Medicinal Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Efficient Synthesis of Mannopyranoside-based Fatty Acyl Esters: Effects of Acyl Groups on Antimicrobial Potential.","authors":"Md Lutfor Rahaman, Md Atiqur Rahman, Md Mohin Hasnain, Mohammad Amran, Talha Bin Emran, Md Ashikur Rahaman Khan, Md Abdul Majed Patwary, Mohsin Kazi, Mohammed Mahbubul Matin","doi":"10.2174/0115734064292665240523113515","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064292665240523113515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The approval of Sucrose Fatty Acid Esters (SFAEs) as food additives/ preservatives with antimicrobial potential has triggered enormous interest in discovering new biological applications. Accordingly, many researchers reported that SFAEs consist of various sugar moieties, and hydrophobic side chains are highly active against certain fungal species.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to conduct aregioselective synthesis of SAFE and check the effect of chain length and site of acylation (i.e., C-6 vs. C-2, C-3, C-4, and long-chain vs. short-chain) on antimicrobial potency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A direct acylation method maintaining several conditions was used for esterification. <i>In vitro</i> tests, molecular docking, and in silico studies were conducted using standard procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vitro</i> tests revealed that the fatty acid chain length in mannopyranoside esters significantly affects the antifungal activity, where C12 chains are more potent against Aspergillus species. In terms of acylation site, mannopyranoside esters with a C8 chain substituted at the C-6 position are more active in antifungal inhibition. Molecular docking also revealed that these mannopyranoside esters had comparatively better stable binding energy and hence better inhibition, with the fungal enzymes lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (3LD6), urate oxidase (1R51), and glucoamylase (1KUL) than the standard antifungal drug fluconazole. Additionally, the thermodynamic, orbital, drug-likeness, and safety profiles of these mannopyranoside esters were calculated and discussed, along with the Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study thus highlights the importance of the acylation site and lipid-like fatty acid chain length that govern the antimicrobial activity of mannopyranoside-based SFAE.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"385-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Iodine-Amine Oxidation Approach in the Synthesis of Various N-Alkyl Phosphoramidate Oligonucleotide Derivatives.","authors":"Mikhail D Nekrasov, Dmitrii V Pyshnyi, Maxim S Kupryushkin","doi":"10.2174/0115734064325532241002105426","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064325532241002105426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nowadays, use of phosphate modifications in oligonucleotide backbone has become a common approach for imbuing its structure with the desired beneficial properties. The recent advances in successful application of different classes of phosphate modifications in the design of therapeutic oligonucleotides have led to a renewed interest in the development of approaches for introducing diverse classes of phosphate modifications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aims to investigate the efficiency and optimize protocols for the application of the iodine-amine oxidation reaction to produce various N-alkyl phosphoramidate oligonucleotide derivatives during the conventional solid-phase phosphoramidite synthesis method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Various solvents and drying reagents were tested, and it was evaluated that even minor traces of water in a reaction mixture had a significant impact on yield. Using set of commercially available amines, it was shown that steric accessibility is a more critical parameter than nucleophilicity of the amino group in oxidative amination reaction. It was demonstrated that through use of amino alcohols and diamines during iodine-amine oxidation step various branched oligonucleotide structures can be synthesized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained data indicates that the oxidative amination approach can be a promising tool for preparing various oligonucleotide derivatives during solid-phase synthesis without the use of specialized phosphoramidite monomers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"21 3","pages":"229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring <i>Cannabis sativa L</i> for Anti-Alzheimer Potential: An Extensive Computational Study including Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and ADMET Assessments.","authors":"Hassan Nour, Imane Yamari, Oussama Abchir, Nouh Mounadi, Abdelouahid Samadi, Salah Belaidi, Samir Chtita","doi":"10.2174/0115734064318657240822064240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734064318657240822064240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cholinesterase enzymes play a pivotal role in hydrolyzing acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for memory and cognition, into its components, acetic acid, and choline. A primary approach in addressing Alzheimer's disease symptoms is by inhibiting the action of these enzymes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With this context, our study embarked on a mission to pinpoint potential Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors using a comprehensive computational methodology. A total of 49 phytoconstituents derived from <i>Cannabis sativa L</i> underwent <i>in silico</i> screening via molecular docking, pharmacokinetic and pharmacotoxicological analysis, to evaluate their ability to inhibit cholinesterase enzymes. Out of these, two specific compounds, namely tetrahydrocannabivarin and Δ-9- tetrahydrocannabinol, belonging to cannabinoids, stood out as prospective therapeutic agents against Alzheimer's due to their potential as cholinesterase inhibitors. These candidates showcased commendable binding affinities with the cholinesterase enzymes, highlighting their interaction with essential enzymatic residues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>They were predicted to exhibit greater binding affinities than Rivastigmine and Galantamine. Their ADMET assessments further classified them as viable oral pharmaceutical drugs. They are not expected to induce any mutagenic or hepatotoxic effects and cannot produce skin sensitization. In addition, these phytoconstituents are predicted to be BBB permeable and can reach the central nervous system (CNS) and exert their therapeutic effects. To delve deeper, we explored molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the stability of the complex formed between the best candidate (Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and the target proteins under simulated biological conditions. The MD study affirmed that the ligand-ChE recognition is a spontaneous reaction leading to stable complexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research outcomes provide valuable insights, offering a clear direction for the pharmaceutical sector in the pursuit of effective anti-Alzheimer treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"21 5","pages":"367-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Synthesis of 3-(Phenylsulfonamido)benzamide Derivatives as Potent Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors: Biological Evaluations and Molecular Modeling Studies.","authors":"Mohammad A Khanfar, Mohammad Saleh","doi":"10.2174/0115734064325144240823073504","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064325144240823073504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is known to be overexpressed in various tumors and plays a significant role in tumor development and progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of 3-(benzylsulfonamido)benzamides derivatives was synthesized and tested for their CAIX inhibitory activities. The two most active compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity testing against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Many of the synthesized compounds successfully inhibited CAIX activities, exhibiting IC₅₀ values in the low nanomolar range. The most potent CAIX inhibitor was compound 14, with an IC₅₀ of 140 nM. Structure-activity relationship analysis of the synthesized compounds supported with molecular docking revealed strong coordination of sulfonamide moiety with the catalytic Zn²⁺ metal, hydrophobic interactions of the benzylsulfonamido ring with a hydrophobic pocket, and π- stacking interactions of the aryl ring with an aromatic surface. The two most active analogues (10 and 14) were further tested for their antiproliferative activities in the NCI-60 human tumor cell lines. Notably, compound 14 demonstrated potent growth inhibitory effects against several cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synthesized analogues represent a novel scaffold for the treatment of different types of cancer by targeting CAIX.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"21 2","pages":"160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Pot Synthesis of Benzoxazoles: A Promising Approach to Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds Preparation.","authors":"Monika Chauhan, Sumitra Nain","doi":"10.2174/0115734064326002240912102121","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064326002240912102121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the necessity for broad synthetic operations, integrating various reactions into a single pot operation is an intriguing approach to improve synthetic efficiency. One-pot operations may serve as an effective way to minimize the amount of chemical waste generated, save time, avoid multiple purification processes, accomplish numerous transformations, and make multiple bonds in one pot. Therefore, \"pot economy\" should be considered while designing a synthesis process, since a one-pot reaction can be effective and environmentally safe. Outstanding synthesis has rapidly increased over the last ten years. This study's main goal was to illustrate various one-pot methods that lead to advantageous synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"21 4","pages":"251-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Quinoline Derivatives: Their Antimalarial Efficacy and Structural Features.","authors":"Raghav Mishra, Jayze da Cunha Xavier, Nitin Kumar, Gaurav Krishna, Prashant Kumar Dhakad, Helcio Silva Dos Santos, Paulo Nogueira Bandeira, Tigressa Helena Soares Rodrigues, Diego Romao Gondim, Walber Henrique Ferreira Ribeiro, Draulio Sales da Silva, Alexandre Magno Rodrigues Teixeira, Wandresa Francelino Pereira, Emmanuel Silva Marinho, Sucheta","doi":"10.2174/0115734064318361240827072124","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064318361240827072124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Malaria continues to be the primary cause of mortality worldwide, and timely recognition and prompt intervention are crucial in mitigating adverse consequences. This review article aims to examine the effectiveness and structural characteristics of quinoline-based compounds as antimalarial agents. It specifically focuses on their therapeutic effects as well as potential prospects for exploring structure-activity relationship (SAR). In addition, this study aims to identify lead compounds that can efficiently battle multidrug-resistant forms of <i>Plasmodium falciparum </i> and <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of quinoline-based antimalarial medications in eradicating <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i>. The mechanism of action and SAR of these compounds were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quinoline-based antimalarials demonstrated significant effectiveness in eliminating <i>P. falciparum</i> parasites, particularly in regions severely impacted by malaria, including Africa and Asia. These compounds were found to exhibit tolerance and immune-modulating properties, indicating their potential for more widespread utilization. The investigation identified various new quinoline compounds with improved antimalarial activity, including metal-chloroquine complexes, diaminealkyne chloroquines, and cinnamoylated chloroquine hybrids. This study explored different mechanisms by which these compounds interact with parasites, including their ability to accumulate in the parasite's acidic food vacuoles and disrupt heme detoxification. The derivatives demonstrated strong efficacy against chloroquine-resistant strains and yielded positive results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quinoline-based compounds represent a promising avenue for combating malaria due to their demonstrated efficacy against <i>P. falciparum</i> and <i>P. vivax</i> parasites. Further research on their mechanisms of action and SAR could lead to the development of more effective antimalarial medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"21 2","pages":"96-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Computational Approach Using α-Carbonic Anhydrase to Find Anti-<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Agents.","authors":"Eyra Ortiz-Perez, Domingo Mendez-Alvarez, Alfredo Juarez-Saldivar, Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez, Mariana de Alba Alvarado, Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Karina Vazquez, Ana Veronica Martinez-Vazquez, Benjamin Nogueda-Torres, Edgar E Lara-Ramírez, Alma D Paz-Gonzalez, Gildardo Rivera","doi":"10.2174/0115734064310458240719071823","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064310458240719071823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chagas disease has an ineffective drug treatment despite efforts made over the last four decades. The carbonic anhydrase of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (α-<i>Tc</i>CA) has emerged as an interesting target for the design of new antiparasitic compounds due to its crucial role in parasite processes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim in this study was identify potential α-<i>Tc</i>CA inhibitors with trypanocidal activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A maximum common substructure (MCS) and molecular docking were used to carried out a ligand- and structure-based virtual screening of ZINC20 and MolPort databases. The compounds selected were evaluated in an <i>in vitro</i> model against the NINOA strain of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, and cytotoxicity was determined in a murine model of macrophage cells J774.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five sulfonamide derivatives (C7, C9, C14, C19, and C21) had the highest docking scores (-6.94 to -8.31 kcal/mol). They showed key residue interactions on the active site of the α-<i>Tc</i>CA and good biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties. C7, C9, and C21 had half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 26, 61.6, and 49 μM, respectively, against NINOA strain epimastigotes of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compounds C7, C9, and C21 showed trypanocidal activity; therefore, these results encourage the development of new trypanocidal agents based in their scaffold.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"46-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrates in Computational and Medicinal Chemistry.","authors":"Yasuhiro Ozeki, S M Abe Kawsar","doi":"10.2174/157340642105250416095220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157340642105250416095220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"21 5","pages":"331-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzimidazole Conjugates as Multi-target Anticancer Agents - A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"R S Remya, N Ramalakshmi, M G Safiya Aaliya, W Blossom Concilia, S Fameetha Thasneem, S Rohini, N Narmadha","doi":"10.2174/0115734064313626240912063644","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064313626240912063644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality globally and is characterized by a multifactorial etiology. Drug resistance and multidrug resistance are the reasons for the failure of many anticancer drugs that are in clinical practice now. The current review is a complete review of benzimidazole hybrids with different heterocyclic rings, which are potential anticancer agents. We reviewed around 70 research works of benzimidazole hybrids published in high-impact journals, along with a short discussion of structural features responsible for its activity against various cancers. This review highlighted benzimidazole hybrids as targeted anticancer agents with effects on multiple targets. Researchers working on targeted medications for cancer treatment will benefit from this review when designing new scaffolds with benzimidazole moieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"21 3","pages":"169-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Activity of a New N-Oxide Derivative for Acne Vulgaris Treatment.","authors":"Ivone Leila Lima Delgado, Caue Benito Scarim, Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes, Karina Pereira Barbieri, Marisa Campos Polesi, Aline Renata Pavan, Diego Eidy Chiba, Herida Regina Nunes Salgado, Iracilda Zeppone Carlos, Marcos Antonio Correa, Cleverton Roberto de Andrade, Jean Leandro Dos Santos","doi":"10.2174/0115734064306187240722070225","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734064306187240722070225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Furoxan and benzofuroxan are compounds containing an <i>N</i>-oxide function, known for their diverse pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate these activities using an in-house library of N-oxide compounds.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty compounds were tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including <i>Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)</i>, a microorganism implicated in the development of acne vulgaris. One compound, (E)-4-(3-((2-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)hydrazone)methyl)phenoxy)-3- (phenylsulfonyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-2-N-oxide (compound 15), exhibited selective antimicrobial activity against <i>C. acnes</i>, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 2 μg/mL. Indirect measurement of Nitric Oxide (NO) release showed that compound 15 and isosorbide dinitrate, when treated with <i>L-cysteine</i>, produced nitrite levels of 20.1% and 9.95%, respectively. Using a NO scavenger (PTIO) in combination with compound 15 in a culture of <i>C. acnes</i> resulted in reduced antimicrobial activity, indicating that NO release is part of its mechanism of action. Cytotoxicity assessments using murine macrophages showed cellular viability above 70% at concentrations up to 0.78 μg/mL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measurements of Interleukin-1 beta (IL1-β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) indicated that compound 15 did not reduce the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Sustained NO production by inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in macrophages or neutrophils has been found to be involved in the inflammatory process in acne vulgaris and lead to toxicity in surrounding tissues. Nitrite levels in the supernatant of murine macrophages were found to be decreased at a concentration of 0.78 μg/mL of compound 15, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. <i>In vivo</i> studies were conducted using Balb/c nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with <i>C. acnes.</i> Cream and gel formulations of compound 15 were applied to treat the animals, along with commercially available anti-acne drugs, for 14 days. Animals treated with a cream base containing 5% of compound 15 exhibited less acanthosis with mild inflammatory infiltration compared to other groups, highlighting its anti-inflammatory properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Similar results were observed in the benzoyl peroxide group, demonstrating that compound 15 presented comparable anti-inflammatory activity to the FDA-approved drug. These promising results suggest that compound 15 has a dual mechanism of action, with selective antimicrobial activity against <i>C. acnes</i> and notable anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential prototype for developing new treatments for acne vulgaris.</p>","PeriodicalId":18382,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"32-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}