Isabelle M. Andersen, Jason M. Taylor, Daniel Graeber, Patrick T. Kelly, Alexa K. Hoke, Caleb J. Robbins, J. Thad Scott
{"title":"雷德菲尔德重访:对淡水林碳、氮、磷化学计量学的洞察","authors":"Isabelle M. Andersen, Jason M. Taylor, Daniel Graeber, Patrick T. Kelly, Alexa K. Hoke, Caleb J. Robbins, J. Thad Scott","doi":"10.1002/lno.70133","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Seston carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry plays a fundamental role in aquatic ecosystems, influencing nutrient cycling, primary and secondary production, and trophic interactions. In freshwater systems such as lakes, P limitation is more common, whereas in marine environments, N more frequently limits primary production, reflecting different nutrient limitation patterns across aquatic ecosystems. The Redfield ratio (C<jats:sub>106</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>16</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> molar), developed from marine seston, has long been considered a benchmark for nutrient composition and a predictor of nutrient limitation across aquatic ecosystems. A later global freshwater and marine seston survey proposed the Sterner ratio (C<jats:sub>166</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>20</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> molar) as a broader global seston average. We present the results of a fully replicated, multi‐annual freshwater mesocosm experiment testing the effect of variable resource N : P stoichiometry on seston stoichiometry. We found that the seston C : N : P ratio aligned with the Redfield ratio under N‐limited conditions, while P‐limited conditions aligned with the Sterner global survey of freshwater ecosystems. Ternary plots offered visual insight into stoichiometric shifts, showing a trend toward P depletion relative to C and N as N : P supply increases. The average seston C : N : P ratio observed from our experimental data was C<jats:sub>141</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>22</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> (molar) and variation in seston C : N : P was small compared to the resource ratio gradient. Our mesocosm experiment showed that the Redfield ratio provides a useful description of seston stoichiometry in N‐limited freshwater ecosystems. These findings advance the understanding of bottom‐up controls on seston C : N : P stoichiometry and highlight the need to refine ecological theories regarding the application of the Redfield ratio in freshwater ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Redfield revisited: Insights into freshwater seston carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus stoichiometry\",\"authors\":\"Isabelle M. Andersen, Jason M. Taylor, Daniel Graeber, Patrick T. Kelly, Alexa K. Hoke, Caleb J. Robbins, J. Thad Scott\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/lno.70133\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Seston carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry plays a fundamental role in aquatic ecosystems, influencing nutrient cycling, primary and secondary production, and trophic interactions. In freshwater systems such as lakes, P limitation is more common, whereas in marine environments, N more frequently limits primary production, reflecting different nutrient limitation patterns across aquatic ecosystems. The Redfield ratio (C<jats:sub>106</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>16</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> molar), developed from marine seston, has long been considered a benchmark for nutrient composition and a predictor of nutrient limitation across aquatic ecosystems. A later global freshwater and marine seston survey proposed the Sterner ratio (C<jats:sub>166</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>20</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> molar) as a broader global seston average. We present the results of a fully replicated, multi‐annual freshwater mesocosm experiment testing the effect of variable resource N : P stoichiometry on seston stoichiometry. We found that the seston C : N : P ratio aligned with the Redfield ratio under N‐limited conditions, while P‐limited conditions aligned with the Sterner global survey of freshwater ecosystems. Ternary plots offered visual insight into stoichiometric shifts, showing a trend toward P depletion relative to C and N as N : P supply increases. The average seston C : N : P ratio observed from our experimental data was C<jats:sub>141</jats:sub> : N<jats:sub>22</jats:sub> : P<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> (molar) and variation in seston C : N : P was small compared to the resource ratio gradient. Our mesocosm experiment showed that the Redfield ratio provides a useful description of seston stoichiometry in N‐limited freshwater ecosystems. These findings advance the understanding of bottom‐up controls on seston C : N : P stoichiometry and highlight the need to refine ecological theories regarding the application of the Redfield ratio in freshwater ecosystems.\",\"PeriodicalId\":18143,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Limnology and Oceanography\",\"volume\":\"51 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Limnology and Oceanography\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70133\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"LIMNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Limnology and Oceanography","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70133","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"LIMNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Seston carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry plays a fundamental role in aquatic ecosystems, influencing nutrient cycling, primary and secondary production, and trophic interactions. In freshwater systems such as lakes, P limitation is more common, whereas in marine environments, N more frequently limits primary production, reflecting different nutrient limitation patterns across aquatic ecosystems. The Redfield ratio (C106 : N16 : P1 molar), developed from marine seston, has long been considered a benchmark for nutrient composition and a predictor of nutrient limitation across aquatic ecosystems. A later global freshwater and marine seston survey proposed the Sterner ratio (C166 : N20 : P1 molar) as a broader global seston average. We present the results of a fully replicated, multi‐annual freshwater mesocosm experiment testing the effect of variable resource N : P stoichiometry on seston stoichiometry. We found that the seston C : N : P ratio aligned with the Redfield ratio under N‐limited conditions, while P‐limited conditions aligned with the Sterner global survey of freshwater ecosystems. Ternary plots offered visual insight into stoichiometric shifts, showing a trend toward P depletion relative to C and N as N : P supply increases. The average seston C : N : P ratio observed from our experimental data was C141 : N22 : P1 (molar) and variation in seston C : N : P was small compared to the resource ratio gradient. Our mesocosm experiment showed that the Redfield ratio provides a useful description of seston stoichiometry in N‐limited freshwater ecosystems. These findings advance the understanding of bottom‐up controls on seston C : N : P stoichiometry and highlight the need to refine ecological theories regarding the application of the Redfield ratio in freshwater ecosystems.
期刊介绍:
Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.