Medical mycology journal最新文献

{"title":"P254 Clinical and microbiological spectrum of invasive trichosporonosis from a tertiary care institute in India","authors":"U. Pamidimukkala, S. Sudhaharan, Naga Apppala Raju Sundarapu, Padmasri Chavali","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P254","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Introduction Trichosporonosis has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen causing invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. Invasive trichosporonosis can involve most organs of the human body. Trichosporon species can colonize many parts of our body and hence it is important to differentiate between colonization and infection for appropriate management of the patients. Objective To understand the clinical and epidemiological features of infections caused by Trichosporon spp. Methods All patients with clinically significant isolation of Trichosporon spp from various samples during a period of one year from January 2019-December 2019 were included in the study. In the present retrospective study demographic data, risk factors, clinical features, microbiological data, treatment, and the outcome of patients with invasive trichosporonosis were analyzed. All the specimens were processed by standard mycological procedures. Identification and susceptibility were done by VITEK 2. The isolates were sent to NCCPF, PGIMER Chandigarh for identification by MALDI-TOF. As no clinical breakpoints for Trichosporon spp. have been established by CLSI and EUCAST, antifungal susceptibility results were interpreted as suggested by Lemes et al. Results There were 14 cases of trichosporonosis during the study period. The predominant age group was 60-70 years and the male: female ratio is 6.5:1. The underlying condition of the patient at admission was accidental trauma in 4/14 (28.7%) chronic kidney disease in 2/14 (14.2%), hematological malignancy in 2/14 (14.2%), pneumonia in 1/14 (7.1%), retroviral disease in 1/14 (7.1%), acute febrile illness in 1/14 (7.1%). The risk factors for acquisition of infections with Trichosporon species in the 14 patients were administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics in 13 (92.8%), urinary catheterization in 11 (78.5%), central venous catheterization, and prolonged ICU stay in 8 (57.1%) each, previous antifungal therapy in 6 (42.8%). The other risk factors were chemotherapy, steroid usage, and neutropenia. The clinical presentations were urinary tract infections in 10/14 (71.4%) patients (9 were catheter-associated UTIs), fungemia in 2/14 (14.2%), and wound infections in 2/14 (14.2%) patients. Trichosporon asahii is the predominant species isolated in 12/14 (85.7%) patients. Other Trichosporon spp. isolated include T. inkin and T. dohaense. All the isolates were correctly identified by VITEK 2 except one which was identified as T. inkin in VITEK 2 and T. dohaense by MALDI-TOF. All the isolates were susceptible to voriconazole and amphotericin B. 9/14 (64.2%) of the isolates were susceptible to fluconazole. Trichosporon spp. is inherently resistant to echinocandins. A total of 7 patients (50%) were successfully treated with voriconazole for a period of 14 days with advice to follow up and discharged. In all, 5 patients (35.7%) died due to underlying diseases before tr","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86301557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S3.4e Unraveling the role of DOG genes in a novel alternative pathway of glycerol biosynthesis in Candida albicans and its influence on virulence","authors":"Chinmayee Awasthy, W. van Genechten, Uwe Himmereich, P. van Dijck","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.S3.4e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.S3.4e","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract S3.4 Free oral paper session, September 21, 2022, 4:45 PM - 6:15 PM DOG genes, encoding for 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase are low molecular weight phosphatases, with an unknown biological function. In contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae which has two DOG homologs, C. albicans only has one DOG gene. We hypothesized that DOG1 plays an important role under osmotic or ionic stress by biosynthesizing glycerol, which is known to be vital for biofilm formation and virulence of this pathogenic yeast, via a novel alternative pathway.   The known classical pathway of glycerol production begins when the glycolytic intermediate molecule dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is converted into glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) by a pair of glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenases, Gpd1 and Gpd2. G-3-P is further dephosphorylated into glycerol by glycerol-3-phosphate-phosphatases, Gpp1 and Gpp2. However, an alternative pathway, where DHAP is dephosphorylated into DHA, which is subsequently converted into glycerol has been proposed, but the enzymes involved in this process have not yet been described. We recently showed that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the DOG enzymes are involved in the production of DHA from DHAP, thereby allowing the synthesis of glycerol in the absence of the classical pathway. Overexpression of the DOG genes restored the osmo-tolerance of the gpp1Δ gpp2Δand gpd1Δ gpd2Δ double deletion strains. Furthermore, purified DOG enzymes could also convert DHAP into DHA (Awasthy et al., submitted).   Since DOG1 has a potential role in biosynthesizing glycerol via an unconventional route, we are interested to determine its contribution in influencing virulence and biofilm formation in Candida albicans. This putative pathway has been overlooked for the past two decades, leaving behind an evident knowledge gap. We have now generated multiple deletion strains, using CRISPR Cas9, for the C. albicans counterparts of the GPP, GPD, and DOG genes as well as multiple DOG1 overexpression strains in which we observed the restoration of osmotic stress tolerance phenotypically and via growth curves. We also have NMR data showing the accumulation of various metabolites of central metabolism in these strains. Additionally, we have determined the possible role of DOG1 on virulence factors like morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation in vitro as well as in vivo, the latter with our catheter-based biofilm subcutaneous mouse model system. We also linked DOG1 and its role in glycerol biosynthesis to the survival of C. albicans inside macrophages. Finally, we would be setting up a high throughput small compound screening for this phosphatase as a potential antifungal drug target.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86472056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P333 Candidemia due to Candida pelliculosa in neonates admitted in SNCUs of district hospitals of Chhattisgarh: first state-wide study from secondary-level health care facilities in Central India","authors":"H. Kaur, Doctor Archana Keche, Doctor Anudita Bhargava","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P333","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives To study the Candida pelliculosa isolates, from the blood culture of neonates admitted to district hospital SNCUs in the state of Chhattisgarh, their antifungal susceptibility pattern, risk factors, and clinical co-relation. Although Candida species remain the leading cause of invasive fungal infections (IFI), there are certain rare species like C. pelliculosa, that can cause fungemia. Various studies reveal that infants, children, and immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible to bloodstream infections of C. pelliculosa. Few cases of fungemia caused by this rare species of Candida have been reported worldwide. We have found a few cases of C. pelliculosa bloodstream infection in neonates admitted to special newborn care units (SNCUs). Methods This is an observational study on the Candida isolates from blood cultures of neonates admitted in SNCUs of the state of Chhattisgarh, over a period of 4 years from March 2018 till March 2022. Blood culture isolates of Candida were identified and their AFST was performed on an automated Bacterial ID-AST system by BioMerieux (VITEK -2) and also manually using standard laboratory protocols. Demographic and clinical data of the patients having Candida pelliculosa candidemia were taken from laboratory records. Results Paired blood culture samples of total 4997 SNCU neonates were received in the laboratory. Out of these 25% were found positive for bacteria and or Candida spp. Among these positive blood cultures, Candida spp. was isolated in 18.76% patients. Amongst the isolates of Candida, C. pelliculosa was found to be the predominant Candida spp., isolated in 60 neonates, thus comprising of 25.64% of all Candida spp. Further analysis of neonates having C. pelliculosa infection revealed that 40% (24/60) neonates were either low birth weight, very low birth weight (VLBW), or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) babies, 25% cases had respiratory distress, 21.6% neonates were premature and 10% cases had hypoglycemia, as risk factors. Antifungal susceptibility pattern showed 99% isolates of C. pelliculosa as susceptible to amphotericin B, 100% being susceptible to voriconzole, and 95% and 100% isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and flucytosine respectively. More resistance was observed for Echinocandins. Caspofungin was found to be least susceptible in 88.9% of isolates. Various indications for blood culture were also analyzed. Only one neonate, out of 60, succumbed to C. pelliculosa infection. Conclusion Candida pelliculosa is found to be an emerging pathogen responsible for candidemia among neonates in SNCUs, which has shown relatively poor in-vitro susceptibility to Echinocandins. It is of extreme clinical importance that neonates of secondary-level health care facilities should also have access to quality laboratory support in the form of culture and sensitivity, so that pathogen profile and antibiogram data are available fro","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86566028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P100 Potent inhibition of dermatophyte fungi by Australian native jarrah honey","authors":"Kenya E. Fernandes, Annabel Guttentag, Daniel Susantio, D. Carter","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives Honey has been used as a remedy for multiple ailments, and the antibacterial activity of many different floral honeys has been extensively explored. The capacity of honey to inhibit fungi is much less well understood. Here we investigate the inhibition of dermatophyte species by native Australian jarrah honey. Methods Jarrah honey was sourced from beekeepers and commercial suppliers. Artificial honey, made from glucose (22.9%), fructose (20.7%), and sucrose (1.6%), was used to control for osmolarity. Hydrogen peroxide production by honey was assessed using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/ο‐dianisidine colorimetric test. Dermatophytes included Microsporum canis, M. nanum, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton interdigitale, T. rubrum, and T. tonsurans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) for honey were assessed using CLSI methods. Fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy were used to visualize the effect of honey on fungal conidia and hyphae. Results Jarrah honey inhibited all of the dermatophyte species with MICs ranging from 1.5-3.5% w/v, and MFCs from 2-5% w/v. No antifungal activity was seen with the artificial honey indicating this was not due to osmolarity. Microscopy revealed honey treatment prevented the germination of conidia and caused hyphae to bulge and collapse. While the inhibitory action of jarrah honey was greatly reduced by the addition of catalase suggesting hydrogen peroxide production was responsible for inhibition and killing, microscopy revealed hyphae were still damaged suggesting there are agents within honey that augment antifungal activity. REDOX fluorophores failed to detect internal oxidative stress within hyphae, indicating that damage likely occurs on the hyphal surface. Conclusion Jarrah honey is a non-toxic agent that may have utility in the treatment of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophyte fungal species.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"31 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89101549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P232 Disseminated cryptococcosis in HIV due to different species — dissimilar yet alike!","authors":"S. Madan, A. Patel","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P232","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objective To present two cases of disseminated cryptococcosis caused by two different species in HIV patients, presenting from the same geographical location. Introduction Cryptococcal meningitis is the most frequent cause of adult meningitis in areas with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is one of the leading causes of HIV-related deaths worldwide. Cryptococcus gattii, the lesser prevalent species, ‘conventionally’ known to affect the non-HIV and otherwise immunocompetent population, may also cause disseminated infection in HIV patients. High MICs of antifungals, especially fluconazole, may pose challenges in the management. Here, we present two cases of HIV patients with disseminated cryptococcosis, who presented from the same geographical area of India in the months of February and March 2022, respectively. Case 1: A 34-year-old patient from the state of Rajasthan with a past history of abdominal tuberculosis and a defaulter of ART (ABC/3TC/EFV) presented with headache and vomiting for 3 weeks. After an MRI brain and CT scan of the thorax, he was diagnosed to have pulmonary and meningeal cryptococcosis based on CSF examination with a positive Gram's, and India ink stain (Fig. 1), positive cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) by lateral flow assay, and fungal culture positive for C. gattii (MALDI-TOF); and a paratracheal lymph node biopsy showing granulomatous inflammation with cryptococci (Fig. 2). Fluconazole MIC was 16 μg/ml. He was treated with liposomal amphotericin B with flucytosine for 2 weeks. After good clinical recovery and negative fungal culture, a high dose (1200 mg) of fluconazole was started. He is asymptomatic with repeated negative fungal culture on 2 months follow-up. Case 2: A 37-year-old patient from Rajasthan, on ART (TDF/3TC/DTV) for HIV-1 diagnosed a month ago, presented with cough, weight loss, and fever for 2 months with severe chest pain on drinking and eating. He was diagnosed to have cytomegalovirus esophagitis based on the CMV inclusion bodies in a biopsy from the esophageal ulcers and a positive quantitative serum CMV DNA PCR. Bronchoscopy with EBUS-guided lymph node biopsy was done to investigate cavitary lung consolidation and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. BAL CRAG was positive and biopsy showed inflammation with histiocytic aggregates and necrosis, and many encapsulated yeasts form suggestive of Cryptococcus, which was identified by MALDI-TOF as Cryptococcus neoformans. Serum CRAG was positive. Though patient did not have any neurological complaints, CSF examination was done and CRAG was positive. He was treated with injection of liposomal amphotericin B, flucytosine, and ganciclovir, along with ART. Conclusion Default of ART by the patients, initiation of ART without investigation and treatment of opportunistic infections, and co-existence of multiple opportunistic infections, are still major challenges in the management of HIV,","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89186241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P425 Approach to identify and isolate C. dubliniensis in laboratory and comparison of various methods for same","authors":"Abiroo Jan","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P425","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Introduction C. dubliniensis, a newly recognized fungal pathogen, is clinically significant as it develops a stable fluconazole-resistant phenotype on exposure to this antifungal in vitro. C. dubliniensis is overlooked and misidentified as it shares many phenotypic traits with C. albicans. Molecular methods developed to distinguish the two species are not readily applicable. So, an easy-to-perform and an accurate phenotypic test would be a valuable tool. Aim This study first of its kind from Kashmir Valley (conducted in SKIMS-1200 bedded tertiary care hospital) evaluated seven phenotypic tests with PCR-RFLP as a gold standard. The best methodology for routine identification of this emerging pathogen was developed. Materials A total of 206 Candida spp. were tested which included 186 in-house C. albicans strains and 20 C. dubliniensis strains. The in-house 186 C. albicans strains were isolated from cancer patients. A total of 500 patients with various malignancies were screened, patients on antifungal drugs and screened once were excluded. All strains were sensitive to both fluconazole and voriconazole. Among 22°C dubliniensis strains, 14 were provided by Dr. Ziauddin Khan (Professor and Chairman, Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University) and 6 by VPCI institute Delhi. Reference strains included in the study: C. albicans 90028; (National culture collection of pathogenic fungi (NCCPF), Department of Medical Microbiology PGIMER Chandigarh) C. dubliniensis (CD36) and (CBS 7987); provided by Dr. Ziauddin Khan Methods PCR-RFLP using BlnI (AvrII) enzyme was done to confirm the identification of all isolates (Fig. 1). Seven phenotypic tests that were evaluated include Growth on hypertonic Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), Colony color on Crome Candida Differential Agar, Growth at 45°C, Assimilation of xylose (XYL), Colony color and Chlamydospore formation on Tobacco Agar, Germ tube formation at 39°C and Fluorescence on methyl blue SDA. The variety of tests applied makes our study one of the most detailed studies for the identification of C. dubliniensis till date. Results No C. dubliniensis was found among the isolates recovered from cancer patients by PCR-RFLP. Phenotypic tests that showed the best results were Growth on Hypertonic SDA Colony color on Crome Candida Differential Agar Relative growth at 45°C. Assimilation of xylose (XAM as well as DISCs) Germ tube formation at 39°C was most rapid. Phenotypic methods proved to be very cost-effective than PCR-RFLP. Based on our results of growth on Hypertonic SDA and XAM and also knowing the fact that 5% of C. dubliniensis assimilate xylose and give false results of xylose assimilation, we developed a novel medium ‘Hypertonic xylose agar medium’ (HXAM). HXAM proved to be 100% accurate, simple, easy to perform, and cost-effective. Conclusion For routine identification of C. dubliniensis we recommend colony color on Crome Agar and growth on HX","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82874817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P229 Three cases of easy to be misdiagnosed tinea of vellus hair","authors":"Wentao Liu","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.p229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.p229","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Abstract Vellus hair, also known as fine hair, is generally accepted that tinea of vellus hair is caused by dermatophyte infection of the vellus hair and fungal microscopy reveals the presence of mycelium and/or spores inside and outside the vellus hair. Different types of dermatophytes can cause different types of lesions. Therefore, tinea of vellus hair is easy to underdiagnose or misdiagnose in clinical practice. We report three cases of tinea of vellus hair caused by Microsporum canis. Case 1: A 24-year-old male patient with bilateral erythema with pruritus on the upper extremities for more than 1 year (A1). The patient was diagnosed with tinea of vellus hair by positive dermatoscopy (A2), fungal fluoroscopy (A3), and fungal culture of M. canis. after 9 weeks of treatment (oral itraconazole 0.2 g, 2 times/day, topical amorolfine cream 1 time/day, terbinafine cream 1 time/day), the skin of bilateral forearms basically returned to normal, and it is currently under follow-up. Case 2: A 5-year-old female patient with a rash on the root of the nose for 2 weeks (B1). She was also diagnosed with tinea of vellus hair by positive dermatoscopy (B2) and fungal fluoroscopy (B3) and fungal culture of M. canis. After 2 weeks of treatment (oral itraconazole 0.1 g, 2 times/day, topical terbinafine cream once a day), the lesions improved significantly. After 4 weeks of treatment, a few scales and scabs were still visible on the skin at the root of the nose. After 2 weeks of continued treatment, the patient's skin at the root of the nose was completely restored to normal. Case 3: 2-year-old male patient with a recurrent facial rash with scales for more than 3 months (C1). He was diagnosed with tinea of vellus hair by positive dermatoscopy (C2), fungal fluoroscopy(C3), and fungal culture of M. canis. After 2 weeks of treatment (oral itraconazole 0.1 g once every other day, bifonazole cream 1 time/d), the lesions are in improvement from the previous. And this case is still being followed up. The above three cases have been misdiagnosed as tinea simplex or eczema, and the efficacy of treatment only with topical medicines or short-term oral drugs is not good. Therefore, we take oral medicines and topical medicines for treatment, the course of treatment is long, and there are still spores and hyphae inside and outside the hair many times during the treatment period, so it is recommended that tinea of vellus hair should be treated according to the treatment plan of tinea capitis.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82982624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P478 Identification of clinical Candida isolates using maldi-tof-ms and their antifungal susceptibility profile—a study from tertiary care pediatric hospital in noida","authors":"Naz Perween, S. Nandwani, Nikhil Verma, S. Rai, M.R. Shiva Prakash, Krati Saxena, Niharika Dwivedi","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P478","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Introduction Candida species are ubiquitously present as commensals in the human body. In immunocompromised and hospitalized patients, they can cause various types of infections ranging from cutaneous to bloodstream infections and hence are capable of causing morbidity and mortality in patients1. Increase in the prevalence of infections caused by non-albicans Candida (NAC) has been reported in many parts of the world. Candidemia incidence varies from 0.24 to 34.3 patients/1000 ICU admissions and with a high mortality rate of 35%–75% early antifungal treatment is essential for survival2. Accurate species identification is important for the treatment of the Candida infections as the NAC continues to be increasingly documented with decreased susceptibility to antifungal agents3. Objectives To identify Candida species in various clinical samples using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) To study in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles of the identified candida species, using VITEK-2 compact system (Biomeriux, France) Material and Methods The study was conducted in Department of Microbiology during the period of August 2018 to August 2021. Various clinical samples of pediatric patients from both genders from outpatient and inpatient departments suspected for candidiasis were included in the study. Initially the samples, with probable yeast were inoculated on Saboraud Dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol incubated at 370C. Gram stain was done from the culture growth look for yeast cells. The MALDI-TOF MS-based identification of all yeast isolates to the species level was performed according to …… (malti name and software version) using the ethanol (EtOH)/formic acid (FA) extraction protocol. Antifungal susceptibility was performed using the VITEK-2 system (bioMerieux Pvt. Ltd., France). The following antifungal drugs were tested: fluconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, amphotericin B, flucytosine, and voriconazole. Results Total 86 candida isolates were obtained during the study period. Male: female ratio of samples was 1.6:1. A total of 67% of clinical samples were from neonatal age group i.e upto 28 days of birth. Majority of clinical samples (57%) were received from NICU. The antifungal susceptibility testing showed 100% sensitivity of C. albicans isolates to fluconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, amphotericin B, flucytosine, and voriconazole. Candida pelliculosa, C. parapsilosis showed 93% and 73% sensitivity to fluconazole whereas all three C. krusei isolates were resistant to fluconazole, and flucytosine. A total of 100% sensitivity was observed for amphotericin B and micafungin by all isolates as shown in Table 1. Conclusion Rapid identification of Candida species using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a reliable and rapid technique for Candida species identif","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88474914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P161 Epidemiological trends of Candida species in urine culture— a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Punjab","authors":"Lavisha Bansal","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives The presence of Candida species in the urine (Candiduria) is a typical clinical observation, especially in hospitalized patients. It is more common in immunocompromised persons, in bone marrow transplant unit (BMTU) patients, and in those who are in intensive care units (ICUs). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be caused by any Candida species. Now, non-albicans Candida species prevail in many locations around the world. Urinary tract instrumentation, past antibiotic usage, lengthy hospital stay, extremes of age, diabetes mellitus, female gender, and immunosuppressive medication are all risk factors for candiduria. Candiduria represents colonization in the majority of adult patients in critical care settings, and antifungal medication is not necessary. The presence of yeast in the urine, on the other hand, can indicate a widespread illness. Candiduria often indicates widespread candidiasis in severely unwell newborns and is followed by blocking fungus ball development in the urinary tract. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana from March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2022. The acquired urine samples were promptly processed in the microbiological laboratory using a semi-quantitative culture technique in accordance with normal protocols. All of the yeast isolates were processed further on Corn meal agar (CMA) for further speciation. Results Out of the 9729 urine samples received, there was culture growth for Candida species in 511 (5.25%) samples. Amongst the patients who had candiduria, 180 (35.22%) patients were immunocompromised. Out of 511 Candida isolates, 122 (23.87%) were Candida albicans and 389 (76.12%) were non-albicans Candida. Further speciation of non-albicans Candida indicated the prevalence of C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. guielliermondii as 98 (19.17%), 89 (17.41%), 78 (15.26%), 78 (15.26%) and 46 (9%) respectively. Conclusion The most prevalent healthcare-associated infection is nosocomial UTI. Candida species is becoming a more common cause of nosocomial urinary tract infections. C. albicans was the most common species isolated from the urinary system for many years. Now, non-albicans Candida species have emerged as a result of the introduction and widespread usage of fluconazole. These non-albicans species may be more difficult to remove than C. albicans because they are more adapted to the kidney and collecting system. With controlling underlying diabetes, daily assessment of need of urinary catheterization, early removal of catheter, surgical removal of obstruction of urinary tract and timely de-escalation of antibiotics can prevent candiduria in most of the cases. Thus, we can avoid antifungal therapy which may contribute to the resistance.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81512684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P361 Demystifying the NIH grant application process for international investigators","authors":"D. Love","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P361","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM   The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) funds one of the largest medical mycology research portfolios. The portfolio includes the major human fungal pathogens and covers basic fungal biology and the more translational areas of therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics. NIAID utilizes many granting mechanisms that are open to US and international researchers. These include investigator-initiated applications (R01, R21, and R03s) and targeted announcements for fungal research. Additionally, NIAID has a suite of preclinical services supporting therapeutic, diagnostic, and vaccine development. These services are free and available to investigators in academia, not-for-profit organizations, industry, or governments worldwide. The NIAID granting mechanism can be complicated. Tips and tricks for navigating the NIAID application process and preclinical services will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90712061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}