{"title":"Incremental algorithms of finding offset distance and minimum passage width using Voronoi diagram technique [CAM machining]","authors":"W. Lai, T. Faddis, R. Sorem","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.742053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.742053","url":null,"abstract":"Since some practical areas, such as computer graphics, computer-aided design, robotics, pattern recognition, and finite element methods, give rise to geometrical problems, Voronoi diagrams have broad areas of application, such as mesh generation in FEA (finite element analysis) and machining toolpath planning in CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) for NC pocket machining. When the mesh generation is applied in FEA, the information for extraction of geometric proximity is important. When the contour-parallel strategy is applied to machining toolpath planning, geometric degeneracies can occur and significantly require the performance of complicated and time-consuming computations of offset curves. The best way to deal with geometric proximity and geometric degeneracies is with Voronoi diagrams. If islands are considered in machining toolpath planning, it is necessary to calculate the minimum passage width between islands, or between islands and contour segments. This paper presents the incremental algorithms of the Voronoi diagram technique to calculate the offset distance for offset curves and the minimum passage width for pocket machining toolpath planning.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132260031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flip-chip assembly using anisotropic conducting adhesives: experimental and modelling results","authors":"C.N. Oguibe, S. Mannan, D. Whalley, D.J. Williams","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.741998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.741998","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a programme of experimental and computational work aimed at understanding key issues involved in using anisotropic conducting adhesive (ACA) materials in fine pitch flip-chip assemblies. The experimental programme involved the construction of a number of assemblies with flip-chip devices (unbumped and bumped) at a pitch of 200 /spl mu/m on ceramic and organic substrates. Measurements made on these assemblies show wide variations of conductivity at the electrical joints of the flip-chip assemblies, constructed under apparently the same experimental conditions. Attempts were made to identify reasons for the poor conductivity uniformity and to explain the origin of the unsatisfactory connections through experimental analysis of the linearity of the contact resistances and the effects of gap height on conduction within anisotropic conducting adhesive assemblies. In addition, computational models of metallic conduction in solid and polymer-cored particles were constructed to help further understand the conduction mechanism at electrical joints. Results indicate that flip-chip assemblies with larger conducting particles within the ACAs are able to produce higher yield than those with smaller conducting particles, while the experimental and computational analyses strongly suggest the presence of thin insulating films between particles and that give rise to nonuniform conductivity.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129609439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of the T-stress in the adhesively bonded joints on the locus of failure in rubber toughened epoxy system","authors":"B. Chen, D. Dillard, J. Dillard","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.742056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.742056","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. This study addresses T-stress effects on the locus of failure in adhesively bonded joints. Double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens were made using Al 6061-T6 adherends and DER 331 epoxy resin with rubber concentrations from 0% to 8%. In order to obtain different stress levels, specimens were loaded uniaxially to plastically deform the adherends. T-stress increased with the plastic deformation left in the specimen upon unloading. Under mode I loading, unstable or alternating crack propagation was seen when the T-stress in the specimen increased. After this stability transition occurred, failure occurred at or very close to the interfaces. However, the T-stress level where the stability transition occurred increased with adhesive rubber concentration. Post-failure XPS and SEM analysis showed that as rubber concentrations in the adhesive increased, failure tended to be more cohesive. FEA modeling using Franc2DI was conducted to predict crack propagation behavior. Results showed that when the crack is perturbed by an air bubble or flaw ahead of the crack tip, the crack continued to deviate from its original path if the T-stress was tensile. However, if the T-stress was compressive, a deviated crack would converge back to its original path. The convergence rate depended on the T-stress value. The FEA also predicted that under mode I loading, T-stress in specimens with thinner adherends was higher than that in specimens with thicker adherends, and failure tended to occur closer to the interfaces. This prediction was verified using DER 331 epoxy resin with 8.1% rubber and Al 6061-T6 adherends of varying thickness.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126971328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability testing and stress strain estimations of flip-chip joints made by stud-bump-bonding technique","authors":"J. Lenkkeri, J. Vahakangas","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.742046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.742046","url":null,"abstract":"Stud bumping with a ball bonder is a flexible method for fabrication of bumps suitable for adhesive joining of flip-chips. We made test structures with stud bumped chips on alumina and FR4 substrates using isotropically conductive adhesives and underfill materials selected to be compatible both mutually and with the type of substrate used. The chips protected by underfill dispensing were tested to remain stable up to 500 cycles in thermal cycling between -40 and 120/spl deg/C. Due to the limited mechanical strength of adhesive joints, especially when the joint area is very small compared to the chip area, good temperature cycling reliability requires an underfill material to increase the joint mechanical strength and to reduce thermally induced deformation caused by the differential thermal expansion of the chip and the substrate. Calculations were undertaken to estimate the stress-strain behavior of adhesive joints in temperature cycling using a developed 1D model together with assumptions about the material behavior. The effects of various geometrical factors on reliability were studied. The application of underfill material, temperature dependence of its elastic modulus, the difference in the chip and substrate thermal expansion coefficients, and the stiffness of the structure adjacent to the joints seem to have major effects on joint deformation during temperature cycling.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114040413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Iwamoto, M. Li, S. J. McCaffery, Masami Nakagawa, G. Mustoe
{"title":"Studies of underfill formulation effects using molecular dynamics and discrete element modeling","authors":"N. Iwamoto, M. Li, S. J. McCaffery, Masami Nakagawa, G. Mustoe","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.742048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.742048","url":null,"abstract":"The underfill phenomenon is driven by many dynamic interactions which can be studied from a fundamental standpoint. Although capillary action generally drives the filling phenomenon, it is the underlying principles that govern the underfill performance properties which must be understood. For instance, flow speed, filler settling, filler striation and voiding are all properties that require mechanistic understanding. Although binder and filler effects are expected from a combination of surface energy and particle dynamics drivers, the simple identification of the problem does not instruct on how to control these effects; and for the formulator or the end-use engineer, such understanding must be reduced to controllable variables. In order to address these issues, both molecular modeling and discrete element modeling have been used to understand the formulation constituent effects.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122515699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Beyer, F. Kuchenmeister, M. Bottcher, E. Meusel
{"title":"Flexible polyimide interposer for CSP preparation","authors":"V. Beyer, F. Kuchenmeister, M. Bottcher, E. Meusel","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.742012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.742012","url":null,"abstract":"Chip size packaging (CSP) is a promising approach in packaging and interconnect technologies in order to solve the increasing demands in microelectronics and microsystems. The application of bare dies to produce electrical components is considered as the major advantage of this packaging concept. In this study, an interposer consisting of a polyimide film is attached by a pre-deposited adhesive at the active side of the chip. Photolithography for patterning the conductor lines in a semiadditive processing sequence was employed. Bond wire techniques were used to connect the bond pads at the interposer and the die. The detailed description of the technology focuses on the adhesive deposition, the fabrication of the conductor pattern and the attachment of the pre-fabricated assembly to the board by soldering techniques.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131955094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Residual strength of OLB in a TAB assembly with ACF after thermal and mechanical loading","authors":"C.M.L. Wu, N. H. Yeung, M. Chau, J. Lai","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.742044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.742044","url":null,"abstract":"The key parameters of temperature, pressure, and time during bonding of the outer lead bonds (OLB) in a tape automated bonding (TAB) assembly with anisotropic conductive film (ACF) were investigated. In our study, thermal aging and thermal shock treatments were used to evaluate their reliability. Also, peel tests and microstructural examinations were conducted. It was found that the peel strength decreased slightly with the bonding temperature and bonding pressure. However, peel strength seemed to be stable with bonding time. In the aging test, the results showed that the peel strength decreased as the aging time increased. Moreover, results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that some voids were revealed near the TAB polyimide in the thermal shock treatment.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134578814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Persson, Z. Lai, A. Zribi, Johan Liu, Magnus Willander
{"title":"Effect of bump height on flip-chip joint reliability using ACA","authors":"K. Persson, Z. Lai, A. Zribi, Johan Liu, Magnus Willander","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.742015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.742015","url":null,"abstract":"There are many parameters that influence the quality and reliability of flip-chip joints assembled using anisotropically conductive adhesives. In this study, the influence of bump height has been investigated. Electroless nickel/gold bumps of 4, 20, 40 and 70 /spl mu/m in height have been used. The chips have been assembled on FR-4 substrates using an anisotropically conductive adhesive and the samples have been subjected to temperature cycling from -40 to +125/spl deg/C. It has been concluded that the bump height is of importance for flip-chip joint quality and reliability. Theoretical calculations have been conducted to find the relationship between joint mechanical strength and bump height at various distances from the centre of the chip.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"46 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114143551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of conductive adhesive joining technology in electronics packaging applications","authors":"Johan Liu, Z. Lai, Helge Kristiansen, C. Khoo","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.741996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.741996","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the current status of use of conductive adhesives in various electronics packaging applications. Strong emphasis is placed on recent developments in surface mount and flip-chip technology, as these methods in combination with conductive adhesives represent the latest developments in the area of electronics packaging. It is concluded that little practical use of conductive adhesives in surface mount has been found. In flip-chip applications, both isotropically and anisotropically conductive adhesives (ICAs and ACAs) have been used in real applications. Greater use is expected in the near future in this fast developing area.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"362 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125654202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel fast cure and reworkable underfill materials","authors":"B. Ma, Q. Tong, A. Savoca, T. Debarros","doi":"10.1109/ADHES.1998.742035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ADHES.1998.742035","url":null,"abstract":"A novel fast flow, fast cure and reworkable underfill material has been developed. This nonepoxy material satisfies all the basic requirements for underfill materials, such as high glass transition temperature, low viscosity and low thermal expansion coefficient. During laboratory testing, this underfill exhibits excellent flow behavior (about 10 seconds for a quarter inch die), and fast curability (less than 5 minutes at 150/spl deg/C). A distinct feature of this underfill material is its reworkability. Rework was achieved by thermal removal of the silicon die, followed by solvent cleaning of the underfill residue. Laboratory work demonstrates that the chip removal and underfill clean-up process can be completed within 5 minutes.","PeriodicalId":183195,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Adhesive Joining and Coating Technology in Electronics Manufacturing 1998 (Cat. No.98EX180)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129217423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}