{"title":"Learning ‘from’ vs. learning ‘about’ partners in pre-acquisition strategic alliances: The role of familiarity","authors":"Yueling Zhou , Emanuel Gomes , Ferran Vendrell-Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between pre-acquisition alliances and post-acquisition performance has been widely recognized, but there are differing explanations from existing theoretical perspectives. On the one hand, organizational learning emphasizes that prior strategic alliances allow the acquiring firm to <em>learn from</em> the target company, gaining new technological knowledge and skills. On the other hand, relational learning focuses on the acquiring firm's understanding of the target firm's working methods, culture, leadership styles, and overall organizational dynamics, i.e., <em>learning about</em> the target, facilitating the formation of psychological contracts and mutual understanding. To reconcile these perspectives, we explore the moderating role of familiarity. While recognizing the importance of acquiring new knowledge and skills in all alliances, we argue that building trust and understanding with the target firm is especially important in pre-acquisition alliances. As a result, post-acquisition performance will be largely influenced by the acquiring firm's familiarity with the partner's context, thereby enhancing the conditions for learning about the partner. We hypothesize that cultural and market familiarity positively moderate the relationship from pre-acquisition alliances and post-acquisition performance. Using data from <span>SDC</span> Platinum, EIKON, and ORBIS, covering 712 majority or full acquisitions, we find strong support for our hypotheses. Specifically, pre-acquisition alliances are most effective in domestic and industrially related acquisitions. Additionally, the benefit of previous strategic alliances diminishes as cultural distance increases. These findings hold up under various matching techniques and have substantial implications for both scholars and practitioners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 6","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024630123000936/pdfft?md5=87367e17ad869318b397b75689f7e150&pid=1-s2.0-S0024630123000936-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resource redeployment in corporate acquisitions: Going beyond horizontal acquisitions","authors":"Arkadiy V. Sakhartov , Jeffrey J. Reuer","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resource redeployment between merging firms is an important way in which corporate acquisitions create value. Such redeployment can occur in horizontal deals when the acquirer and the target are from the same industry, or in non-horizontal deals when the acquirer and the target come from different industries. Although existing research focuses on the former scenario of resource deployment in horizontal acquisitions, resource deployment as a potential source of value in non-horizontal acquisitions has been understudied. This study uses a formal model to develop a theory of resource redeployment that both embraces and contrasts both types of acquisitions to offer new insights. The study concludes that the focus on horizontal acquisitions misses M&A contexts in which resource redeployment can create the highest value. Results from the model also demonstrate that acquisition performance has an inverse U-shaped relationship with relatedness between the merging firms. Finally, the effect of relatedness critically depends on the asymmetry in returns between the merging firms. These results are important for future empirical studies of acquisition performance and of target selection and are instructive to corporate managers seeking targets and managing potential redeployment of resources across organizations via M&A.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 6","pages":"Article 102287"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41848148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faisal M. Ahsan , Sathyajit R. Gubbi , Manish Popli
{"title":"Do board interlocks affect the frequency and pace of cross-border acquisitions by emerging market firms?","authors":"Faisal M. Ahsan , Sathyajit R. Gubbi , Manish Popli","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In emerging markets, where strategic information is hard to obtain and often unreliable, how local firms acquire information to execute cross-border acquisitions is unclear. In this paper, we posit that when the market for information is weak, and firms lack experiential knowledge, board interlocks with other cross-border acquirers affect the frequency and pace of cross-border acquisitions. Furthermore, we anticipate board interlock efficacy to decline with the focal firm's firsthand experience (substitution effect) and foreign institutional investors (FIIs) equity holding in the local firm (self-disciplining effect). We find support for our hypotheses in a large sample of Indian firms for the period 2003–2014. Our paper contributes to mergers and acquisitions and emerging markets literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 6","pages":"Article 102346"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45958244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What drives integration teams to achieve high integration process performance in absorption acquisitions? A configurational analysis","authors":"Norbert Steigenberger , Mark Ebers","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integration process performance, capturing the extent to which integration teams realize their integration milestones, is significant in absorption acquisitions, because it constitutes an important intermediate step towards eventual M&A performance. Still, we know little about the conditions that motivate and enable integration teams to attain the goals of the post-acquisition integration process. Based on goal-setting theory, we suggest that integration process performance in absorption acquisitions depends on the fit among the ambitiousness of the cost and growth goals with which an integration team is tasked, the ampleness of integration team staffing, and the extent to which target firm employees are involved in integration planning. Fuzzy-set Comparative Analyses of 199 integration teams in 23 absorption acquisitions reveal three distinct configurations of these conditions that can engender high integration process performance. The results of this study extend research on post-acquisition integration by offering theory and fine-grained empirical evidence at the task-level of the integration process and provide helpful guidelines for managerial practice in acquisition integration in absorption acquisitions. We further outline the potential of configurational reasoning for the analysis of mergers and acquisitions, as a way to methodologically rejuvenate the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 6","pages":"Article 102330"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024630123000377/pdfft?md5=38274403c5d41f09d41d491c32882c80&pid=1-s2.0-S0024630123000377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards a more inclusive notion of values in acquisition research","authors":"Olimpia Meglio , Svante Schriber","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2023.102331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acquisition research is intensely concerned with how acquisitions affect economic value, primarily looking at shareholder value, while overlooking or ascribing other values a subordinate role. We argue that this is unnecessarily restrictive and leaves out important values in acquisitions. To remedy this state of affairs, we critically engage with the notion of value in acquisitions with the aim of enriching acquisition research by recognizing a multitude of values present in acquisitions but largely unrecognized as such in research. Arguing value is an umbrella construct, we adopt a stakeholder approach and conduct a problematizing review focusing on key studies of economic and non-economic values in acquisitions, also enriched with other acquisition and business literature. Apart from challenging the underpinning assumptions of the dominating view of value denoting acquiring shareholders’ financial wealth, we identify non-economic marginalized values that are only rarely studied, including justice or gender equality, and pertinent neglected values, including the natural environment. We propose a research agenda around a broader range of dynamic, multifaceted values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 6","pages":"Article 102331"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024630123000389/pdfft?md5=522d596d6f2f74434cc97aa8411f1fd6&pid=1-s2.0-S0024630123000389-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micro-foundations of strategic decision-making in family business organisations: A cognitive neuroscience perspective","authors":"Xiaoyu Yu , Tao Liu , Lin He , Yajie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotion significantly affects strategic decision-making by entrepreneurs in family business organisations. This paper proposes a cognitive framework of strategic decision-making that emphasises the importance of emotion, based on a micro-foundational perspective: that is, an integrated hierarchy of cognitive processes underlying entrepreneurs' strategic decision-making and the interactions with external affective events. Previous studies that used traditional behavioural methodologies are reviewed with reference to the proposed cognitive framework to highlight importance of understanding effect of emotion-cognition interactions on entrepreneurs’ strategic decision-making process. New techniques using biological, physiological, and neuroscientific tools are then introduced as complementary methods for this line of research. Finally, future research directions are discussed with a focus on implicit cognitive processing, complex emotions, and cognitive interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 102198"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49766719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadine Kammerlander , Jochen Menges , Dennis Herhausen , Petra Kipfelsberger , Heike Bruch
{"title":"How family CEOs affect employees’ feelings and behaviors: A study on positive emotions","authors":"Nadine Kammerlander , Jochen Menges , Dennis Herhausen , Petra Kipfelsberger , Heike Bruch","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research suggests that firms with family CEOs differ from other types of businesses, yet surprisingly little is known about how employees in these firms feel and behave compared to those working in other firms. We draw from family science and management research to suggest that family CEOs, because of their emotion-evoking double role as family members and business leaders, are, on average, more likely to infuse employees with positive emotions, such as enthusiasm and excitement, than hired professional CEOs. We suggest that these emotions spread through firms by way of emotional contagion during interactions with employees, thereby setting the organizational affective tone. In turn, we hypothesize that in firms with family CEOs the voluntary turnover rate is lower. In considering structural features as boundary conditions, we propose that family CEOs have stronger effects in smaller and centralized firms, and weaker effects in formalized firms. Multilevel data from 41,200 employees and 2,246 direct reports of CEOs from 497 firms with and without family CEOs provide support for our model. This research suggests that firms managed by family CEOs, despite often being criticized as nepotistic relics of the past, tend to offer pleasant work environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 102209"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49380104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family owners' fear of losing socio-emotional wealth: Implications for firm innovativeness","authors":"Qilin Hu , Mathew Hughes , Paul Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By integrating literature on behavioral agency theory and fear as an emotional lens, we develop a theoretical framework explaining how family owners' fear of losing specific dimensions of socio-emotional endowments influence family firm innovativeness. Our analysis of data from a two-phased, multi-respondent, matched survey (n = 407) at two different time points from family SMEs (n = 207) in manufacturing industries in Chongqing, China, shows that socio-emotional preferences, and the fear attached to losing specific endowments, activate or constrain innovativeness. Family owners' fear of losing family control and influence increases firm innovativeness, as do family owners' fear of losing guanxi (social bonds). However, family owners' fear of losing identification with the business among family members decreases firm innovativeness, as do family owners' fear of being unable to renew family bonds. By deepening current understanding of fear and the perceived danger of losing socio-emotional wealth as determinants of firm innovativeness, our findings offer important implications for theory and practice, correcting for the inattention to sentiments and emotional preferences family owners may or may not have towards specific socio-emotional dimensions in their strategic choices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 102263"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49756036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josh Wei-Jun Hsueh , Giovanna Campopiano , Elizabeth Tetzlaff , Peter Jaskiewicz
{"title":"Managing non-family employees’ emotional connection with the family firms via shifting, compensating, and leveraging approaches","authors":"Josh Wei-Jun Hsueh , Giovanna Campopiano , Elizabeth Tetzlaff , Peter Jaskiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many family firms deploy strategies and practices to satisfy the needs of family employees. When non-family employees perceive a relational disadvantage compared to family employees, they may lower their evaluation of organizational identity (OI) and, in turn, identify less strongly with the family firm. Because family firms can ill afford to have non-family employees who lack a strong emotional connection with and commitment to the family firm, we explore approaches to foster non-family employees' evaluations of OI. Drawing on organizational identity theory, we find support for three approaches: (1) <em>shifting</em> non-family employees' evaluation of OI by enacting a proactive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategy, (2) <em>compensating</em> non-family employees for a perceived relational disadvantage by involving them in CSR decision-making, and (3) <em>leveraging</em> non-family employees' context, by drawing on those who share the values of the controlling family. Our theory and results suggest that family firms can deploy different approaches to manage the emotional connection with their non-family employees, which can help explain the observed variation in non-family employees’ organizational identification across family firms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 102274"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49154646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When the display of emotion is not enough: An emotion boundary management perspective on the quality of strategic decisions","authors":"Ethel Brundin , Jean-Charles Languilaire","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2022.102245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we take an interest in how family business members create their emotion rules and emotion boundaries in and between the two spheres of business and family and how they manage these. We show that this management of emotion boundaries affects the quality of strategic decisions. We conclude that family members create emotion rules and emotion boundaries based on the meanings and understandings of time, space, and/or the relationships that are embedded within the family business emotion-framing rules. Depending on their concern for their own interests and goals, family goals and/or family business goals, they engage in emotional displays that lead to emotional balance, dissonance, or stamina. We reveal how emotional displays affect the decision outcome quality. We therefore contribute to the literature on the role of emotion boundary management in strategic management by evaluating a specific context where the spheres of family and business overlap with more complexity than in a typical case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 102245"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45422756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}