Limnology and Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced benthic biodiversity and primary productivity with reduced turbidity in a coastal receiving environment","authors":"Andrew M. Lohrer,&nbsp;Orlando Lam-Gordillo,&nbsp;Emily J. Douglas,&nbsp;Richard H. Bulmer,&nbsp;Iain T. MacDonald","doi":"10.1002/lno.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sediment loading from land and turbidity in coastal waters has increased because of human activities in coastal catchments and through climate-related increases in storm intensity and frequency. Here, we investigated changes in coastal seafloor biodiversity and ecosystem function across a suspended sediment concentration gradient in a New Zealand nearshore receiving environment. Photosynthetically active sunlight radiation reaching the seafloor (PAR_S) increased from shoreward to seaward, providing evidence of increasing water clarity with increasing distance away from the major source of sediment to the system, the Wairoa River. Using the aquatic eddy covariance technique, we observed the lowest and highest benthic gross primary productivity, respectively, at sites closest to and furthest from the Wairoa River mouth. The seafloor at the furthest site had the highest sediment chlorophyll <i>a</i> content, highest chlorophyll : phaeophytin ratio, and richest, most abundant, and most diverse infauna and epifauna. Sediment and faunal data from 12 additional ancillary sites provided context for the four focal sites where we measured functions. Net ecosystem metabolism represents the balance of daily gross primary production and community respiration (R), with negative values indicating net heterotrophy (i.e., gross primary production &lt; |R|). The most diverse and productive site away from the Wairoa River mouth had the most heterotrophic net ecosystem metabolism value, indicating that it was the largest net emitter of CO₂. Our study highlights the importance of considering biodiversity and ecosystem function co-benefits when evaluating the carbon capture potential of coastal ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 9","pages":"2393-2404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redfield revisited: Insights into freshwater seston carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus stoichiometry","authors":"Isabelle M. Andersen, Jason M. Taylor, Daniel Graeber, Patrick T. Kelly, Alexa K. Hoke, Caleb J. Robbins, J. Thad Scott","doi":"10.1002/lno.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70133","url":null,"abstract":"Seston carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry plays a fundamental role in aquatic ecosystems, influencing nutrient cycling, primary and secondary production, and trophic interactions. In freshwater systems such as lakes, P limitation is more common, whereas in marine environments, N more frequently limits primary production, reflecting different nutrient limitation patterns across aquatic ecosystems. The Redfield ratio (C<jats:sub>106</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>16</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> molar), developed from marine seston, has long been considered a benchmark for nutrient composition and a predictor of nutrient limitation across aquatic ecosystems. A later global freshwater and marine seston survey proposed the Sterner ratio (C<jats:sub>166</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>20</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> molar) as a broader global seston average. We present the results of a fully replicated, multi‐annual freshwater mesocosm experiment testing the effect of variable resource N : P stoichiometry on seston stoichiometry. We found that the seston C : N : P ratio aligned with the Redfield ratio under N‐limited conditions, while P‐limited conditions aligned with the Sterner global survey of freshwater ecosystems. Ternary plots offered visual insight into stoichiometric shifts, showing a trend toward P depletion relative to C and N as N : P supply increases. The average seston C : N : P ratio observed from our experimental data was C<jats:sub>141</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>22</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> (molar) and variation in seston C : N : P was small compared to the resource ratio gradient. Our mesocosm experiment showed that the Redfield ratio provides a useful description of seston stoichiometry in N‐limited freshwater ecosystems. These findings advance the understanding of bottom‐up controls on seston C : N : P stoichiometry and highlight the need to refine ecological theories regarding the application of the Redfield ratio in freshwater ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of calcification and environmental variability determine pH proxy fidelity in coastal calcifying macroalgae","authors":"Ellen MacDonald,&nbsp;Maria Byrne,&nbsp;Dione J. Deaker,&nbsp;Gavin L. Foster,&nbsp;Sergio Torres Gabarda,&nbsp;John MacDonald,&nbsp;James W.B. Rae,&nbsp;Charlotte Slaymark,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Kamenos","doi":"10.1002/lno.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-lived calcifying marine biota are increasingly used as paleo-archives for reconstructing ocean pH. They enable exploration of the rate and magnitude of ocean acidification in shallow-water ecosystems serving as proxies for environmental pH reconstruction. However, shallow water systems often have highly variable carbonate chemistry, and the impact of this on the accuracy of pH reconstructions from long-lived marine calcifiers is not known. In particular, a better understanding of the timing of calcification with respect to environmental pH cyclicity is needed. To test the fidelity of coastal environmental pH proxies, we assessed the synchronicity between calcification and in situ diel carbonate chemistry in a tropical (One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia) and a temperate (Loch Sween, Scotland) location using calcifying macroalgae (rhodolith-forming coralline algae) as a model system. Calcification occurred primarily during daylight hours, meaning a recording bias was introduced when compared to the full diel pH range (&lt; 0.02 pH units). This bias resulted in pH offsets up to 0.043 pH units over the period 1860–2020, representing up to 34% of the projected pH change from 1860 in the tropics and up to 1.8% in temperate latitudes. Therefore, when proxy records are used to extend modern instrumental records of pH, we find that this may lead to bias, indicating daytime, nighttime, and full diel pH records should be assessed separately. We suggest that temporal pH cycles should be characterized at a local scale to enable incorporation of potential biases in the application of calcifying marine macroalgae to reconstruct pH change.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 9","pages":"2733-2744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of increased carbon dioxide and iron limitation on coastal and oceanic strains of Synechococcus","authors":"Huan Wang,&nbsp;William G. Sunda,&nbsp;Haiqi Shen,&nbsp;Haizheng Hong,&nbsp;Dalin Shi","doi":"10.1002/lno.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient that limits primary productivity in vast regions of the oceans. Ongoing increases in ocean carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations can affect both Fe availability and its requirement by phytoplankton, potentially impacting carbon fixation and the growth of Fe-limited phytoplankton. The cyanobacterium <i>Synechococcus</i> is one of the most ubiquitous phytoplankton groups in the ocean, and the strategies for oceanic and coastal <i>Synechococcus</i> to cope with low Fe stress may be different owing to large differences in Fe concentrations between oceanic and coastal waters. We cultured the oceanic <i>Synechococcus</i> strain WH8102 and coastal <i>Synechococcus</i> strain WH5701 under different <i>p</i>CO₂ levels and concentrations of bioavailable dissolved inorganic iron species (Fe′) to investigate how Fe limitation affects their response to increased CO₂ levels. The growth of the coastal strain was more limited by low Fe' concentrations than that of the oceanic strain. High <i>p</i>CO₂ significantly promoted the growth rate of both strains only under low Fe' concentrations. At similar degrees of Fe limitation, this effect was larger in the oceanic species and was largely due to a reduced growth demand for Fe-containing photosynthetic proteins. High <i>p</i>CO₂ also down-regulated CO₂-concentrating mechanisms and reduced intracellular oxidative stress in the Fe-limited oceanic strain, further benefiting cellular growth rates. Therefore, ongoing and future increases in CO₂ concentrations may affect the growth rate and species composition of <i>Synechococcus</i> in Fe-limited regions of the ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 8","pages":"2365-2380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144603686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radium isotopes quantify vertical mixing and reveal large benthic silicate fluxes in anoxic deep waters","authors":"Tristan McKenzie,&nbsp;Aprajita Singh Tomer,&nbsp;Tibaud Cardis,&nbsp;Claudia Majtényi-Hill,&nbsp;Beata Szymczycha,&nbsp;Per O. J. Hall,&nbsp;Shibin Zhao,&nbsp;Stefano Bonaglia,&nbsp;Michael Ernst Böttcher,&nbsp;Isaac R. Santos","doi":"10.1002/lno.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Benthic fluxes are important sources of nutrients and dissolved carbon to the water column. Yet, most approaches for quantifying benthic fluxes are labor intensive and cover relatively small areas of the ocean. Here, we use ²²⁴Ra to quantify ecosystem-scale vertical mixing across a largely hypoxic deep water column in the Baltic Sea and related benthic Si fluxes. Bottom water profiles from 50 stations along a ~ 5000 km cruise track in the Baltic Sea revealed highest ²²⁴Ra activities in the deep anoxic basins near the sediment source. Dissolved Si concentrations reached 110 <i>μ</i>M and followed a similar trend to radium. For the radium-based vertical mixing model, 26 out of 50 stations satisfied the required assumptions. When criteria were met, the radium profiles resolved vertical mixing rates on the order of 10⁻⁴ m² s⁻¹ and median dissolved Si fluxes of 5.9 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, both well within the range of previous local scale estimates based on modeling and sediment core incubations. Extrapolated benthic dissolved Si fluxes were 32 times greater than river dissolved Si flux to the Baltic Sea, highlighting the large contribution of seafloor sources to the water column.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 8","pages":"2332-2347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-driven alterations of lake thermal regimes","authors":"Christopher J. Sullivan,&nbsp;Jordan S. Read,&nbsp;Gretchen J. A. Hansen","doi":"10.1002/lno.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temperate lakes are undergoing climate-driven alterations in their thermal regimes, changing their ecology. Previous efforts to understand temperature changes have overlooked multi-dimensional temperature dynamics, missing complex shifts at high spatiotemporal resolutions across landscapes. Here, we use simulated daily water temperature profiles from &gt; 11,000 temperate lakes throughout the Midwestern United States to (1) quantify multivariate, landscape-scale patterns in contemporary thermal regimes and (2) contextualize forecasted shifts and identify novel regimes that may emerge with climatic change. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses identified six lake clusters with distinct thermal regimes driven by differences in annual warming rates and spring–summer dynamics, with secondary influences from extreme heat events and seasonal variability. Annual temperature variations were influenced by lake-specific physical characteristics, emphasizing distinct thermal profiles and seasonal variability patterns. Projected climate-driven alterations in thermal regimes suggest a homogenization toward warmer and more variable conditions, with the majority of lakes characterized by higher temperatures and increased variability. Few lakes (<i>n</i> = 310), particularly in the southern and southeastern Midwest, may experience novel, non-analog conditions by the late 21^st century, while others will undergo shifts between clusters but remain within analogous regime frameworks. Projected changes in lake thermal regimes highlight concerns about ecological impacts on aquatic species and habitats, especially as extreme and variable growing season temperatures intensify and periods of stratification become prolonged. Furthermore, we identify thermal regimes that are likely to dominate the region by the late 21^st century while identifying those likely to be lost. The ecological consequences of such changes remain unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 8","pages":"2348-2364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive links between microbial communities and biological oxygen utilization in the Arctic Ocean","authors":"Emelia J. Chamberlain,&nbsp;Sebastian Rokitta,&nbsp;Björn Rost,&nbsp;Alessandra D'Angelo,&nbsp;Jessie M. Creamean,&nbsp;Brice Loose,&nbsp;Adam Ulfsbo,&nbsp;Allison A. Fong,&nbsp;Clara J. M. Hoppe,&nbsp;Elise S. Droste,&nbsp;Daiki Nomura,&nbsp;Kirstin Schulz,&nbsp;Jeff Bowman","doi":"10.1002/lno.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbial metabolism influences rates of net community production (NCP), exerting a direct biological control on marine oxygen and carbon fluxes. In the Arctic, it is increasingly important to understand and quantify this process, as ecological and oceanographic conditions shift due to changing climate. Here, we describe potential ecological links between pelagic microbial diversity and an NCP precursor, biological oxygen utilization, using machine learning and paired observations of community structure and metabolic activity from a seasonally and spatially variable transect of the Arctic Ocean (2019–2020 MOSAiC Expedition). Community structure was determined using 16S (prokaryotic) and 18S (eukaryotic) rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and metabolic activity was derived from ΔO₂/Ar. Using self-organizing maps, we identified clear successional patterns in observed microbial community structure that were seasonally driven in the upper ocean and vertically stratified with depth. Metabolic activity was also stratified, with a primarily net heterotrophic water column (median −1.5% biological oxygen saturation), excepting periodic oxygen supersaturation (maximum: 13.6%) within the mixed layer. Using DNA sequences as predictor variables, we then constructed a random forest regression model that reliably reconstructed biological oxygen concentrations (root mean squared error = 4.14 <i>μ</i>mol kg⁻¹). Top predictors from this model were from heterotrophic (bacteria) or potentially mixotrophic (dinoflagellate) taxa. These analyses highlight biologically driven diagnostic tools that can be used to expand biogeochemical datasets and improve the microbial perspectives and metabolisms represented in ecological models of net productivity and carbon flux in a changing Arctic Ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 8","pages":"2315-2331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prairie stream nutrient stoichiometry across space and time: Influence of discharge, season, and crop type","authors":"Amy B. White,&nbsp;Robert B. Brua,&nbsp;Kristin J. Painter,&nbsp;Helen P. Jarvie,&nbsp;Adam G. Yates","doi":"10.1002/lno.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stream water nutrient ratios are often influenced by flow variation and landscape characteristics. However, the influence of these drivers on total and dissolved nutrient ratios remains understudied, especially in prairie ecosystems where hydrologic connectivity between soils and streams exhibits substantial spatial and seasonal variability. Here, we ask how hydrology and land cover drive patterns of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N : P ratios across streams and rivers draining northern prairie ecosystems. To answer this, we compiled nutrient concentration data for tributaries of the Red River, Manitoba, Canada, to assess seasonal and annual variation in nutrient ratios, as well as the relationship between crop cover, discharge, and ratios, over 1-yr, 10-yr, and 30-yr time spans. Total nitrogen : total phosphorus ratios were near the Redfield mass ratio (N/P = 7.23) across 24 streams in the Red River Valley. By comparison, dissolved inorganic nitrogen : total dissolved phosphorus ratios in these streams were N depleted and generally declined from spring through to autumn. The types of crops grown did not appear to be a consistent influence on nutrient ratios in streams throughout the region. In contrast, stream flows strongly influenced spring and summer nutrient ratios in four tributaries over a 30-yr period. Specifically, increasing stream flow tended to decrease TN : TP and DIN : TDP in the two eastern tributaries but increase DIN : TDP in the western tributaries. Our findings that nutrient ratios in prairie streams are impacted by seasonality and fluctuating hydrologic conditions suggest that nutrient ratios in Red River tributaries may be impacted by future climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 8","pages":"2284-2298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence as a tracer of the susceptibility of dissolved organic matter to photodegradation in the Arctic Ocean","authors":"Urban J. Wünsch,&nbsp;Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo,&nbsp;Mats A. Granskog,&nbsp;Linea Gry Ebbesen,&nbsp;Maria Papadimitraki,&nbsp;Colin A. Stedmon","doi":"10.1002/lno.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Arctic Ocean exports a large amount of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the Nordic seas. With climate change, the supply of terrestrial DOM from the Arctic Ocean will increase while less sea ice might lead to an increased loss of terrestrial DOM due to photodegradation. Here, we aimed to predict DOM photosensitivity based on fluorescence properties across the Eurasian Arctic. Exposures of seawater samples equaling approximately three d of surface irradiance at 85°N (above sea ice) were simulated. On average, 51% of fluorescence and 29% of DOM absorbance was lost while no significant photomineralization was observed. A N-way partial least squares model was trained to predict the average loss of DOM fluorescence relative to the start value (“photosensitivity index”) from the unexposed fluorescence landscapes. The prediction root mean squared error equaled 7.8% of the average predicted value. We applied the model to &gt; 1500 samples spanning from the Lena River plume, across central Arctic, through Fram Strait, to Denmark Strait. For terrestrial DOM in polar water, the photosensitivity index notably decreased on the Siberian and East Greenland shelf, whereas local, distinct decreases in photosensitivity index were confined to the summer mixed layer in the Central Arctic Ocean. The qualitative photosensitivity index can indicate the occurrence and extent of photodegradation and could be used to monitor the effects of sea ice retreat and thinning in the Arctic Ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 8","pages":"2299-2314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information & TOC","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/lno.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.70113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 6","pages":"1515-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}