Medical mycology journal最新文献

{"title":"Multilocus Microsatellite Analysis of the Molecular Epidemiology of Microsporum canis Isolated in Japan.","authors":"Takashi Mochizuki,&nbsp;Taketoshi Futatsuya,&nbsp;Kazushi Anzawa,&nbsp;Shigeo Yamada,&nbsp;Kiminobu Takeda,&nbsp;Junko Watanabe,&nbsp;Andrea Marie Bernales Mendoza,&nbsp;Akira Shimizu","doi":"10.3314/mmj.23-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.23-00003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microsporum canis, a major causative agent of zoonotic dermatophytosis, has become prevalent in Japan. Molecular epidemiological surveys using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT), a sensitive genotyping tool for fungi, have been conducted to reveal intraspecies polymorphisms of M. canis.The present study utilized MLMT optimized for Japanese strains of M. canis to analyze epidemic trends of fungal infection. Six individual loci were targeted; namely, MS1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Analysis of data from 1974 through 2022 identified 416 strains, which were sorted into 60 genotypes by MLMT.The major genotypes showed changes in dominance during this period-changes that may reflect historical increases and decreases in the numbers of patients infected with M. canis patients. The main origins of infection included animal breeders and pet stores, as well as stray cat communities. Forty-nine episodes of familial outbreaks and cohabitant animal infections were recorded, and genotypes responsible for each episode were determined. MLMT analysis is not only a robust tool to understand population structures, but likely the most suitable method for tracking M. canis infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Nail Yellow Discoloration due to Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis with Luliconazole 5% Nail Solution.","authors":"Tomotaka Sato,&nbsp;Norihito Fukada,&nbsp;Akihiko Kinjo,&nbsp;Ryuta Akimoto,&nbsp;Hisashi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Satoshi Fukuzumi","doi":"10.3314/mmj.22-00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.22-00030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A woman in her 70s had onychomycosis that was treated with topical luliconazole solution. Her nails changed color to yellow due to the treatment and exposure to sunlight. Avoidance of sunlight and continuous application of luliconazole resolved the discoloration and were effective for the treatment of onychomycosis one year after the first visit.</p>","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Trichophyton tonsurans Infection].","authors":"Taketoshi Futatsuya,&nbsp;Kazushi Anzawa,&nbsp;Takashi Mochizuki,&nbsp;Akira Shimizu","doi":"10.3314/mmj.23-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.23-001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichophyton tonsurans infection has been prevalent among individuals involved in contact sports in Japan since about 2000. The present review focuses on its diagnosis, molecular epidemiology, drug susceptibility, and infection control. The most commonly observed lesions of T. tonsurans, an anthropogenic dermatophyte, are tinea corporis and tinea capitis. However, the presence of asymptomatic carriers must be considered for infection control. Genotypic epidemiology using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region of the ribosomal RNA gene showed a lack of diversity of genotypes, and only the NTS I genotype is detected at present. In regard to drug susceptibility, terbinafine drug resistance has not been found to be associated with the RFLP genotypes, and it is assumed that there are no terbinafine-resistant strains in Japan. T. tonsurans coexisted with other fungi and bacteria in the scalp of asymptomatic carriers without affecting species diversity. T. tonsurans is an anthropogenic dermatophyte and may be difficult for the human immune system to eliminate. During an infection outbreak, screening of infection and treatment including asymptomatic carriers are essential to eradicate the infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10127438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Malassezia Infections.","authors":"Masato Tashiro, Takahiro Takazono, Koichi Izumikawa","doi":"10.3314/mmj.23-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.23-003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Malassezia species are dimorphic fungi that require lipids such as olive oil for their growth. They are constituents of the normal human skin microbiota and can affix to the host or other surfaces through the establishment of biofilms. Malassezia species are accountable for superficial mycoses like folliculitis. Additionally, they are capable of causing invasive infections, such as of the bloodstream, in neonates and immunocompromised patients, albeit infrequently. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in neonates are the most commonly reported invasive cases. Remarkably, unlike other invasive fungal infections, neutropenia and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics do not seem to contribute to the risk of invasive Malassezia infections. Nosocomial outbreaks of Malassezia infections have been reported. While most cases of invasive Malassezia infection are fungemia, they seldom give rise to disseminated lesions in various organs. The diagnosis can be confirmed by the visualization of characteristic yeasts through histologic or cytologic examination of a biopsy or needle aspiration specimen, or via positive culture results from sterile sites. The prognosis for invasive Malassezia infection is generally favorable, with few reports of treatment failure. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of cases, evidence-based treatment recommendations are wanting. Management of invasive Malassezia infections linked to central venous catheters includes removal of the catheter, cessation of intravenous lipid emulsion, and intravenous administration of appropriate antifungal agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for Microsporum canis from Cats in Japan.","authors":"Rui Kano,&nbsp;Mai Watanabe,&nbsp;Hitoshi Tsuchihashi,&nbsp;Takasuke Ogawa,&nbsp;Yumi Ogawa,&nbsp;Etsuko Komiyama,&nbsp;Yusuke Hirasawa,&nbsp;Masataro Hiruma,&nbsp;Shigaku Ikeda","doi":"10.3314/mmj.22-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.22-00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Control of infection caused by Microsporum canis in pet animals are important for prevention of zoonosis. Treatments for animal dermatophytosis have generally consisted of itraconazole (ITZ) and terbinafine (TRF); however, a TRF-resistant M. canis strain from a case of feline dermatophytosis has been reported. In the present study, we examined the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of M. canis to new antifungal drugs, such as ravuconazole (RVZ) and luliconazole (LCZ). The results indicated that RVZ and LCZ are more effective than ITZ and TRF. Therefore, oral administration of RVZ or topical application of LCZ may serve as new treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10829219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Kerion Celsi due to Trichophyton tonsurans.","authors":"Risa Ikutama,&nbsp;Yumi Ogawa,&nbsp;Takasuke Ogawa,&nbsp;Rui Kano,&nbsp;Masataro Hiruma,&nbsp;Shigaku Ikeda","doi":"10.3314/mmj.22-00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.22-00032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The patient was a 13-year-old boy who was a member of the judo club at his junior high school. Approximately 1 week prior to his presentation, he developed multiple erythematous pilaris papules on his occipital area and was treated by a local doctor. The erythematous lesions expanded to 10 × 10 cm, showing granulation with drainage and strong spontaneous pain. At this point, he visited our hospital. He was diagnosed with kerion celsi due to Trichophyton tonsurans by fungal examination. The patient was treated with terbinafine (125 mg/day) for 6 weeks, and a brush test at 6 weeks was negative. All 18 members of the judo club, including this patient, were investigated; brush tests were positive in 4 cases, and one was positive for tinea corporis alone. The patient's family members parents were both negative. When an athlete is diagnosed with ringworm, T. tonsurans infection should be considered, and testing and treatment of family members and fellow athletes should be carried out to prevent the spread of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Azole Susceptibility Testing of Japanese Isolates of Terbinafine-Resistant Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton rubrum.","authors":"Junichiro Hiruma,&nbsp;Utako Kimura,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Noguchi,&nbsp;Masataro Hiruma,&nbsp;Kazutoshi Harada,&nbsp;Rui Kano","doi":"10.3314/mmj.22-00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.22-00021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-antifungal-resistant strains of Trichophyton indotineae and Trichophyton rubrum have been isolated in Japan. In the present study, we examined the in vitro susceptibility of terbinafine (TRBF) -resistant isolates of T. indotineae and T. rubrum to efinaconazole (EFCZ) and luliconazole (LUCZ). In all isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were ≥ 32 mg/l for TRBF, < 0.03 to 16 mg/l for itraconazole, < 0.03 to 16 mg/l for ravuconazole, < 0.03 to 0.5 mg/l for LUCZ, and < 0.03 to 4 mg/l for EFCZ. Of note, T. rubrum NUBS21012 and T. indotineae NUBS 19006^T showed resistance to LUCZ and/or EFCZ unlike the other isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10829221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobiome and Mycobiome-Associated Diseases.","authors":"Mao Hagihara,&nbsp;Hideo Kato,&nbsp;Yuichi Shibata,&nbsp;Takumi Umemura,&nbsp;Tadashi Ariyoshi,&nbsp;Jun Hirai,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Asai,&nbsp;Nobuaki Mori,&nbsp;Hiroshige Mikamo","doi":"10.3314/mmj.23-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3314/mmj.23-002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human body is host to a large number of commensal microbial species such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Among these, the human mycobiome is often neglected as a potential cause of disease, as it is thought to be comparatively much less abundant and less diverse than the human bacteriome. Additionally, most fungi are not easily cultured, even in specific media. Hence, their study has been limited to date, mainly because of the unavailability of methods used for their detection. However, the utilization of a novel metagenomic methodology will enable the identification of well-characterized mycobiomes in several parts of the human body and broaden our knowledge of their contribution to human health and disease. In this article, we review the role of the human mycobiome in the gut, respiratory organs, skin, genital tract, and carcinogenesis, highlighting the correlations between the human mycobiome and mycobiome-associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment responses in patients with chromoblastomycosis to itraconazole in Madagascar.","authors":"F. Sendrasoa, V. Ratovonjanahary, T. Rasamoelina, L. Ramarozatovo, F. R. Rabenja","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac086","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by several pigmented fungi. It is frequently found in tropical and subtropical areas like Madagascar. This study primarily discusses the effects of antifungal therapy while also describing the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of CBM in our patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000From March 2013 to January 2019, a descriptive prospective study on chromoblastomycosis patients was undertaken. The study included patients with CBM who had received antifungal treatment for at least 3 months. Itraconazole 200 mg was given to patients every day for more than 3 months. Results were assessed at the 6th and 12th months, and classified as improvement, cure, or failure.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u000029 cases of chromoblastomycosis were included. The mean age of patients was 42.02 years. They primarily worked in rural areas. Infected men were more prevalent. At the end of the 12th month of itraconazole therapy, 3 patients presented major responses, 14 patients had minor responses to treatment, and 12 had been lost to follow up. The clinical response of CBM to treatment was correlated to the severity and the long course of CBM. When compared to CBM caused by Cladophialophora, CBM caused by Fonsecaea showed a greater clinical response.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000These findings demonstrated that chromoblastomycosis lesions are recalcitrant and difficult to treat.","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73097727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P411 Genus specific real-time PCR-a promising technique for rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis","authors":"Yamini Tawde, Sourav Das, Shreya Singh, Savitri Sharma, Amit Gupta, S. Basak, T. Shrimali, S. Rudramurthy, H. Kaur, A. Chakrabarti, Anup K. Ghosh","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myac072.P411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myac072.P411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Objective Comparison of different existing molecular methods for diagnosis of fungal keratitis (FK) and to develop and validate genus-specific PCR for identification of most predominant FK causative agents. Method A prospective multicentric study was performed between November 2019 to August 2021 from four centers across India. Corneal tissue/scraping samples were collected from patients with suspected keratitis for preliminary microbiological workup at respective centers and molecular diagnosis at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. A total of 87 corneal button samples were used for standardization. All samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by molecular diagnosis using pan-fungal primers by conventional PCR, semi-nested PCR, and real-time PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The genus-specific primers for the most common causative agents of FK (Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., and Curvularia sp.) were designed in ITS2 region and standardized for real-time PCR. The best performing protocol was validated in 145 corneal samples. Result A total of 68 patients out of 87 were diagnosed with FK of which 91.17% (n = 62/68) were microscopy positive and 82.3% (n = 56/68) were culture positive. Among the culture positive, the most common isolate was Aspergillus sp. (26, 46.42%) followed by Fusarium sp. (21, 37.5%) while the remaining samples grew dematiaceous fungi. Real-time PCR targeting ITS2 region proved to be most sensitive (52.94%) and specific (84.21%) compared with conventional PCR and semi-nested PCR. Genus-specific real-time PCR for Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. showed improved sensitivity and specificity of 82.76%, 87.18%, and 90.91%, 93.48% respectively compared with all other diagnostic methods used in the study. The positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for Aspergillus sp. specific PCR were 82.76% and 87.18% while Fusarium sp. specific PCR showed PPV of 86.96% and NPV of 95.56%. Genus-specific real-time PCRs did not show any amplification of 19 FK negative samples while faint amplification was observed in conventional PCR which on sequencing proved to be non-specific. No cross-reactivity was observed in clinical sample standardization. Due to the lack of Alternaria sp. and Curvularia sp. positive clinical samples, both PCRs were standardized using respective culture DNA which showed a positive result. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. genus-specific PCRs were further validated in 145 corneal samples, of which 91 were FK positive and showed similar results as that of standardization data. Genus-specific PCRs also reduced the turnaround time (˂24 h) by decreasing the need for the identification of causative agents. Conclusion Real-time PCR targeting ITS 2-region, particularly the genus-specific PCRs proved to be the most efficient for molecular diagnosis of FK. T","PeriodicalId":18325,"journal":{"name":"Medical mycology journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74307192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}