Medical mycology journal最新文献

{"title":"P408 Evaluation of fungal serum biomarkers in the diagnosis and for monitoring patients with post tuberculosis chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","authors":"Shreya Singh, I. Singh, R. Agarwal, H. Kaur, A. Chakrabarti, S. Rudramurthy","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P408","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives The evaluation of serum β-D-glucan, galactomannan, and Aspergillus fumigatus specific IgG in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Methods Consecutive patients with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with clinical suspicion of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) attending the outpatient services of PGIMER, Chandigarh were included from August 2019 to August 2021, and CPA was defined as described by Denning et al. including both radiological and mycological evidence. Age and sex-matched post-PTB individuals selected from a population attending the chest clinic were enrolled as controls. Serum samples were obtained from all participants and testing for serum β-D-glucan (Fungitell, CapeCod), galactomannan (Platelia, BioRad) and Aspergillus fumigatus specific IgG (ImmunoCAP, Phadia) was performed as per manufacturer's instructions. Results A total of 105 post-TB patients with CPA and 11 controls were enrolled. Aspergillus fumigatus (n = 8) was the most commonly isolated species, followed by A. flavus (n = 4), and A. niger (n = 2). The mean A. fumigatus specific IgG levels, serum galactomannan index and BDG levels were higher among CPA cases vs. controls at 101.4 mgA/l vs. 11.8 mgA/l, P-value: .0001; 0.73 vs. 0.35, P-value: .3134; and 133.7 pg/ml vs. 32.37 pg/ml, P-value: .012, respectively (Figs. 1a, b, c). The serum BDG had an area under curve 0.834 ± 0.044 (95% CI: 0.748-0.920) on the ROC curve with a sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 100% at the kit cut-off of 80 pg/ml (Fig. 2a). Comparison between CPA patients with multiple (n = 38) versus single lobe (n = 67) involvement showed comparable A. fumigatus specific IgG levels (112.3 vs. 93.8; P-value: .133 respectively) while galactomannan index and BDG levels were higher in cases with multiple vs. single lobe involvement (0.94 vs. 0.57, P-value: .117), and (174.3 vs. 105.3, P-value: .0071), respectively (Fig. 1d, e, f). There was a significant association of BDG value with the severity of dyspnea (P-value: .002) and a trend of higher A. fumigatus specific IgG was also seen to correlate with the severity of dyspnea (Fig. 2b and 2c). Conclusion BDG assay can serve as an adjunct in the diagnosis of patients with CPA. An association of higher levels of BDG with multiple lobe involvement and severe dyspnea could be due to more extensive tissue damage associated with a greater release of antigen in circulation during progressive disease. More studies with a larger number of control samples, preferably with multi-center coordination can further improve our understanding of this test's applicability in routine practice.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85216759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S2.4d Combination antifungal effects of eugenol with voriconazole against Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains isolated from the genital tract of mares","authors":"A. Sharifzadeh, H. Shokri, D. Nikaein","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.S2.4d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.S2.4d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract S2.4 Veterinary mycology research, September 21, 2022, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Objectives The objective of the current study was to investigate the possibility that eugenol synergizes the antifungal effects of voriconazole on genital isolates of Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis from mares. Methods The antifungal activity of eugenol and voriconazole was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay (CLSI- M27-A3). The synergism of eugenol and voriconazole against genital Candida isolates was evaluated by the microdilution checkerboard method. Results Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for eugenol and voriconazole ranged from 400 to 800 μg/ml and 1 to 8 μg/ml, respectively, for C. tropicalis isolates, and from 200 to 400 μg/ml for eugenol and 2 to 16 μg/ml for voriconazole against C. krusei isolates. Eugenol decreased the arithmetic mean of MIC for voriconazole against C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolates from 2.66 to 0.46 μg/ml and 7.77 to 0.41 μg/ml respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values for the eugenol voriconazole combination ranged from 0.25 to 0.88 and 0.19 to 0.63 for C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolates respectively. A synergistic effect of eugenol in combination with voriconazole was observed for 83.3% of C. tropicalis and 77.7% of C. krusei isolates. The antagonistic activity was not seen in any of the isolates tested. Conclusions Eugenol showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against genital Candida isolates and, in combination, synergized the antifungal effects of voriconazole. The eugenol-voriconazole combination can lay the foundation for a therapeutic approach against isolates in which azole resistance has increased over time.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76847691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P290 Public health treatment due to rise in Candida auris candidemia infection","authors":"Rakesh Singh","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P290","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Introduction Isolation of Candida spp. from a blood sample in patients is known as candidemia. Candida albicans is the most common causative agent of candidemia globally while C. tropicalis is the most common causative agent in India. Candida parapsilosis complex, C. glabrata, and C. krusei are the other three common causative agents of candidemia. Candida auris was described in 2009 and is a public health treatment. It is multidrug-resistant and causes localized hospital outbreaks. Objective To determine the fungal profile of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital. Methods Institute ethics approval was taken. All patients admitted to the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India from January 2020 to January 2021, whose blood culture samples yielded yeast were included in the study. The patient's demographic details were recorded. Yeast isolates were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as per the manufacture's instruction. The antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was performed by microbroth dilution method for fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27 and interpreted by CLSI M59 and M60 document. AFST of C. auris was interpreted as per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Results were expressed in percentages. Results A total of 248 blood culture samples yielded yeast cells during the study period. Approximately 63% of samples were obtained from male patients, while ∼37% were obtained from female patients. Most of the patients were between 41 to 60 years or under 10 years of age. A total of 52/240 (15.8%) were diabetic, and 30 (15.2%) were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). Candida tropicalis (34.7%) was the most common causative agent. It was followed by C. parapsilosis complex (20.2%). Candida auris (16.5%), C. albicans (13.3%), C. glabrata (6.5%), and other C. spp. (8.9%). Candida krusei is no longer observed as one of the top five agents of candidemia and it is replaced by C. auris. The rise of candidemia due to C. auris is a cause of concern, and its prevalence is observed more than that of C. albicans in our tertiary care hospital. The antifungal resistant pattern of the top four candidemia isolates is depicted in Figure 1. The antifungal resistance was maximum in C. auris isolates, followed by C. parapsilosis complex isolates. A total of 12.2% of C. auris isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, and azoles and 4.9% of C. auris isolates were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion Candida tropicalis was the most common causative agent of candidemia. But the increased prevalence of C. auris over C. albicans is a cause of concern as 4.9% of C. auris isolates were multidrug-resistant.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77002577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S9.1d Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in post-TB and retreatment TB patients in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Adeyinka A. Davies, Abiola O. Adekoya, R. Oladele","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.S9.1d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.S9.1d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract S9.1 Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis - where do we stand?, September 23, 2022, 4:45 PM - 6:15 PM Objectives Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a known complication of post-TB treatment. It is a progressive disease characterized by progressive cavitation, fibrosis, and pleural thickening among others. Globally, an estimated 3 million people are affected. This study determined the burden of CPA amongst the post-TB and retreatment TB patients in two facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal study that was carried out at two TB clinics (LUTH and NIMR) in Lagos, Nigeria between February 2021 and March 2022. The study cohorts were patients that had been previously managed (2-4 years earlier) for TB, they were clinically classified as retreatment TB and post-TB patients. Patients were seen in clinics every 3 months and the following data were collected: Quality of life (WHO and SGRO questionnaires used), 5 mls of blood for Aspergillus IgG level (using Bordier; cut-off of 0.8 AU/ML), sputum for culture (those with productive cough), and chest X-ray. Infectious disease society of America (IDSA) case definition was used to determine cases of CPA. Results A total of 112 post-TB treatment patients were recruited, 60 (53.1%) were retreatment TB and 52 (46.0%) post-TB patients. The mean age was 41.14 years; with the majority between the ages of 21-30 years. The male/female ratio was 0.9/1. 98 (87.5%) were HIV negative, and only 40 patients had GeneXpert testing done. In all 32/40 were GeneXpert negative; of which 24/32 and 8/32 belonged to the retreatment, and post-TB groups respectively. Cough was the predominant symptom with 39 (34.8%) having productive cough. Hemoptysis occurred in 11 (9.8%), 10 in the retreatment group with 2 having frank hemoptysis. Chest imaging revealed that 27/112 of the studied cohort presented with multiple cavities, 4/112 had single cavities, 26/112 had cavities with surrounding opacities and 23/112 had upper lobe consolidation. A total of 17/112 of them had bilateral lung infiltrates and 13/112 had pleural thickening. Sputum culture yielded growth of Aspergillus spp, with A. flavus (n-11; 36.7%) being the predominant species followed by A. fumigatus (n-10; 33.3%), and A. niger (n-9; 30%). In all 38/112 (33.93%) patients had Aspergillus IgG titer above the cut-off level, while 6 symptomatic patients had borderline Aspergillus IgG levels. A total of 11/112 (9.82%) of the study cohorts with positive Aspergillus IgG levels were also culture positive; 8/68 of the Aspergillus IgG negative patients were culture positive and had abnormal chest imaging reported. A total of 38 (33.93%) were confirmed cases of CPA using IDSA criteria. Of the GeneXpert positive; 7/40 were retreatment TB; 16/32 of GeneXpert negative and 8/40 of GeneXpert positive met the criteria for CPA. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that CPA is easily misdiagnosed as treatment failure TB or TB relapse. There is a need for f","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82051108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P338 Clinicopathologic analysis of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis-experience from a tertiary care center in north india","authors":"Arupparna Sengupta, Sunayana Misra, Shashi Dhawan, Sonia Badwal","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P338","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives Due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a rapid increase in the number of opportunistic fungal infections was observed worldwide. Cases of mucormycosis described in patients with COVID-19 have been termed as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). We aim to analyze the clinicopathological spectrum of CAM presenting to our institute. evaluate the histopathological parameters associated with adverse outcomes (mortality). Methods The archives of the histopathology department were searched for RTPCR-positive COVID-19 patients with suspected CAM from a period of September 2020 to November 2021. Those cases with follow-up data, adequate material for histopathologic evaluation, and confirmed mucormycosis were included. The medical records of these patients (clinico-demographic details—age, gender, associated comorbidities, steroid therapy, duration of hospital stay) were retrieved. The outcome was defined as death/discharge at follow-up. After routine processing, serial hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides and special stains (Silver Methenamine and Periodic Acid Schiff) were examined for fungal morphology and tissue reaction. The histopathological parameters were neutrophilic infiltrate, fungal load, necrosis, angioinvasion, neural invasion, optic nerve invasion, presence of granuloma, bone invasion, and mixed fungal infection. Results A total of 169 cases of CAM met the inclusion criteria. Most common site of involvement was sino-nasal (n = 139) followed by orbital (n = 14), pulmonary (n = 12), gastrointestinal tract, and kidney (n = 2, each). Male predominance was noted (71%, n = 119) with a male: female ratio of 2.5: 1. The patient ages ranged from 19 to 84 years with higher incidence noted in patients above 50 years (49.1%, n = 82) age group. The mean age of the population was 52.8 years. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (n = 74, 44%) followed by hypertension (n = 16, 9%), hypothyroidism (n = 5, 2.9%), coronary heart disease (n = 3, 1.7%), and chronic kidney disease (n = 2, 1.04). Most common clinical presentation was headache followed by facial pain or swelling. Corticosteroids were administered in 76% (n = 127) of the patients. On histopathology evaluation, 123 cases showed angioinvasion, 30 cases showed perineural invasion and 8 cases showed intraneural invasion. Optic nerve invasion was present in 13 cases of which perineural and intraneural optic nerve invasion was seen in 5 cases. Mixed infection with Aspergillus species was noted in 4.1% (n = 7) cases, also confirmed by fungal culture. Radiological correlation to evaluate extent of bone invasion was done, wherever available. Of the 169 patients, 149 recovered due to timely surgical intervention and medical management while 20 succumbed due to multisystem involvement [mortality in sino-nasal and orbital involvement n = 17 (10%), lung n = 2 (1.1%), GIT n = 1 (0.5%)]. Conclusion COVID-19 causes ","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85912806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P307 Clinical profile of fusarium infections: case series from a tertiary care hospital","authors":"V. Vineeth, N. Sethuraman, R. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objective To study the clinical profile of patients with Fusarium infections diagnosed at our tertiary care center during the study period from February 2017 to March 2022. Methods We conducted a retrospective case study wherein all consecutive patients with Fusarium infections between February 2017 to March 2022 were accessed. The diagnosis was categorized based on either fungal culture alone or fungal culture with histopathology findings. Results A total of 12 patients with Fusarium infections were encountered during this period. The mean age was 49. In all, 5 were females and 7 were males, and 5 patients had diabetes as a risk factor. Other risk factors included were chemotherapy for multiple myeloma (1) and lymphoma (1), polytrauma (1), and surgery after pituitary macroadenoma. A total of 8 (66.7%) patients were on antifungal prophylaxis at the time of diagnosis. A total of 6 (50%) had localized infections whereas, remainder 6 (50%) had disseminated infection, and 25% presented with onychomycosis. Seven patients were diagnosed based on fungal culture and five were diagnosed based on histopathology findings collaborated with a fungal culture. There was one patient with Fusarium blood stream infection, who expired within 2 weeks of hospitalization. A total of 10 patients had F. solani whereas, 2 had F. oxysporum isolated in fungal cultures. In all, 42% of patients in the study had high Beta- D-Glucan (BDG) and 67% of the patients underwent source control of the involved region. A total of 9 patients (75%) received voriconazole as antifungal treatment and 3 patients received Amphotericin B. Four patients expired, three were lost to follow up and five did not develop relapse on follow-up. Conclusion Fusarium is an opportunistic human pathogen severely affecting immunocompromised patients, especially patients with hematological malignancies, prolonged neutropenia, and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Our study records a notable number of Fusarium infections among diabetics and onychomycosis was a common presentation. A high index of suspicion is of utmost importance in patients with risk factors and serum BDG may help in suspicion of invasive Fusarium infections. The 33% mortality in our study stresses the need for early diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77504496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P273 Diagnostic dilemmas in Pneumocystis pneumonia in case of long COVID -19","authors":"Arpit Shah","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P273","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Background To diagnose Pneumocystis pneumonia in an underlying COVID-19 infection is difficult because of the clinical and radiological indistinguishableness of the presentation. Case Presentation We report the case of a 67-year-old male background of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN), who presented to the emergency department for severe dyspnea for 6 days. He is treated with corticosteroid and other supportive therapy. Initially, the patient responded with that treatment but suddenly his hypoxia is increasing and getting intubated. All possible causes of deterioration hypoxia were evaluated and came negative. Later stage, BAL was done and immunofluorescence test for PCP came positive. Systemic, cotrimoxazole started and gradually hypoxia improved and extubated. Conclusion Pneumocystis and COVID-19 co-infection needs serious consideration, particularly for patients with long-term COVID-19, even if patients do not have conventional risk factors for Pneumocystis pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77939182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P334 Fungal infections in patients with COVID-19 in 1-year pandemic 2020-2021 from Cote d'Ivoire","authors":"D. Koffi, A. Touré, Valerie Ira, M. F. Kouadjo, Reine M'boh, K. Sylla, M. Dosso","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P334","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Background and Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant public health problems both in Côte d'Ivoire and around the world. Among the different causes of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, the frequency and impact of co-infections are still little studied, especially in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, people with severe COVID-19 infection are particularly vulnerable to bacterial and fungal infections. This study aims to determine the frequency and susceptibility profile of isolated fungi in severe COVID-19 patients living in west Africa. Methodology We conducted a retrospective observational study of COVID-19 patients who were tested for invasive fungal infections (IFI) between 2020 and 2021 in the laboratory of mycology at Pasteur Institute of Cote d'Ivoire. Results We received a total of 77 samples (from superficial specimens, deep sites, urine) collected from 35 patients admitted for severe COVID-19. The patients were predominantly female (n = 21, 60%) and had a median age of 54,5 years (range16-79 years). The mycological analysis for IFI diagnosis showed 20% of samples positive only for yeasts, 66.7% of which were Candida albicans and responsible for 90% of invasive infections in COVID-19 patients. No difference in fungal species was found regarding of the sex, age of the patients, and waves of the pandemic. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed no resistance to antifungals (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and flucytosine) among Candida isolates. Conclusion These data show significant Candidiasis infection associated with the severe form of COVID-19. Given this prevalence of 20%, it is important for clinicians to remain vigilant and take proactive measures to prevent candidemia in patients with COVID-19. The widespread surveillance for fungal co-infections is still essential to reduce mortality associated with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72800066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S5.3d How mitochondrial complex I proteins in Candida albicans moderate phagocytosis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophages and dendritic cells","authors":"Xiaodong She, Pengyi Zhang, R. Calderone, Weida Liu, Dongmei Li","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.S5.3d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.S5.3d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract S5.3 Cellular pleomorphism and fungal virulence, September 22, 2022, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Objectives Inhibition of respiration in Candida albicans impairs its colonization in the host tissues and causes avirulence in a murine vascular candidiasis model. Accordingly, blockage of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) of C. albicans by respiratory inhibitors promotes phagocytosis by increasing exposure of glucan which could be due to the mannan reduction. In our model, we have reported that 85% mannan reduction in goa1Δ, a deletion mutant of an ETC Complex I (CI) regulator, oppositely decreased phagocytosis. To understand such a difference, we broaden our investigation with three CI respiratory subunit mutants, which are either fungal-specific (nuo1Δ and nuo2Δ) or broadly conserved subunits (ndh51Δ) for cell wall analysis and innate immune responses. Methods We characterized mutant cell wall defects in these mutants, then analyzed their respective survival in macrophages. Fungal internalization into macrophages was visualized under fluorescent microscopy and live-cell imaging and analyzed through flow cytometry analysis. Cytokine production in dendritic cells (DCs) infected by fungal cells was measured by xMAP technology and the transcriptional profiles of murine macrophages-infected by different mutants were compared. Results We find that phosphopeptidomannan (PPM) reduction in goa1Δ and nuo1Δ and phospholipomannan (PLM) reduction in nuo2Δ correlate with massive inhibition of cytokine. PPM loss in nuo1Δ or goa1Δ fails to promote phagocytosis but promotes opsonized neutrophil killing. The cause of PPM insufficiency results from reduced phosphorylation of the Cek1 MAPK in goa1Δ and nuo1Δ. In contrast other three mutants, phagocytosis and cytokine production of ndh51Δ more resemble WT cells, which have shown an ∼ 30% glucan reduction due to a defective Mek1 MAPK response. The divergent immune responses to these CI mutants are shown at the transcriptional level in infected macrophages. We noted that those well-characterized host receptors such as dectins and TLR2/4 for PPM, PLM, and glucan ligands are not significantly affected at 1 h post-infection. However, the scavenger receptor CD36, integrin ICAM, and growth factor receptors are downregulated along with a generally downregulated endocytosis and antigen processing/presentation. In addition, the host metabolic processes, oxidative stress-induced senescence, apoptosis, and signaling pathways such as Ras1/Erk5, the cAMP/CREB, and TLR9 pathway, are each individually affected in the host cells. Conclusion We speculate that mitochondrial signals of fungal origin may also be sensed by the host immune cells to coordinate the immune responses together with cell replication and metabolism during the early stage of infection.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72811255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P045 The association of performance of air pollutants on Candida drug resistance","authors":"Sahar Ghazanfari, Shahla Roudbar mohammadi, Sasan Rezaei","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objective Therapeutic methods are very important in the prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections, which are among the main causes of human diseases. In this study, air pollution agents that are in direct contact with microorganisms and as a carbon source using CO2 and MTBE and their effects on aspects such as growth and particularly the evaluation of changes in the expression of interfering genes in susceptibility and drug resistance in these fungi were investigated. Materials and Methods Collecting samples and isolating Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) with phenotypic methods were accomplished. In this way, evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with M27A4 protocol of CLSI was done. Adjusting to sensitive strains from the MIC test, which included 20 C. albicans and 10 C. glabrata which were sensitive to fluconazole and itraconazole drugs with 5% CO2 and 5 mg/ml MTBE interfering agents that are considered as air pollutants and also re-evaluating MIC testing to separate strains resistant to azole drug were accomplished. Results Up-regulation of some genes on two mentioned yeast had led to drug resistance in them, which were previously sensitive to both drugs. Correspondingly, 41% of C. glabrata samples in sputum showed sensitivity to these drugs. Up-regulation of ERG11(71%) and EPA1 (90%) were observed in resistant strains. Up regulation of genes associated with aspartate proteins and down regulation of SAP3 genes were recognized in C. glabrata in sputum and a 15% down-regulation of BAL isolate and 50% up-regulation of SAP1 gene in C. albicans sensitive samples were observed and compared with fluconazole and itraconazole with oral and joint source. Remarkably, decreased SAP2 expression in oral sources and 60% increase in resistant strains in C. albicans was observed. The down-regulation of SAP3 expression showed in the joint samples. An increase in HWP1expression (30%) was noted in isolated and drug-sensitive samples at the sputum and BAL source. CDR1 expression was increased in MTBE-affected species however, it decreased in the vicinity of CT. Conclusion Air pollutants such as CO2 and MTBE eventually caused drug resistance in Candida, which can be one of the causes of drug resistance in candidiasis infections.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73366883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}