Limnology and Oceanography最新文献_第8页

Dynamics of marine inorganic carbon and silica: A field study of the mechanisms controlling seawater major element concentrations 海洋无机碳和二氧化硅的动态：控制海水主要元素浓度机制的实地研究

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12781

Zvi Steiner, Tal Benaltabet, Adi Torfstein

引用次数: 0

Nutrient pulse scenarios drive contrasting patterns in the functional stability of freshwater phytoplankton 营养脉冲情景驱动淡水浮游植物功能稳定性的对比模式

IF 4.5 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12782

Anika Happe, Bence Buttyán, Bence Gergácz, Silke Langenheder, Stella A. Berger, Jens C. Nejstgaard, Maren Striebel

{"title":"Nutrient pulse scenarios drive contrasting patterns in the functional stability of freshwater phytoplankton","authors":"Anika Happe, Bence Buttyán, Bence Gergácz, Silke Langenheder, Stella A. Berger, Jens C. Nejstgaard, Maren Striebel","doi":"10.1002/lno.12782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12782","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is increasing the frequency, intensity, and stochasticity of extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, storm‐induced mixing, or prolonged drought periods. This results in more variable regimes of dissolved nutrients and carbon in lakes and induces temporal fluctuations in the resource availability for plankton communities, which can further lead to changes in growth and the cellular ratio of essential elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. However, the current understanding of the effects of variations in regularity and frequency of precipitation events on both producer and consumer levels is limited by the lack of experimental studies examining processes at multiple trophic levels. In our mesocosm study, we added the same total amount of nitrate, phosphate, and colored dissolved organic matter (cDOM) to each mesocosm at pulses differing in frequency (daily, intermittent, or one extreme addition) and regularity (regular, irregular) over a simulated run‐off period followed by a recovery period. Our results showed that phytoplankton biomass fully recovered to control conditions from one extreme nutrient and cDOM pulse, whereas pulses of higher frequency gradually increased the biomass. In terms of stoichiometry, the extreme pulse led to the lowest stability in particulate C : P and N : P ratios. At the zooplankton level, copepod biomass decreased across all nutrient and cDOM additions, but no effects between the treatments were found. Overall, our study demonstrates that phytoplankton stability depends on the regularity and frequency of nutrient additions and differs substantially between biomass and stoichiometry, but the effects may be buffered on zooplankton level.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upwelling of cold water in the South Yellow Sea alleviates phosphorus and silicon limitations 南黄海冷水的上涌缓解了磷和硅的限制

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12784

Xiaona Chen, Tiezhu Mi, Zhigang Yu, Fuxia Yang, Ke Wang, Shasha Zhang, Yinan Zhang, Liping Yuan, Qingzhen Yao

{"title":"Upwelling of cold water in the South Yellow Sea alleviates phosphorus and silicon limitations","authors":"Xiaona Chen, Tiezhu Mi, Zhigang Yu, Fuxia Yang, Ke Wang, Shasha Zhang, Yinan Zhang, Liping Yuan, Qingzhen Yao","doi":"10.1002/lno.12784","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.12784","url":null,"abstract":"Upwelling in the South Yellow Sea is a phenomenon that plays an important role in nutrient transport and biological productivity. Based on remote sensing data from 2000 to 2022 and in situ observations from 2012 to 2022, we investigated the interannual variability of cold-water mass frontal upwelling and its contribution to the transport of nutrients in the South Yellow Sea. The results showed that the upwelling positions during summer were consistent with the fronts of the cold-water masses. The influence of upwelling on nutrient distribution and transport varied interannually, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation during winter might influence the intensity of summer frontal upwelling by modulating summer winds. Nutrient fluxes via upwelling from 2012 to 2022 were estimated: 0.08 × 108–25.9 × 108 mol month−1 of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.003 × 108–0.67 × 108 mol month−1 of dissolved inorganic phosphate, and 0.12 × 108–40.8 × 108 mol month−1 of dissolved silicate. Nutrient fluxes during summer were comparable to the summer inputs from the Changjiang River. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen/dissolved inorganic phosphate ratio in frontal upwelling decreased from 38.6 in 2012 to 20.0 in 2022, and the dissolved silicate/dissolved inorganic nitrogen ratio increased from 0.93 in 2012 to 2.48 in 2022. Nutrient composition and fluxes carried by upwelling can alleviate the limitations of both phosphorus and silicon in the South Yellow Sea. Upwelling nutrients in the frontal zone of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass could promote local phytoplankton growth and contribute to the development of Ulva prolifera.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 3","pages":"553-566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiological and morphological scaling enables gigantism in pelagic protists 生理和形态上的缩放使远洋原生生物具有巨大性

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12770

Janet E. Burke, Leanne E. Elder, Amy E. Maas, Daniel E. Gaskell, Elizabeth G. Clark, Allison Y. Hsiang, Gavin L. Foster, Pincelli M. Hull

{"title":"Physiological and morphological scaling enables gigantism in pelagic protists","authors":"Janet E. Burke, Leanne E. Elder, Amy E. Maas, Daniel E. Gaskell, Elizabeth G. Clark, Allison Y. Hsiang, Gavin L. Foster, Pincelli M. Hull","doi":"10.1002/lno.12770","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.12770","url":null,"abstract":"Planktonic foraminifera are pelagic protists frequently used to study paleoenvironmental change. Many planktonic foraminifera, like other taxa in Rhizaria, reach gigantic proportions relative to other pelagic protists (> 600 μm), placing them in a size class dominated by metazoans. Here, we combine new and existing respiration rate measurements, micro-CT scans, and test size measurements to investigate allometric scaling of metabolic rates, relative biomass density, and mixotrophy in contributing to the ability of planktonic foraminifera to reach large sizes. Respiration rate increases with foraminiferal biovolume with a slope of 0.51 ± 0.18. This allometric scaling slope is lower than those reported in other plankton. Further, the basal respiration rates for planktonic foraminifera exceed those of other organisms in their size class when probable biomass, rather than test volume, is considered. Using the allometric regression on a published database of modern planktonic foraminifera from the Atlantic Ocean, we estimate that gigantic individuals account for 15.3–26.1% of foraminiferal community respiration in temperate and tropical/subtropical latitudes, despite making up only 4.5–8.3% of individuals. We hypothesize that shallow scaling of test size with metabolism and of test size to actual biomass is the key factor allowing for gigantism in planktonic foraminifera. Having a large test and broadcasting rhizopodial networks increases the functional volume of the organism, allowing higher passive prey encounter rates to support the elevated metabolic rates in planktonic foraminifera. Mixotrophy may act as a mitigating factor for metabolic challenges at low latitudes, accounting for the presence of large populations of giant, predominately mixotrophic Rhizarians in these assemblages.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 2","pages":"461-476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iron and phosphorus limitations modulate the effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on a unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium 铁和磷限制调节二氧化碳富集对单细胞固氮蓝藻的影响

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12780

Ze Chen, Wenqian Xie, Sven Kranz, Haizheng Hong, Dalin Shi

{"title":"Iron and phosphorus limitations modulate the effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on a unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium","authors":"Ze Chen, Wenqian Xie, Sven Kranz, Haizheng Hong, Dalin Shi","doi":"10.1002/lno.12780","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.12780","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) availability constrain the growth and N2 fixation of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the global ocean. However, how Fe and P limitation may modulate the effects of ocean acidification on the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Crocosphaera remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the physiological responses of Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501 to CO2 enrichment under both nutrient-replete and steadily Fe- or P-limited conditions. Increased CO2 (750 μatm vs. 400 μatm) reduced the growth and N2 fixation rates of Crocosphaera, with Fe limitation intensifying the negative effect, whereas CO2 enrichment had a minimal impact under P limitation. Mechanistically, the high CO2 treatment may have led to a reallocation of limited Fe to nitrogenase synthesis to compensate for the reduction in nitrogenase efficiency caused by low pH; consequently, other Fe-requiring metabolic pathways, such as respiration and photosynthesis, were impaired, which in turn amplified the negative effects of acidification. Conversely, under P limitation, CO2 enrichment had little or no effect on cellular P allocation among major P-containing molecules (polyphosphate, phospholipids, DNA, and RNA). Cell volumes were significantly reduced in P-limited and high CO2 cultures, which increased the surface : volume ratio and could facilitate nutrient uptake, thereby alleviating some of the negative effect of acidification on N2 fixation. These findings highlight the distinct responses of Crocosphaera to high CO2 under different nutrient conditions, improving a predictive understanding of global N2 fixation in future acidified oceans.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 3","pages":"536-552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the influence of snow and ice conditions on under-ice light regimes, dissolved oxygen, and primary production in shallow lakes using controlled manipulative systems 利用控制操作系统评估冰雪条件对浅湖冰下光照、溶解氧和初级产量的影响

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12788

David C. Barrett, Frederick J. Wrona

{"title":"Evaluating the influence of snow and ice conditions on under-ice light regimes, dissolved oxygen, and primary production in shallow lakes using controlled manipulative systems","authors":"David C. Barrett, Frederick J. Wrona","doi":"10.1002/lno.12788","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.12788","url":null,"abstract":"Shifts in hydroclimatic regimes associated with global climate change are affecting the timing and duration of winter ice-cover in temperate and high-latitude lakes. Less is known on how associated changes in ice quality potentially affect under-ice ecological processes and related biogeochemistry, particularly in shallow lake systems. This experimental study examined how differing surface ice-cover types (slushed white ice, unmanipulated ice formation [black], snow-on-ice) affected under-ice light and oxygen regimes and associated chlorophyll a concentrations, and water quality parameters using a combination of aboveground mesocosms and natural ponds over two consecutive winter seasons. In both systems, light transmission under white ice did not differ significantly from black but was significantly greater than snow-on-ice. Measures of light extinction coefficients taken at the ice-water interface in the experimental ponds increased for black, white, and snow-on-ice, respectively, with all values being above thresholds for autotrophic activity. Under-ice dissolved oxygen levels in all mesocosm ice treatments increased continually over time with increasing day length, peaking prior to ice off. Accumulated DO levels were aligned with observed chlorophyll a concentrations, with peaks early after ice onset, and decreases as winter progressed though patterns differed between years. No significant differences were observed in mean chlorophyll a levels in snow-removed treatment ponds, regardless of whether white or black ice was present while the snow-on-ice ponds displayed consistently lower levels. This study highlights the complexities and importance of using manipulative experimental approaches to advance our understanding of how alterations in surface ice-cover quality affect under-ice hydro-ecological processes.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 3","pages":"599-616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.12788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organic carbon decay mediated by a mesopelagic microbial community: The relevance of carbon pools and broad biochemical composition 中上层微生物群落介导的有机碳衰变：碳库与广泛生化组成的相关性

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12796

Noah J. Craft, Alexander B. Bochdansky

{"title":"Organic carbon decay mediated by a mesopelagic microbial community: The relevance of carbon pools and broad biochemical composition","authors":"Noah J. Craft, Alexander B. Bochdansky","doi":"10.1002/lno.12796","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.12796","url":null,"abstract":"The mesopelagic zone is a site of strong microbially driven particle attenuation with depth and thus plays a crucial role in controlling the transfer efficiency of the ocean's biological pump. However, little quantitative information exists on the dependency of decay processes on the source material. Here we followed the decay of 14C-labeled dead particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from three different phytoplankton species, and two incubations of live diatoms, in mesopelagic water over 3 months. Commonly used first-order kinetics failed to adequately describe the decay of organic material as rate constants varied from day to day. Over extended periods, decay rates for organic material exhibited two distinct phases, with rates in the second phase being inversely related to rates in the first phase. Microbial biomass (measured via adenosine triphosphate and cell counts) increased substantially during phase 1 and ebbed during phase 2. Decay rates were significantly different among the three algal sources; however, differences were even more pronounced among carbon pools and followed a distinct pattern (combined average per-day decay rates at 12°C): fresh DOC (0.6) > fresh POC (0.1) > live cells (0.06) > aged DOC/POC (0.01). Separation of POC into four broad biochemical fractions showed that components in the operationally defined lipid fraction contained the most degradable compounds for fresh material. Our research highlights the need to include the dynamics of the most easily digestible fractions of freshly released organic material, and live plankton resilient to digestion, in calculations of vertical carbon flux budgets.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 3","pages":"634-649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.12796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate oscillations drive nutrient availability and seagrass abundance at a regional scale 气候振荡在区域尺度上驱动养分的可用性和海草的丰度

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12787

Johannes R. Krause, Ana Roden, Henry Briceño, James W. Fourqurean

{"title":"Climate oscillations drive nutrient availability and seagrass abundance at a regional scale","authors":"Johannes R. Krause, Ana Roden, Henry Briceño, James W. Fourqurean","doi":"10.1002/lno.12787","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.12787","url":null,"abstract":"Seagrasses are increasingly recognized for their ecosystem functions and services. However, both natural and anthropogenic stressors impact seagrass functional traits, for example by altering nutrient regimes. Here, we synthesize 27 yr of data from regional, long-term seagrass and water quality monitoring programs of south Florida to investigate the impacts of relative nutrient availability on seagrass abundance (as expressed by percent cover) across an oligotrophic seascape. We employ linear mixed-effect models and generalized additive models to show that seagrass abundance is driven by interannual variations in nutrient concentrations, which are ultimately controlled by climate oscillations (El Niño Southern Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) via regional rainfall-runoff relationships. Our study suggests that climate oscillations drive interannual variations in seagrass cover on a regional scale, with high-rainfall years leading to increased nitrogen availability and higher seagrass abundance in typically nitrogen-limited backreef meadows. Conversely, these periods are associated with reduced seagrass cover at the more P-limited inshore sites and in Florida Bay, with yet unknown consequences for the provision of seagrass ecosystem services. We show that nutrient delivery from runoff can have diverging impacts on benthic communities, depending on spatial patterns of relative nutrient limitation, with some N-limited seagrass meadows showing resilience to periodic nutrient enrichment.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 3","pages":"583-598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-ecosystem trophic structure and benthic–pelagic coupling: Effects of depth, body size, and feeding guild 跨生态系统营养结构与底栖-深海耦合：深度、体型和摄食同系物的影响

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12794

Andrea Walters, Dorothée Kopp, Pierre Cresson, Marianne Robert

{"title":"Cross-ecosystem trophic structure and benthic–pelagic coupling: Effects of depth, body size, and feeding guild","authors":"Andrea Walters, Dorothée Kopp, Pierre Cresson, Marianne Robert","doi":"10.1002/lno.12794","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.12794","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how energy is transferred within and across ecosystems is essential to better understand drivers and future consequences of shifts in energy pathways. We used stable isotope ratios of 1932 fish individuals belonging to the 11 most abundant fish species collected across 300,000 km2 along the English Channel–Celtic Sea continuum. To examine cross-ecosystem differences in trophic functioning, we assessed the effects of both extrinsic (depth) and intrinsic factors (body size and feeding guild) on resource use and trophic position of fish consumers. Positive relationships between trophic position and body size were observed for zoobenthivore and piscivore fishes, whereas the relationship was negative for benthivore fishes. Body size is thus an important structuring mechanism in the systems. Trophic position decreased with increasing depth for all levels of biological organization. The amplitude of the change between shallow and deep stations was equivalent to more than one trophic level for generalist planktivores and piscivores. In the shallow English Channel, the food web is marked by stronger coupling of benthic and pelagic habitats via diverse pathways, due to the proximity of benthic and pelagic species, whereas in the Celtic Sea, increasing depth leads to a decoupling of benthic and pelagic pathways. For piscivores, a consistent pattern of increasing dependence on benthic subsidies with increasing size and depth highlights the importance of large consumers coupling energy across food web compartments. This study describes the relationship between production and trophic functioning and provides an empirical ecological explanation for cross-ecosystem differences in observed trophic structures.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 3","pages":"617-633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.12794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eddy generation in a large, deep dimictic freshwater lake in ice-free period 无冰期大深二分生淡水湖的涡生

IF 3.8 1区地球科学

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12786

Alexei V. Kouraev, Elena A. Zakharova, Andrey G. Kostianoy, Nicholas M.J. Hall, Anna I. Ginzburg, Frédérique Rémy, Roman E. Zdorovennov, Andrey Ya Suknev

{"title":"Eddy generation in a large, deep dimictic freshwater lake in ice-free period","authors":"Alexei V. Kouraev, Elena A. Zakharova, Andrey G. Kostianoy, Nicholas M.J. Hall, Anna I. Ginzburg, Frédérique Rémy, Roman E. Zdorovennov, Andrey Ya Suknev","doi":"10.1002/lno.12786","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lno.12786","url":null,"abstract":"We address eddy generation in the middle part of Lake Baikal—a large freshwater dimictic lake in Siberia, where river discharge, wind influence and coastline shape impact horizontal water exchange. We use satellite remote sensing, historical observations and in situ data to follow the different stages of warm and cold anticyclonic eddy generation before and after vertical overturn; an aspect that has received little attention in previous works. Thermal satellite images for 1998–2022 indicate a stable repeating seasonal pattern which is classified into stage of eddy generation and development. Field observations complement satellite imagery to characterize the vertical structure of the eddies. The main source of eddy generation is the outflow from Barguzin Bay which interacts with the coastline. Subsequent eddy generation is driven by density gradients and geostrophic adjustment. In summer, this outflow is dominated by river inflow and lead to the formation of warm anticyclonic eddies. After autumnal vertical overturn, the outflow is forced by the wind bringing cold water from the bay to Middle Baikal and creating cold anticyclonic eddies. We suggest that in the autumn, when the surrounding water cools to a temperature below about 4°C, these cold eddies sink and transform into intrathermocline lens-like eddies that persist under ice and can later create giant ice rings on the Baikal ice cover.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"70 3","pages":"567-582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.12786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0