International Journal of Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Pilot randomized controlled trial of transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of insomnia in cancer survivors: An efficacy, safety, and feasibility therapy.","authors":"Shanshan Tian, Longtao Huangfu, Yuyang Fanan, Xuejiao Gao, Jie Chen, Hui Li, Detian Guo, Qiying Deng, Tingfang Wu, Ling Zhang, Jingjing Zhou, Pengfei Wang, Anning Li, Gang Wang","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nearly 60% of cancer survivors experience insomnia symptoms, which is 2-3 times higher than the general population. This study examined the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of insomnia in cancer survivors. Sixty-six cancer survivors with insomnia were randomly assigned to receive rTMS (n = 22), Sham-rTMS (n = 21), and CBT-I (n = 23) treatment for a 6-week period. Participants completed assessments at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks, respectively. The primary outcome was the change in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) from baseline to 6 weeks. The secondary outcome included the change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS). The generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis showed a significant difference in reduced ISI (β = -4.58, 95% CI -8.25, -0.91, p = .009) and PSQI (β = -2.35, 95% CI -4.63, -0.07, p = .041) between intervention rTMS and Sham-rTMS, respectively. A significant between-group difference was also observed in reduced ESS (β = -4.65, 95% CI -8.24, -1.06, p = .006). However, the GEE analysis showed that there was no difference between rTMS and CBT-I for relieving insomnia symptoms and daytime sleepiness. After the 6-week treatment, rTMS, Sham-rTMS, and CBT-I demonstrated 60.0%, 28.6%, and 61.5% response rates for insomnia severity and 66.7%, 35.7%, and 53.8% for sleep quality improvement. The rate of adverse events was 9.1%, 0%, and 4.3% in the rTMS, Sham-rTMS, and CBT-I groups, respectively, and no serious adverse events were reported. Given the critical role of good sleep for cancer prognosis, there is an urgent need to increase access to evidence-based treatment for insomnia in cancer survivors. TMS offers an efficacy, safety, and feasibility therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of sarcopenia, sarcopenia components and sarcopenic obesity with cancer incidence: A prospective cohort study of 414,094 participants in UK Biobank.","authors":"Panagiotis Filis, Christos K Papagiannopoulos, Georgios Markozannes, Christos V Chalitsios, Ioannis Zerdes, Antonios Valachis, Christopher Papandreou, Sofia Christakoudi, Konstantinos K Tsilidis","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia is characterised by low grip strength, muscle quantity or quality, and physical performance. This study investigated the associations of sarcopenia and its components with cancer incidence. A prospective cohort study was conducted utilising data from the UK Biobank. Sarcopenia and its components were defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria (EWGSOP2 2019). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors were performed. Overall, 63,379 out of 414,094 study participants had an incident diagnosis of cancer during a median follow-up of 11.7 years. In total, 32,286 participants had probable sarcopenia and 934 confirmed/severe sarcopenia at recruitment. Combined probable, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of liver (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-2.33), haematological (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01-1.46), and colorectal cancer (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04-1.41) in males, but not in females. The components of sarcopenia were associated with a higher risk of several cancers, including low grip strength (with liver, haematological and colorectal cancer in males), low muscle mass index (oesophageal in females and oral cancer in males), and slow walking pace (liver and lung in males, lung and overall cancer in females). Compared to participants with non-sarcopenic obesity, those with sarcopenic obesity had a higher risk of colorectal cancer in males (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03-1.68). Our study suggests that sarcopenia, sarcopenia components, and sarcopenic obesity can be associated with risk for several cancers, mainly of the gastrointestinal tract and in males. Thus, early identification of sarcopenia components may benefit cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of bridging therapies in clinical trials leading to FDA approval of CAR-T cell therapies.","authors":"Victoria Kaestner, Alyson Haslam, Vinay Prasad","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the time of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) manufacturing, bridging therapy is often used to control disease. Because it often involves systemic treatment, the bridging therapies can induce responses and/or adverse events. We sought to assess bridging therapies used in CAR-T trials in a cross-sectional study. We reviewed FDA drug labels and peer-reviewed registration trial reports (including supplemental data) to evaluate the characteristics of bridging therapy used in trials testing CAR-T therapies. We looked at which bridging therapies were used, whether multiple therapies were combined, the response rates, and the reported adverse events associated with bridging therapy. Of the 11 studies testing CAR-T therapies, 10 reported the bridging therapies that were used in the study. Of those that reported the types of bridging therapies (n = 10), the most commonly used bridging therapy was dexamethasone (10/10, 100%), rituximab (6/10, 60%), gemcitabine (5/10, 50%), and etoposide (5/10, 50%). Of the trials, one of 11 (9%) clearly reported whether patients had responses to bridging therapy, six of 11 (55%) vaguely reported responses, and four of 11 (36%) trials did not report or mention any response information regarding bridging therapy. Although patients are often refractory to first-line therapies, which share considerable overlap with bridging therapies, these therapies may induce responses. Despite this possibility, the reporting of bridging therapy combinations and their subsequent response rates and adverse event rates are highly variable. These findings highlight the need for greater transparency in the reporting of bridging therapy to more reliably assess the efficacy of CAR-T therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with reaching maintenance therapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer treated with durvalumab: Real-world results from a multicenter and multinational study.","authors":"Margherita Rimini, Lorenzo Fornaro, Federica Lo Prinzi, Mario Domenico Rizzato, Anna Saborowski, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Federico Rossari, Tomoyuki Satake, Frederik Peeters, Caterina Vivaldi, Tiziana Pressiani, Jessica Lucchetti, Jin Won Kim, Oluseyi Abidoye, Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli, Stefano Tamberi, Fabian Finkelmeier, Guido Giordano, Chiara Pircher, Hong Jae Chon, Chiara Braconi, Aitzaz Qaisar, Chiara Pirrone, Florian Castet, Emiliano Tamburini, Changhoon Yoo, Alessandro Parisi, Anna Diana, Mario Scartozzi, Gerald W Prager, Antonio Avallone, Marta Schirripa, Il Hwan Kim, Lukas Perkhofer, Ester Oneda, Monica Verrico, Nuno Couto, Jorge Adeva, Stephen L Chan, Gian Paolo Spinelli, Nicola Personeni, Ingrid Garajova, Maria Grazia Rodriquenz, Silvana Leo, Cecilia Melo Alvim, Ricardo Roque, Giovanni Farinea, Francesca Salani, Antonio De Rosa, Daniele Lavacchi, Silvia Camera, Masafumi Ikeda, Jeroen Dekervel, Monica Niger, Rita Balsano, Giuseppe Tonini, Salvatore Corallo, Minsu Kang, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Luca Esposito, Alessandra Boccaccino, Francesco Vitiello, Vera Himmelsbach, Matteo Landriscina, Selma Ahcene Djaballah, Giulia Tesini, Gianluca Masi, Arndt Vogel, Sara Lonardi, Lorenza Rimassa, Andrea Casadei-Gardini","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standard of care first-line systemic treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer includes chemo-immunotherapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and durvalumab, followed by maintenance durvalumab monotherapy. The present work aims to investigate the differences in baseline clinical and molecular characteristics between patients with early progression during chemo-immunotherapy and those who reach durvalumab maintenance therapy. The study population included patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic BTC who received treatment at 38 clinical Institutions in 12 countries from July 2021 to December 2023. The primary objective of the study was to investigate whether baseline clinical and molecular characteristics differed between patients with early progression during chemo-immunotherapy versus those reaching durvalumab maintenance therapy. Four hundred forty-eight patients were included in this study. Two hundred twenty-seven patients (50.7%) received maintenance with durvalumab monotherapy, whereas 221 (49.3%) did not receive maintenance therapy due to PD during first-line chemo-immunotherapy before completing 8 cycles. Results show that patients who received maintenance were more likely to be older (≥70 years), have an ECOG = 0, locally advanced disease, and a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) <3. A higher proportion of patients with BAP1 mutations received maintenance, while TP53 mutations were more common in those who progressed early. According to the present analysis, a substantial proportion of patients (50.7%) with advanced BTC who were treated with chemotherapy plus durvalumab proceeded to receive maintenance therapy with durvalumab monotherapy, with a median treatment duration of 4.4 cycles. Patients ≥70 years, with ECOG PS 0, with locally advanced disease, and with NLR <3 had a higher likelihood of receiving maintenance therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspirin use and cancer risk.","authors":"Shih-Wei Lai","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35484","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on recurrence and fertility outcomes during assisted reproduction after complete remission of early endometrioid endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Qujia Gama, Lulu Wang, Pengfei Wu, Sijia Liu, Bingyi Yang, Hongwei Zhang, Li Sun, Yiqin Wang, Xuezhen Luo, Min Yu, Weiwei Shan","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the efficacy of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on recurrence and fertility outcomes during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in patients with early stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) and endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) following successful fertility-preserving treatment. We reviewed the patients with Grade 1 presumed Stage IA EEC or EAH who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer after successful fertility-sparing treatment. A total of 176 women were enrolled in this study, undergoing 318 cycles of COS and 290 cycles of embryo transfer (ET). Twenty-one percent (37/176) patients have an LNG-IUS insertion during the initial ovarian stimulation, and the median follow-up time for this cohort was 61.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 39.0-76.6 months), while it was 60.5 months for the other cohort (IQR, 44.9-80.3 months). Disease recurrence was experienced by 34.7% (61/176) of the patients. Compared to the non-LNG-IUS group, the LNG-IUS group had a lower recurrence rate 1 year after COS (5.4% (2/37) versus 20.9% (29/139), p = .034). The use of LNG-IUS was associated with a reduced recurrence rate 1 year after COS (hazard ratio = 0.203, 95% confidence interval [0.042-0.984], p = .048). The overall clinical pregnancy rate reached as high as 65.3% (115/176), while the cumulative live birth rates were up to 46.6% (85/176). We found that LNG-IUS during COS did not impact oocyte yield, ET, or pregnancy outcomes. The placement of LNG-IUS during COS in EEC/EAH patients is worth considering, as it is likely to reduce the recurrence of endometrial lesions without affecting fertility outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood-based biomarkers in soft tissue sarcoma: Implications for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.","authors":"Brie-Anne Mannah, John J Park, Su Yin Lim","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare and heterogeneous cancer, comprising approximately 1% of all adult cancers and 7%-15% of all childhood cancers. In the advanced stages, chemotherapy remains the standard-of-care, but efficacy is limited, with a response rate of 15%-30%, and responses are often short-lived, with median progression-free survival typically of 6 months. Moreover, patients with advanced or metastatic STS have a median overall survival of only 18-24 months. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the treatment of various cancers including melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Emerging evidence from recent clinical trials indicates that certain STS subtypes may be amenable to immunotherapy. A critical challenge, however, is identifying biomarkers that can accurately predict and enable monitoring of ICI responses, to enable better patient selection and to improve outcomes. This narrative review highlights the current research gap in the treatment of STS patients with ICI therapy, particularly the absence of reliable blood-based biomarkers to predict ICI response. In this review, we examine current clinical trials investigating the efficacy of ICI therapy in patients with STS and summarise circulating immune-related prognostic biomarkers in STS, including haematological indices, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, circulating proteins and DNA, and evaluate their potential as predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy. We propose that these immune-associated molecules may serve as predictive biomarkers to differentiate and monitor ICI response, thus presenting opportunities for personalised treatment for patients with STS.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of autotaxin activity with IOA-289 decreases fibrosis in mouse E0771 breast tumors.","authors":"Xiaoyun Tang, Humayara Khan, Karolina Niewola-Staszkowska, Frank Wuest, David N Brindley","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor-associated fibrosis contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment that hinders effective anti-tumor immune responses. This study investigates the potential of IOA-289, a novel autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor, which blocks lysophosphatidate (LPA) production and signaling, in modulating fibrosis in breast tumors. Bioinformatic analysis of human breast tumors revealed a strong correlation between levels of LPA_1,-4 receptors and extracellular matrix (ECM) genes. Interaction of ECM molecules and integrin β1/CD44 between myofibroblasts and other cell types had the highest contribution to cell-cell communication. We showed that LPA induced α-smooth muscle actin mRNA in mouse mammary fibroblasts and increased expressions of collagen type-I α1 chain (COL1A1) and lamininγ1. IOA-289 decreased the expressions of COL1A1, fibronectin-1, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in E0771 breast tumors in mice. Masson's trichrome staining revealed a marked decrease in collagen deposition within breast tumors of IOA-289-treated mice. Decreased tumor fibrosis aligns with previous findings that IOA-289 enhanced the infiltration of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells and decreased fibrotic factors including leukemia inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 in tumors. We also demonstrated that E0771 cells express negligible ATX and LPA receptors. Therefore, ATX inhibition did not affect cancer cells directly in our model. These results underscore the potential of ATX inhibitors in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to favor anti-tumor immunity and attenuate fibrosis. ATX inhibitors are in clinical trials for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pancreatic cancer. Our results support the development of ATX inhibitors as a strategy for improving the treatment of breast cancer and other diseases involving fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term risk of major cardiac events in breast cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Nam Kyu Kang, Kyu Hye Choi, Jae Uk Jeong, Sung Ja Ahn, Mina Yu, Jin Hee Kim, Bae Kwon Jeong, Han Byul Kang, Hyo Chun Lee, Jong Hoon Lee","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assess the relationship between radiation dose to the heart and cardiac disease within the context of modern radiotherapy techniques of 3-dimensional and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The KROG 15-03 study was a multicenter phase III trial involving 693 breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either IMRT or 3D-CRT following BCS. Major cardiac event (MCE), defined as the occurrence of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction requiring coronary angiography, and admission for cardiac arrhythmia related to the irradiation of the heart. The primary outcome of the study was to investigate the incidence of MCE and factors associated with MCEs. At a median follow-up of 6.5 years, the incidence of MCEs at 6.5 years was 1.8%. The mean heart dose (MHD) for the entire cohort of 647 patients was 2.1 (±2.3) Gy. The cumulative incidence of MCEs at 6.5 years was 1.1% for the subgroup of MHD <2.9 Gy and 3.3% for the subgroup of MHD >2.9 Gy (p = 0.010), and 0.9% for the subgroup of age ≤55 years and 3.3% for the subgroup of age >55 years (p = 0.006), respectively. Multivariate analyses confirmed that MHD (p = 0.044; hazard ratio [HR], 1.21 per 1 Gy; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.46) and age (p = 0.034; HR, 1.07 per 1 year; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14) were significant factors of MCEs. The incidence of MCE increased by 21% per 1-Gy increase in MHD within 6.5 years after radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in cancer mortality among solid organ transplant recipients.","authors":"Sarah S Jackson, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Erin Gardner, Mei-Chin Hsieh, Tabassum Insaf, Charles F Lynch, Bozena Morawski, Shuhui Wang, Kelly J Yu, Eric A Engels","doi":"10.1002/ijc.35415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.35415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Males have increased mortality after a cancer diagnosis than females, possibly due to poorer immunosurveillance. We tested whether the female survival advantage is lost with immunosuppression by evaluating 17,048 cancer patients (68% male) with a prior solid organ transplant using data from the US Transplant Cancer Match Study and 1,221,914 cancer patients (58% male) from the general population using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. We evaluated 13 solid cancers that occur in both sexes. We compared mortality due to cancer in males and females using a male:female hazard ratio (M:F HR) derived from Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, diagnosis year, stage, and cancer treatment. Among cancer patients in the general population, males had higher cancer-specific mortality than females for cancers of the lip, stomach, colorectum, anus, liver, lung, skin, brain, and thyroid, with M:F HRs ranging from 1.06 to 1.59. Only colorectal cancer showed an attenuation in the female mortality advantage in transplant recipients (M:F HR_Transplant: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.03; vs. M:F HR_GenPop: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.08; P-interaction = 0.007). Among kidney cancer patients, the female mortality advantage was stronger in the transplant population (M:F HR_Transplant: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.60; M:F HR_GenPop: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.04; P-interaction = 0.003). Overall, we did not find consistent evidence that the female advantage in cancer mortality is weakened among immunosuppressed transplant recipients, suggesting that non-immune factors contribute to the female advantage among cancer patients in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cancer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}