Medical mycology journal最新文献

{"title":"P457 Clinical correlation of beta galactomannan with culture and patient outcome in a tertiary care center in south india","authors":"Vichitra K., A. Kindo","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P457","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Background Invasive aspergillosis has increased in the last decade. They mainly occur in neutropenic patients (following anticancer treatment) and in patients treated with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. The galactomannan antigen in serum appears to be a serological method able to aid in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis also the antigen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage has proven to be advantageous for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Objectives To perform galactomannan test on BAL and Serum samples. To correlate the galactomannan results with culture. To correlate the galactomannan positive patients with the clinical outcome. Methods A total of 175 samples were collected from patients suspected to have fungal infections from the period of January 2018 to March 2022 from a tertiary care center in South India. The galactomannan assay and culture were done for these samples. Data of age, sex, gender, diagnosis, underlying conditions, antifungal treatment, and outcomes were collected. Results Out of 175 samples collected from patients suspected with Aspergillosis, 120 were males and 55 were females (7 were repeat samples). The major underlying conditions were diabetes and hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), and Hematopoetic malignancy such as B Cell lymphomas, ALL, and AML (Fig. 1). The samples sent for galactomannan assay were serum (107 samples), Bronchial wash (74 samples), BAL (4 samples), and tracheal aspirates (3 samples). The test was performed and cultured (Table 1). The cutoff titer for BAL/sera was taken as an index >0.50 A total of 90 patients were galactomannan positive. In which, 13 patients were only KOH positive and 6 were KOH and culture positive. In all, 6 cultures grew Aspergillus sp (1), Aspergillus flavus (2), Aspergillus terreus (1), Aspergillus fumigatus (2). A total of 36 patients out of 90 with galactomannan positive were treated with antifungals like liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole. In all, 30 patients were discharged, 10 were discharged at request, 86 left against medical advice, 38 patients succumbed to infection, and 12 were outpatients lost to follow-up. Conclusion Galactomannan alone cannot be taken as a diagnostic marker. Clinical correlation, radiologic findings, as well as underlying risk factors play a major role for decision on the initiation of empiric treatment.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76329543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P119 Dysregulated IL-23R and CD25 T cells in post -COVID-19 Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis patients","authors":"G. Rai, Shukla Das, P. Singh, M. Ansari, N. Gupta, Sonal Sharma, Kanchan Rawat","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 1, September 21, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives To study the IL-23R (Th17) and CD25+ (Treg) in CD4 + T cell populations in rhino-orbital mucormycosis post-COVID-19 patients and in healthy controls. Methods The study included 20 cases of mucormycosis and 20 healthy controls. Nasal crust, collected post-surgery was subjected to KOH/culture for mycological identification. Venous blood sample (3 ml) was collected in EDTA vials from cases and controls and stained with different monoclonal antibodies such as CD3, CD4, CD25, and IL-23R for analyzing the expression of Th17 and Treg cells by flow cytometry. The assays were performed at the time of enrolment of patients and repeat blood samples were taken from each patient for staining 3 months later after treatment prescribed by Otorhinolaryngologists. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software and the P-value ≤ .05 considered as significant. All the data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Results All the cases were found positive by KOH and confirmed for Rhizopus arrhizus by culture. The flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of CD4 + IL-23R+ (Th17) cells was significantly high in patient before treatment compared to healthy controls and found to be lower post 3 months of antifungal treatment. The percentage positivity of CD4 + CD25+ (Tregs) cells was decreased in patients (before treatment) as compared to controls and after treatment groups. The percentage positivity of CD4 + CD25 + cells was significantly increased in patients after treatment. Conclusion We observed a noticeable immune imbalance, with elevated CD4 + IL-23R Th17 and diminished CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells. The findings imminently indicate the mechanism of immune dysregulation involving Th17 and Treg pathways in mucormycosis and provide evidence that restoration of Th17/Treg may be considered as a therapeutic option for long-term benefit. Recovery of CD4 + CD25 + T cells after treatment indicated a favorable phenotype outcome.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76341785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S2.4d Combination antifungal effects of eugenol with voriconazole against Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains isolated from the genital tract of mares","authors":"A. Sharifzadeh, H. Shokri, D. Nikaein","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.S2.4d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.S2.4d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract S2.4 Veterinary mycology research, September 21, 2022, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Objectives The objective of the current study was to investigate the possibility that eugenol synergizes the antifungal effects of voriconazole on genital isolates of Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis from mares. Methods The antifungal activity of eugenol and voriconazole was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay (CLSI- M27-A3). The synergism of eugenol and voriconazole against genital Candida isolates was evaluated by the microdilution checkerboard method. Results Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for eugenol and voriconazole ranged from 400 to 800 μg/ml and 1 to 8 μg/ml, respectively, for C. tropicalis isolates, and from 200 to 400 μg/ml for eugenol and 2 to 16 μg/ml for voriconazole against C. krusei isolates. Eugenol decreased the arithmetic mean of MIC for voriconazole against C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolates from 2.66 to 0.46 μg/ml and 7.77 to 0.41 μg/ml respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values for the eugenol voriconazole combination ranged from 0.25 to 0.88 and 0.19 to 0.63 for C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolates respectively. A synergistic effect of eugenol in combination with voriconazole was observed for 83.3% of C. tropicalis and 77.7% of C. krusei isolates. The antagonistic activity was not seen in any of the isolates tested. Conclusions Eugenol showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against genital Candida isolates and, in combination, synergized the antifungal effects of voriconazole. The eugenol-voriconazole combination can lay the foundation for a therapeutic approach against isolates in which azole resistance has increased over time.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76847691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P152 African Woman With a Knee Knocked by a Rare Dematiaceous Fungi","authors":"Naveen As, P. B., R. Venkatasubramanian, N. Sethuraman","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P152","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives/Introduction Incidence of fungal peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is rare (1%-3%) and the majority are caused by Candida and Aspergillus. We report a peri-prosthetic knee joint infection caused by a rare dematiaceous fungi—pleurostomophora richardsiae, probably the first case in the world. Methods/Case Details A 78-year-old East African female from Malawi, housewife, with no known medical comorbidities presented with a chronic history of left knee pain and pus discharge. She had left knee pain since 2008 and was given several intra-articular injections between 2008 and 2010 for pain relief suspecting osteoarthritis. She denied a history of splinter injuries, trauma, systemic, or constitutional symptoms. In 2010 she underwent left total knee replacement (TKR) in the USA, but the pain persisted post-operatively associated with intermittent swelling of both knees. She was evaluated again in 2015 and revision left TKR done with single stage exchange. She was asymptomatic for a few years but symptoms worsened again and drainage of pus from her left knee started in December 2019. She was treated in Malawi with multiple courses of parenteral and oral antibiotics but did not improve. She presented to our hospital in January 2022 with swelling in left knee and restriction of movements. On examination, a discharging sinus was noted over the medial aspect of left knee. She was anemic with a normal leucocyte count, HIV negative, ESR of 85 mm/h, and CRP of 23 mg/L. Her renal and liver function tests were normal. CT left leg with sinogram showed features of chronic osteomyelitis of left distal femur and proximal tibia with active sinus tract in left tibia. Sinus tract excision with removal of prosthesis, debridement, and antibiotic cement spacer insertion was done. Bone and peri-prosthetic tissue were sent for histopathology and microbiological analysis including fungal and mycobacterial cultures. Xpert MTb was negative. Histopathology showed granulomatous synovitis with fungal hyphae and spores. Cultures grew a slender septate dark pigmented fungus, Pleurostomophora richardsiae which was confirmed by fungal PCR sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Results/Treatment She was treated with Liposomal amphotericin B 5 mg/kg IV OD for 2 weeks followed by oral Itraconazole. She had persistent raised inflammatory markers at 4 weeks which settled after changing to posaconazole for 2 weeks. Conservative management will continue for 3-6 months with second stage revision arthroplasty/arthrodesis later. Conclusion Dematiaceous fungi usually cause skin and soft tissue infections and they are extremely rare in causing prosthetic joint infection. Case reports of P. richardsiae causing osteomyelitis of foot and endocarditis are available but we couldn't find a published case of prosthetic joint infection caused by it. Identifying the causative organism in PJI is the most import","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76704572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P245 Arthrinium species, a filamentous ascomycetes isolated from samples of human cutaneous infections-report from a medical mycology laboratory of Assam, North-East India","authors":"R. Nath, N. Gogoi, S. Barua","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P245","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives This study aims to report the isolation of closely related Arthrinium species from superficial skin lesions of five cases from a medical mycology laboratory of Assam, North East India. Methods The lesions were decontaminated with 70% ethanol and skin scrapings were collected on a sterilized glass plate. Direct mounts were prepared in 10%-20% KOH and cultures were put in Saboraud's Dextrose Agar with antibiotics, 5% sheep blood agar, and dermatophyte test medium (Himedia, India). Plates and tubes were incubated as per standard mycological techniques described. Molecular identification was done using ITS sequence analysis using ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers. Results Direct mount showed presence of hyphae with arthrospores in 3/5 cases. In one case, fungal hyphae was seen along with spore-like oval or round structures of about 3-4 μm diameter. Pure growth was seen after 7-14 days in multiple culture tubes in all five cases. Colonies were white, downy initially becoming white, and floccose on further incubation. Subculture on PDA in all the cases for 15-20 days revealed black, round, and oval spores of 3-5 μm suggesting Arthrinium spp. The taxonomical identification was done by constructing a phylogenetic tree of the ITS sequences of the Arthrinium isolates of this study along with reference Arthrinium strains and Seiridium phylicae as the outgroup taxa. The phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates of this study into closely related Arthrinium species. Conclusion The genus Arthrinium belonging to the family Apiosporaceae, class Sordariomycetes which comprises of a group of filamentous ascomycetes fungi is rarely reported from human infections. We are reporting closely related Arthrinium spp from five cases of skin lesions from Assam, North East India. Three of the 5 cases hailed from tea garden areas of Assam. Arthrinium isolation in clinically significant cases and in multiple tubes may not be disregarded as a contaminant.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87112672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P325 Trend of cryptococcal meningitis in patients attending a teaching hospital in north-east india — a single center study","authors":"A. Acharjee, Lilavati Ngangom, R. H. Presanambika, Priyolakshmi Ningthoujam, R. Khuraijam","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P325","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objective To determine the changing trend of Cryptococcal meningitis in patients attending Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Imphal. Methods A total of 142 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from patients with suspected meningitis from January 2013 to January 2022 were analyzed in the department of Microbiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. The samples were subjected to India ink preparation (IIP), Gram stain, Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) testing, fungal culture in Sabouraud Dextrose agar (SDA) medium, and Bird Seed Agar. Results Out of 142 CSF samples received, direct examination by IIP revealed Cryptococcus in 28 cases (19.7%) whereas, capsular polysaccharide antigen testing using lateral flow immunochromatography kit (CRYPTO-PS) detected a total of 40 cases (28.2%). Culture showed growth of fungus in 22 samples and all were from CrAg positive samples. Maximum number of cases were detected in the year 2019 followed by 2018. Immunosuppression (AIDS) was an important underlying factor. Recurrence was seen in three patients and two cases who were on Cycloserine succumbed while undergoing treatment. Conclusion Cryptococcosis continues to be a serious fungal infection among AIDS patients in spite of HAART. High index of clinical suspicion and microbiological examination is necessary to improve clinical outcomes. Whenever immunosuppressive drugs are administered in HIV patients treated earlier for cryptococcosis, monitoring the patient for likely recurrence is to be borne in mind to improve the overall clinical outcome. CrAg testing is an additional armamentarium for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis in the absence of culture positivity.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87352889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P338 Clinicopathologic analysis of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis-experience from a tertiary care center in north india","authors":"Arupparna Sengupta, Sunayana Misra, Shashi Dhawan, Sonia Badwal","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P338","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives Due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a rapid increase in the number of opportunistic fungal infections was observed worldwide. Cases of mucormycosis described in patients with COVID-19 have been termed as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). We aim to analyze the clinicopathological spectrum of CAM presenting to our institute. evaluate the histopathological parameters associated with adverse outcomes (mortality). Methods The archives of the histopathology department were searched for RTPCR-positive COVID-19 patients with suspected CAM from a period of September 2020 to November 2021. Those cases with follow-up data, adequate material for histopathologic evaluation, and confirmed mucormycosis were included. The medical records of these patients (clinico-demographic details—age, gender, associated comorbidities, steroid therapy, duration of hospital stay) were retrieved. The outcome was defined as death/discharge at follow-up. After routine processing, serial hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides and special stains (Silver Methenamine and Periodic Acid Schiff) were examined for fungal morphology and tissue reaction. The histopathological parameters were neutrophilic infiltrate, fungal load, necrosis, angioinvasion, neural invasion, optic nerve invasion, presence of granuloma, bone invasion, and mixed fungal infection. Results A total of 169 cases of CAM met the inclusion criteria. Most common site of involvement was sino-nasal (n = 139) followed by orbital (n = 14), pulmonary (n = 12), gastrointestinal tract, and kidney (n = 2, each). Male predominance was noted (71%, n = 119) with a male: female ratio of 2.5: 1. The patient ages ranged from 19 to 84 years with higher incidence noted in patients above 50 years (49.1%, n = 82) age group. The mean age of the population was 52.8 years. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (n = 74, 44%) followed by hypertension (n = 16, 9%), hypothyroidism (n = 5, 2.9%), coronary heart disease (n = 3, 1.7%), and chronic kidney disease (n = 2, 1.04). Most common clinical presentation was headache followed by facial pain or swelling. Corticosteroids were administered in 76% (n = 127) of the patients. On histopathology evaluation, 123 cases showed angioinvasion, 30 cases showed perineural invasion and 8 cases showed intraneural invasion. Optic nerve invasion was present in 13 cases of which perineural and intraneural optic nerve invasion was seen in 5 cases. Mixed infection with Aspergillus species was noted in 4.1% (n = 7) cases, also confirmed by fungal culture. Radiological correlation to evaluate extent of bone invasion was done, wherever available. Of the 169 patients, 149 recovered due to timely surgical intervention and medical management while 20 succumbed due to multisystem involvement [mortality in sino-nasal and orbital involvement n = 17 (10%), lung n = 2 (1.1%), GIT n = 1 (0.5%)]. Conclusion COVID-19 causes ","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85912806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S9.4d Main reservoirs of Trichophyton mentagrophytes Type V in Iran","authors":"Sivash Nikkholgh, I. Pchelin, A. Mahmoudabadi, Mahbubeh Shabanzadeh-Bardar, M. Gharaghani, A. Sharifzadeh, R. Mohammadi, Sadegh Noripour-Sisakht, F. Katiraee, A. Rezaei‐Matehkolaei","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.S9.4d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.S9.4d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract S9.4 Skin mycoses and microbiome, September 23, 2022, 4:45 PM - 6:15 PM Objectives Dermatophytosis in livestock receives attention because of its contagiousness, high treatment costs, and lack of control programs. Compared with cattle, mycological aspects of dermatophytosis in sheep and goats have been studied less frequently. Dermatophytosis in these animals (small ruminants) may lead to serious economic losses due to the negative impact on the growth of involved animals, as well as their milk and meat production. Recent studies showed that the old Trichophyton verrucosum var. verrucosum (which is known to have some African and Asiatic sheep as its reservoirs) is currently synonymous with T. mentagrophytes Type V, the most common genotype of T. mentagrophytes isolated from Iranian patients. But the animal reservoirs of this genotype are not well known in Iran and in this investigation, we aimed to determine them. Methods A total of 678 skin and hair samples from animals including sheep (n = 190), cows (n = 79), goats (n = 9), camels (n = 20), stray and domestic cats (n = 195), stray and pet dogs (n = 146), horses (n = 27), foxes (n = 2), hedgehogs (n = 2), and poultries (n = 8) were subjected to direct microscopy and culture on Mycobiotic agar. Most animals had skin lesions, though some stray cats and dogs were asymptomatic. Molecular identification of dermatophyte cultures was done by ITS-rDNA RFLP. To confirm the RFLP identification, 59 representative isolates from all studied animal species were subjected to ITS-rDNA sequencing. The likelihood for isolation of a specific species or genotype with regard to the type of infected animal was determined using the chi-square test. Results We obtained 334 dermatophyte cultures. ITS-RFLP and ITS region sequencing revealed the species T. verrucosum (n = 62; all from cows), T. mentagrophytes Type V (sheep = 95; goat = 6; cat = 1; horse = 2), T. mentagrophytes Type II* (cat = 2), T. mentagrophytes Type VII (dog = 2), Microsporum canis (cats, n = 94; dogs, n = 55; cow, n = 1; horse, n = 1), T. quinckeanum (fox, n = 1), Nannizzia gypsea (cats, n = 5; dogs, n = 4; cow, n = 1; horse, n = 1), and N. fulva (cow, n = 1). No dermatophytes were isolated from camels, hedgehogs, and poultries. There was a statistically significant difference in the isolation rate of T. mentagrophytes Type V between sampled animals meaning that with a high probability it is isolated from sheep and goats. Conclusion Purposive sampling from suspected animals confirmed that sheep are the main animal reservoir of T. mentagrophytes Type V, at least in Iran. Further international sequence-based investigations can test our conclusion.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86060842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S5.3b Fungal spores: Initiators of colonization and infection","authors":"Tim J. H. Baltussen, Tom van den Brule, J. Dijksterhuis","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.S5.3b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.S5.3b","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract S5.3 Cellular pleomorphism and fungal virulence, September 22, 2022, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Fungi produce asexual and sexual spores for reproduction and distribution, which can be both in space and time. Distribution in space occurs, by air movement, but also, by water or other vectors such as living organisms. Filamentous fungi from the division Ascomycota that belong to the order Eurotiales produce asexual spores called conidia. Conidia are moderately stress-tolerant cells and are able to survive unfavorable conditions such as thermal stress, dehydration, osmotic pressure, oxidative stress, variations in pH, and UV. For example, conidia of the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum are isolated worldwide and must be regarded as cosmopolitan. In many cases, conidia might ‘land’ closely to the location of production, but still many spores making into the higher air layers. There is indirect evidence that spores may be able to travel large distances through the air. For example, Aspergillus sydowii conidia have been suggested to travel over thousands of kilometers from the Sahara Desert to the Caribbean reefs.   Distribution in time is occurring as stress-resistant cells remain dormant at one location for an extended period, awaiting conditions that are more favorable for growth. Some ascospores (sexual spores) are extremely stress-resistant and dormant for very long periods. Other species show extended dormancy in a dried state. As microbial species are inherently variable, stress resistance varies between strains from the same species. For example, conidial heat resistance (D60) of various strains of the fungus Paecilomyces variotii ranged between 3.5 to 27.6 min. This intraspecific variation could have profound consequences on diagnostics, virulence, and antifungal treatment in clinical settings.   For conidial germination in most filamentous fungi, the presence of nutrients such as inorganic salts, sugars, and amino acids is required. The swelling phase of conidia is also called isotropic growth. Swollen conidia direct the growth to one side of the cell to grow in a polarized fashion, which leads to the formation of a germ tube (polarized growth). There is a notable drop in stress resistance during isotropic and polarized growth and genes expressed during these stages might represent novel targets for fungal infection.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84980406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P408 Evaluation of fungal serum biomarkers in the diagnosis and for monitoring patients with post tuberculosis chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","authors":"Shreya Singh, I. Singh, R. Agarwal, H. Kaur, A. Chakrabarti, S. Rudramurthy","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P408","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objectives The evaluation of serum β-D-glucan, galactomannan, and Aspergillus fumigatus specific IgG in the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Methods Consecutive patients with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with clinical suspicion of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) attending the outpatient services of PGIMER, Chandigarh were included from August 2019 to August 2021, and CPA was defined as described by Denning et al. including both radiological and mycological evidence. Age and sex-matched post-PTB individuals selected from a population attending the chest clinic were enrolled as controls. Serum samples were obtained from all participants and testing for serum β-D-glucan (Fungitell, CapeCod), galactomannan (Platelia, BioRad) and Aspergillus fumigatus specific IgG (ImmunoCAP, Phadia) was performed as per manufacturer's instructions. Results A total of 105 post-TB patients with CPA and 11 controls were enrolled. Aspergillus fumigatus (n = 8) was the most commonly isolated species, followed by A. flavus (n = 4), and A. niger (n = 2). The mean A. fumigatus specific IgG levels, serum galactomannan index and BDG levels were higher among CPA cases vs. controls at 101.4 mgA/l vs. 11.8 mgA/l, P-value: .0001; 0.73 vs. 0.35, P-value: .3134; and 133.7 pg/ml vs. 32.37 pg/ml, P-value: .012, respectively (Figs. 1a, b, c). The serum BDG had an area under curve 0.834 ± 0.044 (95% CI: 0.748-0.920) on the ROC curve with a sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 100% at the kit cut-off of 80 pg/ml (Fig. 2a). Comparison between CPA patients with multiple (n = 38) versus single lobe (n = 67) involvement showed comparable A. fumigatus specific IgG levels (112.3 vs. 93.8; P-value: .133 respectively) while galactomannan index and BDG levels were higher in cases with multiple vs. single lobe involvement (0.94 vs. 0.57, P-value: .117), and (174.3 vs. 105.3, P-value: .0071), respectively (Fig. 1d, e, f). There was a significant association of BDG value with the severity of dyspnea (P-value: .002) and a trend of higher A. fumigatus specific IgG was also seen to correlate with the severity of dyspnea (Fig. 2b and 2c). Conclusion BDG assay can serve as an adjunct in the diagnosis of patients with CPA. An association of higher levels of BDG with multiple lobe involvement and severe dyspnea could be due to more extensive tissue damage associated with a greater release of antigen in circulation during progressive disease. More studies with a larger number of control samples, preferably with multi-center coordination can further improve our understanding of this test's applicability in routine practice.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85216759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}