261451959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with severe mental disorders (SMD) are at substantially elevated risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), contributing to excess cardiovascular morbidity and premature mortality. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with dysregulation of metabolic pathways, yet their contribution to MetS risk in SMD remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and MetS in outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) in clinical remission and to identify independent and incremental predictors of MetS using a hierarchical analytical framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 140 outpatients with SMD (96 with BD and 44 with SZ) in clinical remission, recruited from a university hospital in Eastern Turkey. MetS was defined according to NCEP-ATP III criteria, and ACEs were assessed using the Turkish version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale (ACE-TR). Hierarchical and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with MetS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MetS was highly prevalent in this sample (46.4%). ACE-TR total score was independently and consistently associated with MetS across all hierarchical models (odds ratio [OR] range: 1.68-1.77), with each one-unit increase conferring approximately 71% higher odds in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.32; <i>P</i> = 0.001). The number of hospitalizations was the only other independently associated variable (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.02-1.39). Sexual abuse (16.9% vs. 2.7%; <i>P</i> = 0.004), emotional neglect (63.1% vs. 30.7%; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and physical neglect (30.8% vs. 14.7%; <i>P</i> = 0.022) were significantly more prevalent in the MetS group. ACE-TR total score was positively correlated with waist circumference and triglyceride levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The strong and consistent association between ACEs and MetS underscores the importance of trauma-informed care models in psychiatric practice, where metabolic comorbidity remains a leading cause of premature mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"335-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147982221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Iron as a Key Predictor of Diabetes Risk: Findings from 13 Cities in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Saeed Awad M Alqahtani, Fadwa M Alkhulaifi, Jamilah Alshammari, Rasha Alonaizan, Sheka Yagub Aloyouni, Nada Bawazir, Hadiah B Almahdi, Zuhier Awan, Suliman Alomar","doi":"10.1177/15578518261479845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261479845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus represents a major public health challenge in Saudi Arabia. This study investigated the associations of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and serum iron levels with diabetes risk across 13 Saudi cities and developed a machine-learning model for diabetes prediction. Data from 49,259 individuals were obtained from Al Borg Laboratories for the period 2015-2023. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, chi-squared tests, and correlation analyses were performed. Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting models were evaluated using gender, age, BMI, and serum iron as predictors. The best-performing model was optimized through grid search with five-fold cross-validation. The cohort had a mean age of 45.92 years, mean BMI of 27.33 kg/m², and mean serum iron concentration of 87.11 µg/dL. The prevalence of diabetes was 10.31% and was higher among males than females (11.42% vs. 9.24%). Individuals with diabetes had significantly lower serum iron concentrations than those without diabetes (79.76 vs. 88.26 µg/dL; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and gender was significantly associated with diabetes status (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Random Forest demonstrated the best predictive performance, with an accuracy of 0.92, precision of 0.90, recall of 0.94, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96. Following hyperparameter tuning, the optimized model achieved a test-set accuracy of 0.90. Overall, gender, age, BMI, and serum iron levels were significantly associated with diabetes in the Saudi population, with lower serum iron levels linked to a higher prevalence of the disease. The optimized Random Forest model may provide a useful tool for diabetes risk prediction, supporting the potential application of machine learning in early detection and prevention. These findings also highlight the importance of monitoring iron status and developing tailored strategies for individuals with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261479845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunometabolic Score AISI, UHR, RDW-to-Triglycerides and LDL-c-to-HDL-c Ratios as Early Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in a Young Mexican Population with Elevated Waist-to-Height Ratio.","authors":"Rubén Omar Urbina-Rodríguez, Juan Diego Cortés-García, Eneida Turiján-Espinoza, Isela Parra-Rojas, José Alfredo Haro-Ortíz, Eunice Lares-Villaseñor, Juan Manuel Vargas-Morales, Diana Patricia Portales-Pérez","doi":"10.1177/15578518261490095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261490095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is defined as the accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissue, accompanied by metabolic and immunological disturbances that increase the risk of organ damage. Current definitions recommend the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as a practical indicator of central adiposity, while immunometabolic biomarkers may improve early risk stratification. The present study evaluated whether immunometabolic indices derived from routine hematological and lipid parameters can differentiate WHtR categories and identify young adults with elevated cardiometabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1296 volunteers aged 18-26 years, from the university health center at the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Participants were classified according to WHtR as WHtR < 0.5, WHtR 0.50-0.59, and WHtR ≥ 0.60. The indices calculated were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), red cell distribution width (RDW)/HDL-c, RDW/TAG, uric acid-to-HDL-c ratio (UHR), monocyte-to-HDL-c ratio (MHR), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). Multivariate analyses were used for exploration, variable selection, and construction of an immunometabolic score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with WHtR ≥ 0.60 represented 10.9% of the cohort and demonstrated higher triglycerides, LDL-c, uric acid, UHR, and MHR, which showed positive correlations with body mass index and blood pressure. UHR demonstrated 85.1% sensitivity and 65.5% specificity in discriminating WHtR ≥ 0.60. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-derived immunometabolic score, incorporating LDL-c-to-HDL-c, RDW-to-TAG, UHR, AISI, and sex, increased across WHtR categories and discriminated WHtR ≥ 0.60 with an area under the curve of 0.869.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the potential use of these immunometabolic indices as complementary tools for identifying young adults with a higher cardiometabolic risk profile and high central adiposity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261490095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Utility of the Atherogenic Plasma Index for Identifying Atherogenic Dyslipidemia: A Large Cross-Sectional Analysis Stratified by Sex and Thyroid Status.","authors":"Fatih Çon, Alev Kural, Duygu Sarı Ak","doi":"10.1177/15578518261489012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15578518261489012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The atherogenic plasma index (AIP) has emerged as a promising marker reflecting the balance between triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, its clinical utility in identifying atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD), particularly across sex and thyroid function subgroups, remains incompletely characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the discriminatory performance of AIP and non-HDL-C for identifying AD in a large laboratory-based population, to evaluate this comparison across sex- and thyroid-status strata, and to explore thyroid-related and hematological patterns across AIP quartiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This laboratory-based cross-sectional study included 76.743 adult individuals with complete lipid, thyroid, and hematological parameters retrieved from preexisting routinely collected laboratory information system records. Participants were stratified into AIP quartiles. The primary analysis was the receiver operating characteristic-based comparison of AIP and non-HDL-C for identifying AD. Secondary analyses included AIP quartile group comparisons, Spearman correlation analysis, and exploratory multinomial logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AIP showed excellent discriminatory performance for identifying AD and outperformed non-HDL-C in the overall cohort (area under the curve 0.972 vs. 0.710). This stronger discriminatory performance was also observed across sex- and thyroid-status strata. Across AIP quartiles, lipid-related parameters showed the largest differences, particularly TG, HDL-C, and remnant cholesterol. Thyroid-related and hematological indices also differed across quartiles, but effect sizes were small. In exploratory multinomial regression models, age and male sex showed the most consistent associations with higher AIP quartile membership, whereas thyroid-related and hematological indices provided additional but limited explanatory information.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AIP is a powerful and clinically practical marker for identifying AD, demonstrating superior and consistent performance compared with non-HDL-C across different clinical subgroups. Thyroid-related and hematological findings should be interpreted as exploratory rather than causal or biologically independent effects. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to validate generalizable AIP cutoff values and assess its added value beyond conventional lipid markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18405,"journal":{"name":"Metabolic syndrome and related disorders","volume":" ","pages":"15578518261489012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}