Medicinal Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Promising Potential of Curcumin and Related Compounds for Antiviral Drug Discovery","authors":"Archana Sharma, Twinkle Sharma, Rajveer Bhaskar, Monika Ola, Alok Sharma, Vijay Kumar Thakur, Prabodh Chander Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0115734064277371240325105016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734064277371240325105016","url":null,"abstract":": Viruses are acellular, microscopic, and mobile particles containing genetic particles, either DNA/RNA strands as nucleoproteins, responsible for 69,53,743 deaths till the year 2023. Curcumin and related compounds are among the areas of pivotal interest for researchers because of their versatile pharmacological profile. Chemically known as diferuloylmethane, which is a main constituent of turmeric along with demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, they have a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus (Avian influenza) and Hepatitis C virus HIV. The possible role of curcumin as an antiviral agent may be attributed to the activation of the 20S proteasome, a cellular machinery responsible for degrading unfolded or misfolded proteins in a ubiquitin-independent manner. It shows suppression of HBV entry at various infection stages by inhibiting cccDNA replication by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to attenuate IAV-induced myocarditis.","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterocyclic-Based Analogues against Sarcine-Ricin Loop RNA from Escherichia coli: In Silico Molecular Docking Study and Machine Learning Classifiers","authors":"Shivangi Sharma, Rahul Choubey, Manish Gupta, Shivendra Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115734064266329231228050535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734064266329231228050535","url":null,"abstract":"aims: To develop potential antibacterial drugs using molecular docking and machine learning approach background: A significant portion of organic chemistry, or about two-thirds of all organic substances, is devoted to heterocyclic chemistry. Carbocyclic is an organic cyclic compound that has all its carbon atoms arranged in rings. A large variety of heterocyclic compounds are designed and synthesized. The heterocyclic compounds are those cyclic molecules where one or more of the ring carbons are replaced by nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur etc. Heterocycles contain nitrogen atoms such as quinolines, indoles, pyrazine, isoindole, pyrrole, pyridine, imidazole, azocine, thiazoles, etc. (Figure 1). Synthesis is always a desirable field in organic chemistry since it demonstrates a variety of biological activities. Due to their diverse biodynamic properties, quinoline, indole, and their derivatives have a special place in the chemistry of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic molecules. The significance of indole can be documented both by the ever increasing number of publications (more than 80,000 in the 20th century) that target chemistry and by its presence in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, agrochemicals, pigments, material science, organic electronics, and natural products. objective: 1. To find out the potential protein responsible for antibacterial activity. 2. To study the interaction study of heterocyclic compounds with specific protein. 3. To optimize the molecular interaction through machine learning approach. method: Molecular docking study and Machine learning approach result: we examine the molecular coupling of drugs with heterocyclic compounds against the E. coli Sarcin-Ricin Loop RNA with an alteration of C-2667-2'-OCF3 (PDB ID: 6ZYB). These compounds in silico molecular docking analysis showed that they exhibit strong binding affinities, adequate residual interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions with the protein Sarcin-Ricin Loop RNA from E. coli with a C-2667-2'-OCF3 alteration, indicating potential bioactivity. The binding affinity value for heterocyclic compounds 1-9 is -5.3 to -10.1 Kcal/mol. Many residues exhibit interactions with heterocyclic molecules, according to the findings of this study. Some of the identified amino acids are A:G2648, A:C2649, A:A2670, A:G2671, A:G2669, A:U2650, A:QSK2667, A:G2668, A:C2651, A:C2652, A:U2653, A:C2666, A:A2665 A:QSK2667, A:U2672, A:U2650 & A:A2654 many more. The Machine learning tool is also used to choose the best analysis of molecular descriptors. For these classifiers, molecular descriptor dataset is taken, which shows that training accuracy and testing accuracy is very high and crucial for developing similar antibacterial drugs in near future. conclusion: In the near future, powerful antibacterial treatments could be developed using heterocyclic compounds, which shows how useful it is to do research to identify potential effective antibiotic drugs. In this investigation, many software program","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139677919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review On Major Antiviral Phytocompounds from Common Medicinal Plants Against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Suvendu Ghosh, Partha Singha, Lakshmi Kanta Das, Debosree Ghosh","doi":"10.2174/0115734064262843231120051452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734064262843231120051452","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Viral infections are rising around the globe and with evolving virus types and increasing varieties of viral invasions; the human body is developing antimicrobial resistance continuously. This is making the fight of mankind against viruses weak and unsecured. On the other hand, changing lifestyle, globalization and human activities adversely affecting the environment are opening up risks for new viral predominance on human race. In this context the world has witnessed the pandemic of the human Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) recently. The disease is caused by the Coronavirus namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2). Method and Materia: Developing potential and effective vaccine is also time consuming and challenging. The huge resource of plants around us has rich source of potent antiviral compounds. Some of these molecules may serve as tremendously potent lead molecules whose slight structural modifications may give us highly bioactive antiviral derivatives of phytocompounds. Every geographical region is rich in unique plant biodiversity and hence every corner of the world with rich plant biodiversity can serve as abode for potential magical phytocompounds most of which have not been extensively explored for development of antiviral drug formulations against various viruses like the HIV, HPV etc., and the Coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2 which causes the disease COVID-19. Result: Several phytocompounds from various medicinal plants have already been screened using in silico tools and some of them have yielded promising results establishing themselves as potent lead molecules for development of drugs against the highly mutating SARS-CoV-2 virus and thus these phytocompounds may be beneficial in treating COVID-19 and help human to win the life threatening battle against the deadly virus. Conclusion: The best advantage is that these phytocompounds being derived from nature in most of the cases, come with minimum or no side effects compared to that of chemically synthesized conventional bioactive compounds and are indigenously available hence are the source of cost effective drug formulations with strong therapeutic potentials.","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4D-QSAR and MIA-QSAR Studies of Aminobenzimidazole Derivatives as Fourth-generation EGFR Inhibitors.","authors":"Xuegong Jia, Chaochun Wei, Nana Tian, Hong Yan, Hongjun Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115734064258994231106052633","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064258994231106052633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein has been intensively studied as a therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aminobenzimidazole derivatives as the fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors have achieved promising results and overcame EGFR mutations at C797S, del19 and T790M in NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In order to understand the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of aminobenzimidazole derivatives as EGFRdel19 T790M C797S inhibitors, the four-dimensional QSAR (4D-QSAR) and multivariate image analysis (MIA-QSAR) have been performed on the data of 45 known aminobenzimidazole derivatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 4D-QSAR descriptors were acquired by calculating the association energies between probes and aligned conformational ensemble profiles (CEP), and the regression models were established by partial least squares (PLS). In order to further understand and verify the 4D-QSAR model, MIA-QSAR was constructed by using chemical structure pictures to generate descriptors and PLS regression. Furthermore, the molecular docking and averaged noncovalent interactions (aNCI) analysis were also performed to further understand the interactions between ligands and the EGFR targets, which was in good agreement with the 4D-QSAR model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The established 4D-QSAR and MIA-QSAR models have strong stability and good external prediction ability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results will provide theoretical guidance for the research and development of aminobenzimidazole derivatives as new EGFRdel19 T790M C797S inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"140-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92155165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> and <i>In vitro</i> Assessment of Dimeric Flavonoids (Brachydins) on <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Glutathione S-transferase.","authors":"Wallyson André Dos Santos Bezerra, Caio Pavão Tavares, Victor Antônio Silva Lima, Cláudia Quintino da Rocha, Itabajara da Silva Vaz Junior, Paul A M Michels, Livio Martins Costa Junior, Alexandra Martins Dos Santos Soares","doi":"10.2174/0115734064298481240517072216","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064298481240517072216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i>, an important cattle ectoparasite, is responsible for a substantial negative impact on the economy due to productivity loss. The emergence of resistance to widely used commercial acaricides has sparked efforts to explore alternative products for tick control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this challenge, innovative solutions targeting essential tick enzymes, like glutathione S-transferase (GST), have gained attention. Dimeric flavonoids, particularly brachydins (BRAs), have demonstrated various biological activities, including antiparasitic effects. The objectives of this study were to isolate four dimeric flavonoids from <i>Fridericia platyphylla</i> roots and to evaluate their potential as inhibitors of <i>R. microplus</i> GST.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vitro</i> assays confirmed the inhibition of <i>R. microplus</i> GST by BRA-G, BRA-I, BRA-J, and BRA-K with IC₅₀ values of 0.075, 0.079, 0.075, and 0.058 mg/mL, respectively, with minimal hemolytic effects. Molecular docking of BRA-G, BRA-I, BRA-J, and BRA-K in a threedimensional model of <i>R. microplus</i> GST revealed predicted interactions with MolDock Scores of - 142.537, -126.831, -108.571, and -123.041, respectively. Both <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vitro</i> analyses show that brachydins are potential inhibitors of <i>R. microplus</i> GST.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study deepen our understanding of GST inhibition in ticks, affirming its viability as a drug target. This knowledge contributes to the advancement of treatment modalities and strategies for improved tick control.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"912-919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrazole Paradigms: Unveiling Synthetic Pathways and Unraveling Anti-Cancer Potential.","authors":"Poonam Kumari, Neetu Agrawal, Somdutt Mujwar","doi":"10.2174/0115734064312273240429110026","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064312273240429110026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review investigates the synthetic methods and anti-cancer activities of pyrazole compounds. Various synthetic approaches, including traditional organic synthesis and microwaveassisted synthesis, have been used to change the pyrazole core structure, resulting in new compounds with improved pharmacological properties. The paper also covers the mechanisms of action that underpin pyrazole derivatives' anti-cancer characteristics, focusing on interactions with major molecular targets implicated in cancer growth and proliferation. SAR insights help to rationally develop novel anti-cancer drugs. In conclusion, the review emphasizes the versatility of pyrazole derivatives as scaffolds for the discovery and development of new anti-cancer medicines. By understanding synthesis routes and unravelling anti-cancer potential, this study hopes to encourage new research endeavours focused on leveraging the therapeutic advantages of pyrazole paradigms in the fight against cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"799-817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Potentiation Through Phytochemical-Based Efflux Pump Inhibitors to Combat Multidrug Resistance Bacteria.","authors":"Harveer Singh Cheema, Anupam Maurya, Sandeep Kumar, Vineet Kumar Pandey, Raman Mohan Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115734064263586231022135644","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064263586231022135644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance development poses a significant danger to the efficacy of antibiotics, which were once believed to be the most efficient method for treating infections caused by bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance typically involves various mechanisms, such as drug inactivation or modification, drug target modification, drug uptake restriction, and drug efflux, resulting in decreased antibiotic concentrations within the cell. Antimicrobial resistance has been associated with efflux Pumps, known for their capacity to expel different antibiotics from the cell non-specifically. This makes EPs fascinating targets for creating drugs to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The varied structures of secondary metabolites (phytomolecules) found in plants have positioned them as a promising reservoir of efflux pump inhibitors. These inhibitors act as modifiers of bacterial resistance and facilitate the reintroduction of antibiotics that have lost clinical effectiveness. Additionally, they may play a role in preventing the emergence of multidrug resistant strains.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this review article is to discuss the latest studies on plant-based efflux pump inhibitors such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and tetralones. It highlighted their potential in enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics and combating the development of multidrug resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) derived from botanical sources, including compounds like lysergol, chanaoclavine, niazrin, 4-hydroxy-α-tetralone, ursolic acid, phytol, etc., as well as their partially synthesized forms, have shown significant potential as practical therapeutic approaches in addressing antimicrobial resistance caused by efflux pumps. Further, several phyto-molecules and their analogs demonstrated superior potential for reversing drug resistance, surpassing established agents like reserpine, niaziridin, etc. Conclusion: This review found that while the phyto-molecules and their derivatives did not possess notable antimicrobial activity, their combination with established antibiotics significantly reduced their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Specific molecules, such as chanaoclavine and niaziridin, exhibited noteworthy potential in reversing the effectiveness of drugs, resulting in a reduction of the MIC of tetracycline by up to 16 times against the tested strain of bacteria. These molecules inhibited the efflux pumps responsible for drug resistance and displayed a stronger affinity for membrane proteins. By employing powerful EPIs, these molecules can selectively target and obstruct drug efflux pumps. This targeted approach can significantly augment the strength and efficacy of older antibiotics against various drug resistant bacteria, given that active drug efflux poses a susceptibility for nearly all antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"557-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71424867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrazolo - Pyrimidines as Targeted Anticancer Scaffolds - A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Kesavamoorthy Kandhasamy, Remya Ramachandran Surajambika, Pradeep Kumar Velayudham","doi":"10.2174/0115734064251256231018104623","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064251256231018104623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, cancer is the leading cause of death, which causes 10 million deaths yearly. Clinically, several drugs are used in treatment but due to drug resistance and multidrug resistance, there occurs a failure in the cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present review article is a comprehensive review of pyrazole and pyrimidine hybrids as potential anticancer agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review comprises more than 60 research works done in this field. The efficiency of the reported pyrazolopyrimidine fused heterocyclic with their biological data and the influence of the structural aspects of the molecule have been discussed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review highlighted pyrazolo-pyrimidines as targeted anticancer agents with effect on multiple targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review will be helpful for the researchers involved in targeted drugs for cancer therapy for designing new scaffolds with pyrazolo-pyrimidine moieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"293-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54229913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Therapeutic Marvels: A Comprehensive Review on the Biological Potential of Quinoline-5,8-Dione.","authors":"Neetu Agrawal, Dimple Bansal, Shilpi Pathak","doi":"10.2174/0115734064287677231215070816","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064287677231215070816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quinoline-5,8-diones, also referred to as 5,8-quinolinediones or quinolinequinones, have been researched extensively for their antiproliferative effects, where they displayed great results. Other than anticancer, they exhibit multiple activities such as antimalarial, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Natural quinolinequinones have also been known for their significant activities. The review highlights the diverse biological activities exhibited by synthetic quinoline- 5,8-diones over the past two decades. Continued research in this field is warranted to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of these intriguing compounds and their derivatives for future drug development. By comprehensively evaluating the therapeutic applications and biological activities of quinoline-5,8-dione derivatives, this review endeavors to provide researchers and practitioners with a valuable resource that will foster informed decision-making and inspire further investigations into harnessing the immense potential of this intriguing scaffold for the benefit of human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"385-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139087364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Profound Insight into the Structure-activity Relationship of Ubiquitous Scaffold Piperazine: An Explicative Review.","authors":"Jasmine Chaudhary, Vishal Sharma, Akash Jain, Diksha Sharma, Bhawna Chopra, Ashwani K Dhingra","doi":"10.2174/0115734064244117230923172611","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064244117230923172611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite extensive research in the field of drug discovery and development, still there is a need to develop novel molecular entities. Literature reveals a substantial heterocyclic nucleus named, piperazine, which shows an immense therapeutic voyage. For several decades, molecules having the piperazine nucleus have entered the market as a drug exhibiting biological potential. It was known to possess antipsychotic, antihistamine, antianginal, antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory activity with a specific basis for structural activity relationship. Thus, it is regarded as a key structural feature in most of the already available therapeutic drugs in the market. Reports also suggest that the extensive utilization of these currently available drugs having a piperazine nucleus shows increasing tolerance significantly day by day. In addition to this, various other factors like solubility, low bioavailability, cost-effectiveness, and imbalance between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profile limit their utilization. Focusing on that issues, various structural modification studies were performed on the piperazine moiety to develop new derivatives/analogs to overcome the problems associated with available marketed drugs. Thus, this review article aims to gain insight into the number of structural modifications at the N-1 and N-4 positions of the piperazine scaffold. This SAR approach may prove to be the best way to overcome the above-discussed drawbacks and lead to the design of drug molecules with better efficacy and affinity. Hence, there is an urgent need to focus on the structural features of this scaffold which paves further work for deeper exploration and may help medicinal chemists as well as pharmaceutical industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41183023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}