IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)最新文献_第9页

Volume-based static model for nickel hydrogen cells 基于体积的镍氢电池静态模型

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.659182

L.H. Thaller

{"title":"Volume-based static model for nickel hydrogen cells","authors":"L.H. Thaller","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.659182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.659182","url":null,"abstract":"A static Ni-H/sub 2/ secondary cell model has been developed to help explore the long-term performance projections for Ni-H/sub 2/ cells and batteries. The model consists of a spreadsheet arrangement of the volume, porosity, wettability and characteristics for each of the cell's wettable components. Following the development of the basic model, the growing databases related to plate expansion, plaque corrosion and electrolyte management considerations were reviewed as they impact changes in the electrolyte requirements of the cell. The basic model was modified to incorporate these effects. Taken together, the expanded model can be used to project cell performance over the useful life of a particular cell design. The model suggests that an important feature of a cell design is the percentage of the separator's pores that remain filled with electrolyte over the course of cell cycling. Factors that reduce the amount of electrolyte contained in the separator adversely impact the mass transport processes within the cell. This ultimately results in significant performance degradation. These factors include: (1) expansion of the positive plates; (2) corrosion of the nickel sinter substrate material; (3) incorporation of potassium hydroxide (KOH) into the structure of the gamma phase portion of the charged active material; and (4) condensation of water from the electrolyte onto the colder cell wall. Literature information related to these issues have suggested how materials can be selected and components can be designed to be better able to accommodate changes in electrolyte volume during the required life of the cell.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122816954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Pure hydrogen production from octane, ethanol, methanol and methane reforming using a palladium membrane reactor 用钯膜反应器从辛烷、乙醇、甲醇和甲烷重整制纯氢

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.656723

S. Birdsell, R. S. Willms, R. Dye

引用次数: 10

Accurate measurement of natural gas consumption: the economic impact on power generation operations 准确计量天然气消耗量:对发电运行的经济影响

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.656675

W.J. Astlesford, S. R. Johnson

{"title":"Accurate measurement of natural gas consumption: the economic impact on power generation operations","authors":"W.J. Astlesford, S. R. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.656675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.656675","url":null,"abstract":"Deregulation of electricity under FERC Order 888 will result in open access for consumers and competition among suppliers. The method of measuring natural gas transfers is normally specified in the contract between the buyer and the seller. Monthly billings are based on a custody transfer flow meter, which is usually owned and maintained by the transporter. An inaccurate custody transfer meter can be a detriment to either the buyer or the transporter of the gas, depending on whether the meter over- or under-registers the volume of gas involved in the transaction. For this reason, most commercial gas buyers monitor the gas exchange with an in-plant check meter or compare to inplant meters used on process equipment to help ensure that both the buyer and seller are treated fairly and equitably. This paper presents a case study in which the buyer, Nevada Cogeneration Associates (NCA), and the transporter, Southwest Gas Corporation (SWG), agreed to a recalibration of a custody transfer turbine meter and the attached pressure/temperature corrector. The meter and corrector were sent to the Gas Research Institute (GRI) Metering Research Facility (MRF) located at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio, Texas. The custody transfer meter was calibrated (proven) against critical flow venturi reference flowmeters that are accurate to a nominal 10.2%. Following calibration of the meter and evaluation of the corrector, it was found that the combination had overregistered the volume of gas by an average of about 1.088% of reading.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123012541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solar photovoltaic as an energy source for India 太阳能光伏作为印度的能源来源

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.658231

A. Anantha

{"title":"Solar photovoltaic as an energy source for India","authors":"A. Anantha","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.658231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.658231","url":null,"abstract":"Solar photovoltaic based power and energy systems are gaining recognition due to the availability and high solar insolation in most parts of India and the inherent advantage of direct conversion to power unlike a solar thermal system. Solar photovoltaic technology, its application in remote areas, its advantage as a stand alone system, environmentally friendly and inexhaustible source are some of the positive features of this wonderful source of nature. However, the limitations of day and night cycles and high costs in comparison to other sources of energy hinder its ready acceptance. More and more research is called for in the area of solar photovoltaics along with the discovery of alternative materials with higher efficiency of conversion, reduced panel areas per kW and effective, economic and durable storage systems for sustained production of power. This source alone, if costs can be reduced substantially, can meet the entire requirement of the country. Solar photovoltaics can also be utilised for bulk power for grid interconnected applications. It has a good scope for utilisation on the hybrid system, for pumping of drinking water and remote area power systems. This paper discusses all the features of the solar photovoltaic system, its cost comparison with other sources, its merits and demerits as of now, Government policy support, R&D efforts in India and strategies for commercialisation.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114279479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A digital controlled solar array regulator employing the charge control 采用电荷控制的数字控制太阳能电池阵列调节器

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.658213

Y. Cho, B. Cho

引用次数: 6

Preventive techniques of pollution control-the reliability and safety in core sectors including thermal power plant installations and economic evaluation 污染控制的预防技术——包括火力发电厂装置在内的核心部门的可靠性和安全性以及经济评价

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.656750

J. K. Tewari

引用次数: 0

Alternate utility responses for possible risks of lower frequency electromagnetic fields 对低频电磁场可能风险的备用公用事业响应

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.659268

A. Farag, M. Shwehdi, M. Dawoud

{"title":"Alternate utility responses for possible risks of lower frequency electromagnetic fields","authors":"A. Farag, M. Shwehdi, M. Dawoud","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.659268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.659268","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines a series of alternate responses that electric utilities might take in the face of the possible risks posed by human exposure to low frequency electric and magnetic fields. There are basically three arguments that can be used to justify limiting people's exposures to low frequency fields: safety, equity and prudence. A safety based standard would limit field exposure to those exposure circumstances which do not pose a risk to health. Scientifically based safety standard is not possible today due to conflicting results of field effects. Standards based on considerations of equity do not provide any assurance of safety. Regulations based on prudence are designed to keep people out of fields with modest investments of time and resources. This paper explores thoroughly different options, some of which could be combined, that electric utilities may adopt as strategy and approach in the face of field effects issue. These options include: denial, passive and active information supply, research and development support, limited response for new facilities or major response, elimination of selected man-power line field exposures, and limited and major retrofits of old facilities. Some of these options would clearly be very expensive.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124335418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Air Force nickel-hydrogen testing at NAVSURFWARCENDIV Crane 空军在NAVSURFWARCENDIV起重机上进行镍氢测试

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.659181

B. Moore, H. Brown, C. A. Hill

引用次数: 5

Investigations on single-phase self-excited induction generator for standby power generation 备用发电用单相自励感应发电机的研究

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.656732

H. C. Rai, B. Singh

引用次数: 15

Nickel-hydrogen (NiH/sub 2/) Single Pressure Vessel (SPV) battery development update 镍氢(NiH/sub 2/)单压力容器(SPV)电池研究进展

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203) Pub Date : 1997-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/IECEC.1997.659174

S. Sterz, B. Parmley, D. Caldwell, J. Bennett

{"title":"Nickel-hydrogen (NiH/sub 2/) Single Pressure Vessel (SPV) battery development update","authors":"S. Sterz, B. Parmley, D. Caldwell, J. Bennett","doi":"10.1109/IECEC.1997.659174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.1997.659174","url":null,"abstract":"The NiH/sub 2/ battery system is the dominant rechargeable technology for communications, scientific and military satellites and is recognized for its long life, reliability and durability. Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. (EPI) has developed the Single Pressure Vessel (SPV) NiH/sub 2/ battery, which houses all cells within a single vessel. The SPV configuration was developed to improve the performance, producibility and reliability of the NiH/sub 2/ system at the battery level and ultimately to reduce overall battery cost and weight. Recognition of the benefits and advantages of the SPV resulted in its choice as the battery design for a large-scale communications satellite program. This particular application requires a 22 cell, 60 Ah Low Earth Orbit (LEO) battery, however, 50 Ah, 30 Ah and 15 Ah battery configurations have been produced and capacities up to 120 Ah are possible with a short development time. An accelerated (70% depth-of-discharge for 4612 cycles) life test of an early prototype and an independent design review have both shown the design to be robust. The advanced SPV battery has the flexibility to fulfil the requirements of any mission needing a reliable, durable, space-qualified battery with a high duty cycle capability. This presentation discusses SPV design features and presents life test data. Also addressed are the production features of the SPV battery which have resulted in cost and performance benefits for the IRIDIUM(R) global communications system.","PeriodicalId":183668,"journal":{"name":"IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)","volume":"71 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128013508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1