{"title":"Top management teams hierarchical structures: An exploration of multi-level determinants","authors":"Aras Can Aktan , Fabrizio Castellucci","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the role structure of top management teams (TMT) is a relevant topic in strategic leadership research, the hierarchical structure of TMTs still needs to be explored. In this study, we conduct an exploratory analysis to understand better how TMTs are hierarchically structured and what drives different hierarchical configurations across TMTs. Our empirical analysis of 260 Standard & Poor firms between 2007 and 2018 offers unique insights. Primarily, we discover that even though TMT sizes remained constant between the years of observation, they became less hierarchical in structure, meaning that TMTs became relatively flatter. Moreover, we find that several factors related to CEO characteristics, strategic leadership, corporate governance, and firm and environmental conditions drove the changes in the hierarchical structure of TMTs. These combined empirical insights call for nuanced theoretical explanations of TMT hierarchical structures. We contribute to the TMT literature mainly by highlighting the development of different TMT hierarchical structures and providing new insights into their determinants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 3","pages":"Article 102515"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pasi Nevalainen , Juha-Antti Lamberg , Jarmo Seppälä , Pekka Mattila
{"title":"Executive training as a turning point in strategic renewal processes☆","authors":"Pasi Nevalainen , Juha-Antti Lamberg , Jarmo Seppälä , Pekka Mattila","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turning points—periods when firms shift their strategic trajectory—are central to the literature on strategic renewal. This study advances theoretical understanding by examining how executive training, a potential component of turning points, serves as a platform for constructing future trajectories. We investigate how such programs catalyze renewal by enabling firms to transition from one historical trajectory to another. Through an in-depth qualitative analysis of corporate archives, we find that the transformative effects of executive training hinge on power dynamics among organizational coalitions and the program's ability to challenge entrenched trajectories while inspiring new possibilities. Executive training creates temporal spaces where envisioning a future strategic direction requires both stigmatizing the existing trajectory and conceptualizing an alternative path forward. These programs are not neutral. Instead, they are shaped by power struggles that influence their content and objectives. Executives can strategically leverage training to steer broader renewal efforts, reframe perceptions of the firm's past, and articulate a vision for its future. In this way, executive training emerges as a critical tool not only for capability development but also for driving fundamental strategic transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 2","pages":"Article 102510"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo Cristofaro , Ivo Hristov , Riccardo Cimini , Dan Lovallo
{"title":"From start to stardom: The impact of resource allocation strategies on new venture survival and growth","authors":"Matteo Cristofaro , Ivo Hristov , Riccardo Cimini , Dan Lovallo","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An enduring question in the survival and growth of new ventures literature is why some start-ups secure survival while others fail, and why certain nascent firms achieve rapid growth in the ensuing years while many stagnate. This study investigates how conservative and aggressive resource allocation strategies impact these outcomes. By analyzing 44,559 firm-year observations in Italy from 2011 to 2019, we find that the more aggressive the resource allocation strategies—i.e., allocating a larger share of total assets to non-financial resources—the greater the likelihood of survival in the early phase. The same holds true during the growth phase, where ventures that continue adopting aggressive resource allocation strategies significantly increase their chances of becoming high-growth firms. Additional analysis highlights the critical role of plant, property, and equipment in influencing these outcomes. We also demonstrate that past resource allocation strategies exert a path-dependence effect. This underscores the importance of early-stage decisions in shaping a venture's long-term growth trajectory, as the more aggressive the resource allocation during the survival phase, the higher the likelihood of transitioning into a high-growth firm in later stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 2","pages":"Article 102513"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time and MNE strategy: Managing temporal misalignments in global value chains","authors":"Peter J. Buckley , Thomas D. Craig , Ram Mudambi","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multinational enterprises (MNEs) operate in a complex environment characterized by the interplay of macro factors from the external environment and firm-specific micro factors. Both sets of factors have important temporal elements, specifically industry clock speed at the macro level and firm activity duration at the micro level. We argue that the temporal alignment of these factors has a crucial effect on firm performance. We explore the theoretical foundations of this phenomenon and propose the concept of temporal coupling as a mechanism for resolving temporal misalignments. Temporal coupling is defined as the ability of an MNE to effectively synchronize its internal processes with external temporal rhythms. The effective implementation of temporal coupling is a higher-order adaptive capability that provides competitive advantage in global value chain organization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 2","pages":"Article 102511"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gonzalo Molina-Sieiro , Steve Lim , David R. King , Michael A. Hitt
{"title":"Predicting acquisition specific goodwill write-downs","authors":"Gonzalo Molina-Sieiro , Steve Lim , David R. King , Michael A. Hitt","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When managers anticipate synergy gains from an acquisition, they may pay more for target firm assets than their fair value, creating goodwill on an acquiring firm's balance sheet. If synergy is not subsequently realized and the fair value of goodwill falls below its book value, goodwill write-downs result from annual impairment tests. Managers and investors may be able to avoid value destroying acquisitions if goodwill write-downs can be predicted from information at acquisition completion. We use purchase price allocation information from SEC 10-K filings to evaluate goodwill write-downs of prior acquisitions. For a sample of 421 U.S. acquisitions with a subset of 49 that experienced deal-specific goodwill write-downs, we find that firms acquiring target firms with larger relative size are more likely to experience goodwill write-downs. However, this effect is mitigated when a target firm's value resides in identifiable intangible assets (e.g., brands and patents), suggesting acquirers may have private information about intangible asset combinations. Implications for management research and practice, as well as government policy are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 2","pages":"Article 102512"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Striving for superiority: A status perspective on the relationship between top management team demographic faultline strength and managerial risk-taking","authors":"Kaili Li , Renjing Liu , Jiamin Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we seize the prevalent phenomenon that demographic attributes serve as representative indicators of social status, leading to status differences among team members due to demographic dissimilarities. Therefore, we reconsider how top management team (TMT) demographic faultline strength affects managerial risk-taking from a status perspective. We hypothesize that high TMT demographic faultline strength makes status boundaries among subgroups more distinct, increasing TMT members’ status perceptions, status conflict, and motivation to change their current status positions, which in turn stimulate them to take more risks to pursue or maintain high status. Findings from a sample of Chinese listed firms support our hypotheses, demonstrating that TMT demographic faultline strength positively affects managerial risk-taking, and the positive relationship is weakened by state ownership and strengthened by institutional development. Additionally, institutional development weakens the negative moderating effect of state ownership. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed for better managing demographic faultlines and managerial risk-taking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 1","pages":"Article 102494"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The multifaceted government influence on CSR activities: CSR decoupling in an emerging market","authors":"Yu Wang , Jie Ma , Xiaoying Chang , Tienan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corporate social responsibility (CSR) decoupling — the misalignment between reported and actual CSR performance — represents a significant challenge in emerging markets. While existing research treats government as a monolithic entity in shaping CSR practices, we argue that varying priorities across governmental levels create multiple government demands that systematically affect firms' CSR decoupling behaviors. Drawing upon neo-institutional theory, we examine how administrative hierarchical distance influences CSR decoupling in China’s regionally decentralized authoritarian regime. Using data from Chinese publicly listed companies, we find that greater administrative hierarchical distance increases firms' propensity to engage in CSR decoupling. This relationship is attenuated in regions with more developed institutions and economies. Our study advances neo-institutional theory by demonstrating how vertical complexity within governmental systems shapes organizational responses to institutional pressures. These findings extend our understanding of CSR decoupling in emerging markets by revealing how layered governmental influences, rather than unified governmental pressure, affect firms' CSR practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 1","pages":"Article 102497"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David B. Dose , Ronny Reinhardt , Maria Krämer (née Schwabe) , Gianfranco Walsh
{"title":"Environmental sustainability–profitability beliefs among firm decision makers: Measurement and consequences","authors":"David B. Dose , Ronny Reinhardt , Maria Krämer (née Schwabe) , Gianfranco Walsh","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Firms face a fundamental and persistent challenge in balancing the tensions between environmental sustainability and profitability, where elements that seem logical individually become contradictory when juxtaposed. Individual decision makers' beliefs about the tensions between environmental sustainability and profitability can shape decision outcomes, offering an intriguing micro-foundation for strategic choices. This article conceptualizes and proposes a scale to measure decision makers' beliefs about the tensions between environmental sustainability and profitability. Across three studies, we develop a reliable, valid, parsimonious 12-item environmental sustainability–profitability beliefs (ESPB) scale. Three further studies demonstrate its ability to predict evaluations of sustainable new product ideas, investment success in markets with different crowdfunding platforms, and information search efforts for sustainable new product ideas. Overall, the findings emphasize the important influence of individual-level beliefs about sustainability and profitability for determining strategic decision outcomes, enhancing the understanding of key micro-foundations of firms’ sustainability practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 1","pages":"Article 102495"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi Li , Jia Xu , Qianwen Shao , Nengzhi Yao , Li Xia
{"title":"The interactions of multidimensional corporate reputations and disaster donation strategies: How a firm can be known for its sense of social responsibility embodied in disaster donations","authors":"Zhi Li , Jia Xu , Qianwen Shao , Nengzhi Yao , Li Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2024.102496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine how the two dimensions of corporate reputation stock, i.e., <em>generalized favorability (GF)</em> and <em>being known (BK)</em>, and disaster donation strategies, i.e., <em>response time (RT)</em> and <em>donation level (DL)</em>, affect the corporate reputation increment, i.e., <em>being known for the sense of social responsibility (SSR) embodied in corporate disaster donations (CDD)</em>. By analyzing 493 COVID-19 donations made by listed firms in China, we find that <em>GF</em>, <em>BK,</em> and <em>DL</em> can positively affect <em>being known for the SSR embodied in CDD</em>, while the <em>RT</em> has a negative effect. Meanwhile, the negative effect of <em>BK</em> is also revealed when <em>GF</em> is low. Additionally, the <em>RT's</em> positive effect is also revealed when <em>GF</em> and <em>BK</em> are low, while the <em>DL's</em> positive effect is weaker when <em>GF</em> is high. Furthermore, we discuss our contributions to research on corporate reputation and corporate social responsibility management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 1","pages":"Article 102496"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeroen P.J. de Jong , Max Mulhuijzen , Brita Schemmann
{"title":"The nature of underground innovation: Missionary, user, and exploratory orientation","authors":"Jeroen P.J. de Jong , Max Mulhuijzen , Brita Schemmann","doi":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrp.2025.102498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bootlegging and creative deviance studies have described “underground” innovations, which employees develop without managerial consent but with company benefits in mind. This phenomenon is explained by structural strain theory: when organizations have innovative goals but limited resources, some employees may pursue these goals without permission. Anecdotal observations, however, reveal underground employee behaviors that do not fit this pattern; underground innovations may serve different purposes and remain permanently invisible. We therefore conducted an explorative study of why and how employees develop underground innovations. Based on interviews and survey data at a multinational automotive company, underground innovations have three orientations: missionary (aimed to change company practices), user (to solve work problems), and exploratory (to cater to developers' passion for exploration). The three orientations differ in their involvement of others, deployed resources, and dissemination efforts. Without missionary orientation, underground innovations are not proactively diffused, inhibiting organizations from reaping their full benefits. We infer a refined theory based on constraints that prevent employees from being openly proactive. Specifically, underground innovation may be triggered by 1. lacking resources to pursue organizational innovation goals, 2. lacking resources and thresholds to improve work processes, and 3. the organization's inability to match work tasks with innovation workers' preferences. The last two constraints are easily overlooked, and organizations will capture more value from their human capital by stimulating the diffusion of user and exploratory-oriented projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18141,"journal":{"name":"Long Range Planning","volume":"58 1","pages":"Article 102498"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}