Ellen MacDonald, Maria Byrne, Dione J. Deaker, Gavin L. Foster, Sergio Torres Gabarda, John MacDonald, James W.B. Rae, Charlotte Slaymark, Nicholas A. Kamenos
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To test the fidelity of coastal environmental pH proxies, we assessed the synchronicity between calcification and in situ diel carbonate chemistry in a tropical (One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia) and a temperate (Loch Sween, Scotland) location using calcifying macroalgae (rhodolith-forming coralline algae) as a model system. Calcification occurred primarily during daylight hours, meaning a recording bias was introduced when compared to the full diel pH range (< 0.02 pH units). This bias resulted in pH offsets up to 0.043 pH units over the period 1860–2020, representing up to 34% of the projected pH change from 1860 in the tropics and up to 1.8% in temperate latitudes. Therefore, when proxy records are used to extend modern instrumental records of pH, we find that this may lead to bias, indicating daytime, nighttime, and full diel pH records should be assessed separately. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
长期钙化的海洋生物群越来越多地被用作重建海洋pH值的古档案。它们可以用来探索浅水生态系统中海洋酸化的速率和程度,作为环境pH值重建的替代指标。然而,浅水系统通常具有高度可变的碳酸盐化学,这对长期存在的海洋钙化剂重建pH值的准确性的影响尚不清楚。特别是,需要更好地了解钙化时间与环境pH循环的关系。为了测试沿海环境pH指标的保真度,我们使用钙化大型藻类(rhodolith - forming coralline algae)作为模型系统,评估了热带(澳大利亚大堡礁One Tree Island)和温带(苏格兰Sween湖)地区钙化和原位diel碳酸盐化学之间的同步性。钙化主要发生在白天,这意味着与全昼夜pH范围(<;0.02 pH单位)。这种偏差导致1860 - 2020年期间pH值抵消高达0.043个pH单位,相当于热带地区自1860年以来预估pH值变化的34%,温带地区的预估pH值变化高达1.8%。因此,当使用代理记录来扩展现代仪器pH记录时,我们发现这可能会导致偏差,表明应分别评估白天,夜间和全天的pH记录。我们建议在局部尺度上表征时间pH循环,以便在应用钙化海洋大型藻类重建pH变化时纳入潜在的偏差。
Timing of calcification and environmental variability determine pH proxy fidelity in coastal calcifying macroalgae
Long-lived calcifying marine biota are increasingly used as paleo-archives for reconstructing ocean pH. They enable exploration of the rate and magnitude of ocean acidification in shallow-water ecosystems serving as proxies for environmental pH reconstruction. However, shallow water systems often have highly variable carbonate chemistry, and the impact of this on the accuracy of pH reconstructions from long-lived marine calcifiers is not known. In particular, a better understanding of the timing of calcification with respect to environmental pH cyclicity is needed. To test the fidelity of coastal environmental pH proxies, we assessed the synchronicity between calcification and in situ diel carbonate chemistry in a tropical (One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia) and a temperate (Loch Sween, Scotland) location using calcifying macroalgae (rhodolith-forming coralline algae) as a model system. Calcification occurred primarily during daylight hours, meaning a recording bias was introduced when compared to the full diel pH range (< 0.02 pH units). This bias resulted in pH offsets up to 0.043 pH units over the period 1860–2020, representing up to 34% of the projected pH change from 1860 in the tropics and up to 1.8% in temperate latitudes. Therefore, when proxy records are used to extend modern instrumental records of pH, we find that this may lead to bias, indicating daytime, nighttime, and full diel pH records should be assessed separately. We suggest that temporal pH cycles should be characterized at a local scale to enable incorporation of potential biases in the application of calcifying marine macroalgae to reconstruct pH change.
期刊介绍:
Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.