Solar photovoltaic as an energy source for India

Solar photovoltaic based power and energy systems are gaining recognition due to the availability and high solar insolation in most parts of India and the inherent advantage of direct conversion to power unlike a solar thermal system. Solar photovoltaic technology, its application in remote areas, its advantage as a stand alone system, environmentally friendly and inexhaustible source are some of the positive features of this wonderful source of nature. However, the limitations of day and night cycles and high costs in comparison to other sources of energy hinder its ready acceptance. More and more research is called for in the area of solar photovoltaics along with the discovery of alternative materials with higher efficiency of conversion, reduced panel areas per kW and effective, economic and durable storage systems for sustained production of power. This source alone, if costs can be reduced substantially, can meet the entire requirement of the country. Solar photovoltaics can also be utilised for bulk power for grid interconnected applications. It has a good scope for utilisation on the hybrid system, for pumping of drinking water and remote area power systems. This paper discusses all the features of the solar photovoltaic system, its cost comparison with other sources, its merits and demerits as of now, Government policy support, R&D efforts in India and strategies for commercialisation.